A Controversial Political View： Rorty＇s Moral Finitism and Religion in the Public Square

Richard Rorty＇s moral finitism is based on some ideas from John Stuart Mill＇s work On Liberty. For Rorty, religious truths would be the main obstacles for the development of freedom and, at the same time, for human happiness. Rorty introduces the concepts of contingency and literary culture to express the situation of personal moral development, stressing that our life must be seen as an endless narration. So, there is no fixed development given once and for all. Rorty＇s anticlericalism is also based on the idea that the creation of clerical institutions and hierarchies is dangerous in the sense that they pose demands which go beyond individual perspectives and make religious obligations be prior to moral ones. Nevertheless, there are some misconceptions in Rorty＇s position when he discusses the idea of moral obligation and the relationship between religion and religious institutions.

Rapid rupture characterization for the 2023 M_(S)6.2 Jishishan earthquake

On December 18, 2023, the M_(S)6.2 Jishishan earthquake occurred in the northeastern region of the QinghaiXizang Plateau, causing heavy casualties and property damage in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. In this study,we integrate space imaging geodesy, finite fault inversion, and back-projection methods to decipher its rupture property, including fault geometry, coseismic slip distribution, rupture direction, and propagation speed. The results reveal that the seismogenic fault dips to the southwest at an angle of 29°. The major slip asperity is dominated by reverse slip and is concentrated within a depth range of 7–16 km, which explains the significant uplift near the epicenter observed by both the Sentinel-1 ascending and descending In SAR data. Moreover, the teleseismic array waveforms indicate a northwest propagating rupture with an overall slow rupture velocity of~1.91 km/s(AK array) or 1.01 km/s(AU array).

Numerical modeling of fracture propagation of supercritical CO_(2)compound fracturing

The exploitation of shale gas is promising due to depletion of the conventional energy and intensification of the greenhouse effect.In this paper,we proposed a heat-fluid-solid coupling damage model of supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))compound fracturing which is expected to be an efficient and environmentally friendly way to develop shale gas.The coupling model is solved by the finite element method,and the results are in good agreement with the analytical solutions and fracturing experiments.Based on this model,the fracture propagation characteristics at the two stages of compound fracturing are studied and the influence of pressurization rate,in situ stress,bedding angle,and other factors are considered.The results show that at the SC-CO_(2)fracturing stage,a lower pressurization rate is conducive to formation of the branches around main fractures,while a higher pressurization rate inhibits formation of the branches around main fractures and promotes formation of the main fractures.Both bedding and in situ stress play a dominant role in the fracture propagation.When the in situ stress ratio(δ_(x)/δ_(y))is 1,the presence of bedding can reduce the initiation pressure and failure pressure.Nevertheless,it will cause the fracture to propagate along the bedding direction,reducing the fracture complexity.In rocks without bedding,hydraulic fracturing has the lengthening and widening effects for SC-CO_(2)induced fracture.In shale,fractures induced at the hydraulic fracturing stage are more likely to be dominated by in situ stresses and have a shorter reorientation radius.Therefore,fracture branches propagating along the maximum principal stress direction may be generated around the main fractures induced by SC-CO_(2)at the hydraulic fracturing stage.When the branches converge with the main fractures,fracture zones are easily formed,and thus the fracture complexity and damage area can be significantly increased.The results are instructive for the design and application of SC-CO_(2)compound fracturing.

Numerical analysis of moving train induced vibrations on tunnel,surrounding ground and structure

This study is focused on the effect of vibration induced by moving trains in tunnels on the surrounding ground and structures.A three-dimensional finite element model is established for a one-track railway tunnel and an adjacent twelve-storey building frame by using commercial software Midas GTS-NX(2019)and Midas Gen.This study considered the moving load effect of a complete train,which varies with space as well as with time.The effect of factors such as train speed,overburden pressure on the tunnel and variation in soil properties are studied in the time domain.As a result,the variations in horizontal and vertical acceleration for two different sites,i.e.,the free ground surface(without structure)and the area containing the structure,are compared.Also,the displacement pattern of the raft foundation is plotted for different train velocities.At lower speeds,the heaving phenomenon is negligible,but as the speed increases,both the heaving and differential settlement increase in the foundation.This study demonstrates that the effect of moving train vibrations should be considered in the design of new nearby structures and proper ground improvement should be considered for existing structures.

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

Numerical analysis of downward progressive landslides in long natural slopes with sensitive clay

Landslides occurring in sensitive clay often result in widespread destruction,posing a significant risk to human lives and property due to the substantial decrease in undrained shear strength during deformation.Assessing the consequences of these landslides is challenging and necessitates robust numerical methods to comprehensively investigate their failure mechanisms.While studies have extensively explored upward progressive landslides in sensitive clays,understanding downward progressive cases remains limited.In this study,we utilised the nodal integration-based particle finite element method(NPFEM)with a nonlinear strain-softening model to analyse downward progressive landslides in sensitive clay on elongated slopes,induced by surcharge loads near the crest.We focused on elucidating the underlying failure mechanisms and evaluating the effects of different soil parameters and strainsoftening characteristics.The simulation results revealed the typical pattern for downward landslides,which typically start with a localised failure in proximity to the surcharge loads,followed by a combination of different types of failure mechanisms,including single flow slides,translational progressive landslides,progressive flow slides,and spread failures.Additionally,inclined shear bands occur within spread failures,often adopting distinctive ploughing patterns characterised by triangular shapes.The sensitive clay thickness at the base,the clay strength gradient,the sensitivity,and the softening rate significantly influence the failure mechanisms and the extent of diffused displacement.Remarkably,some of these effects mirror those observed in upward progressive landslides,underscoring the interