In this paper, we discuss the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems on generalized metric spaces and their applications. It is proved that point-Gδ properties,?0-snf-countability and csf-countability are invariants a...In this paper, we discuss the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems on generalized metric spaces and their applications. It is proved that point-Gδ properties,?0-snf-countability and csf-countability are invariants and inverse invariants under closed finite-to-one mappings. By the relationships between the weak first-countabilities, we obtain the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems of weak quasi-first-countability, quasi-first-countability, snf-countability, gfcountability and sof-countability. Furthermore, these results are applied to the study of symmetric products of topological spaces.展开更多
Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respecti...Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respectively) and C(f) is semi-open(almost open,respectively).展开更多
In this paper ,we introduce a class of generalized mapping called transfer open orclosed valued mapping to generalize the KKM theorem on H-space.Then asapplications,using our H-KKM theorem,we prove some coincidence th...In this paper ,we introduce a class of generalized mapping called transfer open orclosed valued mapping to generalize the KKM theorem on H-space.Then asapplications,using our H-KKM theorem,we prove some coincidence theorems.matching theorems and vector valued minimax inequalities which generalize slightly thecorresponding results in[1,2,4,5,6,7].展开更多
Since creation of spatial data is a costly and time consuming process, researchers, in this domain, in most of the cases rely on open source spatial attributes for their specific purpose. Likewise, the present researc...Since creation of spatial data is a costly and time consuming process, researchers, in this domain, in most of the cases rely on open source spatial attributes for their specific purpose. Likewise, the present research aims at mapping landslide susceptibility at the metropolitan area of Chittagong district of Bangladesh utilizing obtainable open source spatial data from various web portals. In this regard, we targeted a study region where rainfall induced landslides reportedly causes causalities as well as property damage each year. In this study, however, we employed multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique i.e., heuristic, a knowledge driven approach based on expert opinions from various discipline for landslide susceptibility mapping combining nine causative factors—geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, plan curvature, drainage distance, relative relief and vegetation in geographic information system (GIS) environment. The final susceptibility map was devised into five hazard classes viz., very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, representing 22 km2 (13%), 90 km2 (53%);24 km2 (15%);22 km2 (13%) and 10 km2 (6%) areas respectively. This particular study might be beneficial to the local authorities and other stake-holders, concerned in disaster risk reduction and mitigation activities. Moreover this study can also be advantageous for risk sensitive land use planning in the study area.展开更多
There is a growing need for web-based geographic information systems for easy and fast dissemination, sharing, displaying and processing of spatial information. The tremendous growth in the use of web and open-source ...There is a growing need for web-based geographic information systems for easy and fast dissemination, sharing, displaying and processing of spatial information. The tremendous growth in the use of web and open-source geospatial resources has sparked development of web-based spatial applications to address multidisciplinary issues with spatial dimensions. This paper presents the integration of open-source geospatial tools and web technology to visualize and interact with spatial data using web browser. The goal of this paper is to implement a prototype system for web-based mapping by providing step-by-step instructions in order to encourage the eager developers and interested readers to publish their maps on the web with no prior technical experience in map servers. The implementation of mapping prototype shows the utilization of open-source geospatial tools which results in a rapid implementation with minimal or no software input cost.展开更多
The use of open-source data and tools in disaster exposure mapping is presented in this paper. Disaster exposure is a collection of the element at risk to potential loss. Gampaha divisional secretariat (DS) is a study...The use of open-source data and tools in disaster exposure mapping is presented in this paper. Disaster exposure is a collection of the element at risk to potential loss. Gampaha divisional secretariat (DS) is a study area laid on the lower part of the Attanagalu Oya river basin. As the geospatial tools, OpenStreetMap (OSM), Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM), QGIS, GPS Essentials, and Open Map Kit (OMK) are used. The elements of disaster exposure, including the number of people or types of assets, are surveyed and inventoried using the OSM platforms. Local, national, and international agencies produce and evaluate the data. The study developed spatial data for building footprints of 165,000 households, street lengths of 2300 km, hospital units of 16, and utility units of 2300. This could overcome the main challenges of exposure mapping in the area. The procedure developed in the exposure mapping can be used in a data-sparse environment. Exposure mapping is generally used to estimate the impact of hazards or disasters, which are essential in effective disaster management. How are there still remaining challenges in disaster exposure mapping such as less awareness about the mapping procedure, lack of government support, internet access, hardware, and inability to understand the value of exposure mapping?展开更多
In this paper, the author establishs general open mapping theorems for continuous, weakly continuous, closed and weakly singular linear maps respectively. From these general theorems, he deduces a lot of specific open...In this paper, the author establishs general open mapping theorems for continuous, weakly continuous, closed and weakly singular linear maps respectively. From these general theorems, he deduces a lot of specific open mapping theorems, which include some well-known theorems and some new interesting results. Particularly the author gives the extensions of Husain's open mapping theorem and Adasch's open mapping theorem.展开更多
Open Street Map作为一个开放众源地理信息数据平台,其数据覆盖全球多个国家,对其数据结构的深入研究和分析有助于提取更多的地理信息数据。在简要介绍OSM数据结构分析的基础上,探讨OSM数据的特点及数据分析、提取的处理技巧。这些技术...Open Street Map作为一个开放众源地理信息数据平台,其数据覆盖全球多个国家,对其数据结构的深入研究和分析有助于提取更多的地理信息数据。在简要介绍OSM数据结构分析的基础上,探讨OSM数据的特点及数据分析、提取的处理技巧。这些技术有助于根据不同行业应用方向对地理信息数据进行按需提取处理,也有助于编写软件对OSM数据进行批量转换。展开更多
Several general open mapping theorems for continuous linear maps, weakly continuous linear maps and closed linear maps are established respectively. From these general forms, a lot of specific open mapping theorems ca...Several general open mapping theorems for continuous linear maps, weakly continuous linear maps and closed linear maps are established respectively. From these general forms, a lot of specific open mapping theorems can be deduced.展开更多
Ecotourism is a sustainable, green and smokeless industry of the society by providing alternative source to the livelihood and local community, in order to re-naturalize the environment to bring the man closer to the ...Ecotourism is a sustainable, green and smokeless industry of the society by providing alternative source to the livelihood and local community, in order to re-naturalize the environment to bring the man closer to the natural environment. The use of web application has changed the way tourists gather information about tourist attraction spots of the research area. The aim of the study is to assess and identify ecotourism attraction sites of Chokie Mountain watersheds for touristic activities to develop a web-based GIS mapping portal for the improvement of nature-based ecotourism activities. The web-based GIS portal for Web Mapping Application is available for the user with the skills necessary to create standard web mapping services. We have implemented web mapping services based on formal cartographic visualization rules in the open source QGIS software and threejs JavaScript plugin. Threejs plugin is used for 3D visualization, interaction and export terrain data, map canvas image and vector data to HTML page and JS. The result of web-based GIS portal supports spatial and non-spatial database of tourist attraction and tourist service data with attractive user interface.展开更多
The neutrality’s origin,character,and extent are studied in the Neutrosophic set.The neutrosophic set is an essential issue to research since it opens the door to a wide range of scientific and technological applicat...The neutrality’s origin,character,and extent are studied in the Neutrosophic set.The neutrosophic set is an essential issue to research since it opens the door to a wide range of scientific and technological applications.The neutrosophic set can find its spot to research because the universe is filled with indeterminacy.Neutrosophic set is currently being developed to express uncertain,imprecise,partial,and inconsistent data.Truth membership function,indeterminacymembership function,and falsitymembership function are used to express a neutrosophic set in order to address uncertainty.The neutrosophic set producesmore rational conclusions in a variety of practical problems.The neutrosophic set displays inconsistencies in data and can solve real-world problems.We are directed to do our work in semi-continuous and almost continuous mapping on the basis of the neutrosophic set by observing these.Since we are going to study the properties of semi continuous and almost continuous mapping,we present the meaning of N-semi-open set,N-semi-closed set,N-regularly open set,N-regularly closed set,N-continuous mapping,N-open mapping,N-closed mapping,Nsemi-continuous mapping,N-semi-open mapping,N-semi-closed mapping.Additionally,we attempt to demonstrate a portion of their properties and furthermore referred to some examples.展开更多
Many quantum systems of interest are initially correlated with their environments and the reduced dynamics of open systems are an interesting while challenging topic. Affine maps, as an extension of completely positiv...Many quantum systems of interest are initially correlated with their environments and the reduced dynamics of open systems are an interesting while challenging topic. Affine maps, as an extension of completely positive maps, are a useful tool to describe the reduced dynamics of open systems with initial correlations. However, it is unciear what kind of initial state shares an affine map. In this study, we give a sumcient condition of initial states, in which the reduced dynamics can always be described by an affihe map. Our result shows that if the initial states of the combined system constitute a convex set, and if the correspondence between the initial states of the open system and those of the combined system, defined by taking the partial trace, is a bijection, then the reduced dynamics of the open system can be described by an affine map.展开更多
随着人工智能和无人驾驶等相关学科的快速发展,煤矿装备的智能化和无人化成为了新的趋势。智能设备的应用将大幅提高煤矿作业的生产力以及人员安全性。露天煤矿地形复杂,与城市环境相比无明显的几何特征,具有分段相似性,利用现有以激光...随着人工智能和无人驾驶等相关学科的快速发展,煤矿装备的智能化和无人化成为了新的趋势。智能设备的应用将大幅提高煤矿作业的生产力以及人员安全性。露天煤矿地形复杂,与城市环境相比无明显的几何特征,具有分段相似性,利用现有以激光雷达为主的同时定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)方案在该环境下易出现定位漂移和建图误差较大等现象。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)和惯导(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)紧耦合的SLAM算法,该算法使用LiDAR和IMU两种传感器作为数据输入,对数据进行预处理,前端利用迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波器将预处理后的LiDAR特征点与IMU数据相融合,并使用后向传播来矫正雷达运动畸变,后端利用雷达相对位姿因子将LiDAR帧间配准结果作为约束因子与回环因子共同完成全局因子图优化。利用开源数据集和露天煤矿实地数据集验证了算法的鲁棒性和精确性。试验结果表明在城市结构化环境中文中所提算法与当前激光SLAM算法精度保持一致,而针对长达两千多米的露天煤矿实地环境,所提算法较FAST-LIO2、LIO-SAM紧耦合算法在定位精度上分别提高了46.00%和23.15%,且具有更高的鲁棒性。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11801254,11471153)
文摘In this paper, we discuss the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems on generalized metric spaces and their applications. It is proved that point-Gδ properties,?0-snf-countability and csf-countability are invariants and inverse invariants under closed finite-to-one mappings. By the relationships between the weak first-countabilities, we obtain the closed finite-to-one mapping theorems of weak quasi-first-countability, quasi-first-countability, snf-countability, gfcountability and sof-countability. Furthermore, these results are applied to the study of symmetric products of topological spaces.
文摘Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respectively) and C(f) is semi-open(almost open,respectively).
文摘In this paper ,we introduce a class of generalized mapping called transfer open orclosed valued mapping to generalize the KKM theorem on H-space.Then asapplications,using our H-KKM theorem,we prove some coincidence theorems.matching theorems and vector valued minimax inequalities which generalize slightly thecorresponding results in[1,2,4,5,6,7].
文摘Since creation of spatial data is a costly and time consuming process, researchers, in this domain, in most of the cases rely on open source spatial attributes for their specific purpose. Likewise, the present research aims at mapping landslide susceptibility at the metropolitan area of Chittagong district of Bangladesh utilizing obtainable open source spatial data from various web portals. In this regard, we targeted a study region where rainfall induced landslides reportedly causes causalities as well as property damage each year. In this study, however, we employed multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique i.e., heuristic, a knowledge driven approach based on expert opinions from various discipline for landslide susceptibility mapping combining nine causative factors—geomorphology, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, plan curvature, drainage distance, relative relief and vegetation in geographic information system (GIS) environment. The final susceptibility map was devised into five hazard classes viz., very low, low, moderate, high, and very high, representing 22 km2 (13%), 90 km2 (53%);24 km2 (15%);22 km2 (13%) and 10 km2 (6%) areas respectively. This particular study might be beneficial to the local authorities and other stake-holders, concerned in disaster risk reduction and mitigation activities. Moreover this study can also be advantageous for risk sensitive land use planning in the study area.
文摘There is a growing need for web-based geographic information systems for easy and fast dissemination, sharing, displaying and processing of spatial information. The tremendous growth in the use of web and open-source geospatial resources has sparked development of web-based spatial applications to address multidisciplinary issues with spatial dimensions. This paper presents the integration of open-source geospatial tools and web technology to visualize and interact with spatial data using web browser. The goal of this paper is to implement a prototype system for web-based mapping by providing step-by-step instructions in order to encourage the eager developers and interested readers to publish their maps on the web with no prior technical experience in map servers. The implementation of mapping prototype shows the utilization of open-source geospatial tools which results in a rapid implementation with minimal or no software input cost.
文摘The use of open-source data and tools in disaster exposure mapping is presented in this paper. Disaster exposure is a collection of the element at risk to potential loss. Gampaha divisional secretariat (DS) is a study area laid on the lower part of the Attanagalu Oya river basin. As the geospatial tools, OpenStreetMap (OSM), Java OpenStreetMap (JOSM), QGIS, GPS Essentials, and Open Map Kit (OMK) are used. The elements of disaster exposure, including the number of people or types of assets, are surveyed and inventoried using the OSM platforms. Local, national, and international agencies produce and evaluate the data. The study developed spatial data for building footprints of 165,000 households, street lengths of 2300 km, hospital units of 16, and utility units of 2300. This could overcome the main challenges of exposure mapping in the area. The procedure developed in the exposure mapping can be used in a data-sparse environment. Exposure mapping is generally used to estimate the impact of hazards or disasters, which are essential in effective disaster management. How are there still remaining challenges in disaster exposure mapping such as less awareness about the mapping procedure, lack of government support, internet access, hardware, and inability to understand the value of exposure mapping?
文摘In this paper, the author establishs general open mapping theorems for continuous, weakly continuous, closed and weakly singular linear maps respectively. From these general theorems, he deduces a lot of specific open mapping theorems, which include some well-known theorems and some new interesting results. Particularly the author gives the extensions of Husain's open mapping theorem and Adasch's open mapping theorem.
文摘Open Street Map作为一个开放众源地理信息数据平台,其数据覆盖全球多个国家,对其数据结构的深入研究和分析有助于提取更多的地理信息数据。在简要介绍OSM数据结构分析的基础上,探讨OSM数据的特点及数据分析、提取的处理技巧。这些技术有助于根据不同行业应用方向对地理信息数据进行按需提取处理,也有助于编写软件对OSM数据进行批量转换。
文摘Several general open mapping theorems for continuous linear maps, weakly continuous linear maps and closed linear maps are established respectively. From these general forms, a lot of specific open mapping theorems can be deduced.
文摘Ecotourism is a sustainable, green and smokeless industry of the society by providing alternative source to the livelihood and local community, in order to re-naturalize the environment to bring the man closer to the natural environment. The use of web application has changed the way tourists gather information about tourist attraction spots of the research area. The aim of the study is to assess and identify ecotourism attraction sites of Chokie Mountain watersheds for touristic activities to develop a web-based GIS mapping portal for the improvement of nature-based ecotourism activities. The web-based GIS portal for Web Mapping Application is available for the user with the skills necessary to create standard web mapping services. We have implemented web mapping services based on formal cartographic visualization rules in the open source QGIS software and threejs JavaScript plugin. Threejs plugin is used for 3D visualization, interaction and export terrain data, map canvas image and vector data to HTML page and JS. The result of web-based GIS portal supports spatial and non-spatial database of tourist attraction and tourist service data with attractive user interface.
文摘The neutrality’s origin,character,and extent are studied in the Neutrosophic set.The neutrosophic set is an essential issue to research since it opens the door to a wide range of scientific and technological applications.The neutrosophic set can find its spot to research because the universe is filled with indeterminacy.Neutrosophic set is currently being developed to express uncertain,imprecise,partial,and inconsistent data.Truth membership function,indeterminacymembership function,and falsitymembership function are used to express a neutrosophic set in order to address uncertainty.The neutrosophic set producesmore rational conclusions in a variety of practical problems.The neutrosophic set displays inconsistencies in data and can solve real-world problems.We are directed to do our work in semi-continuous and almost continuous mapping on the basis of the neutrosophic set by observing these.Since we are going to study the properties of semi continuous and almost continuous mapping,we present the meaning of N-semi-open set,N-semi-closed set,N-regularly open set,N-regularly closed set,N-continuous mapping,N-open mapping,N-closed mapping,Nsemi-continuous mapping,N-semi-open mapping,N-semi-closed mapping.Additionally,we attempt to demonstrate a portion of their properties and furthermore referred to some examples.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11175105
文摘Many quantum systems of interest are initially correlated with their environments and the reduced dynamics of open systems are an interesting while challenging topic. Affine maps, as an extension of completely positive maps, are a useful tool to describe the reduced dynamics of open systems with initial correlations. However, it is unciear what kind of initial state shares an affine map. In this study, we give a sumcient condition of initial states, in which the reduced dynamics can always be described by an affihe map. Our result shows that if the initial states of the combined system constitute a convex set, and if the correspondence between the initial states of the open system and those of the combined system, defined by taking the partial trace, is a bijection, then the reduced dynamics of the open system can be described by an affine map.
文摘随着人工智能和无人驾驶等相关学科的快速发展,煤矿装备的智能化和无人化成为了新的趋势。智能设备的应用将大幅提高煤矿作业的生产力以及人员安全性。露天煤矿地形复杂,与城市环境相比无明显的几何特征,具有分段相似性,利用现有以激光雷达为主的同时定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)方案在该环境下易出现定位漂移和建图误差较大等现象。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于激光雷达(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)和惯导(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)紧耦合的SLAM算法,该算法使用LiDAR和IMU两种传感器作为数据输入,对数据进行预处理,前端利用迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波器将预处理后的LiDAR特征点与IMU数据相融合,并使用后向传播来矫正雷达运动畸变,后端利用雷达相对位姿因子将LiDAR帧间配准结果作为约束因子与回环因子共同完成全局因子图优化。利用开源数据集和露天煤矿实地数据集验证了算法的鲁棒性和精确性。试验结果表明在城市结构化环境中文中所提算法与当前激光SLAM算法精度保持一致,而针对长达两千多米的露天煤矿实地环境,所提算法较FAST-LIO2、LIO-SAM紧耦合算法在定位精度上分别提高了46.00%和23.15%,且具有更高的鲁棒性。
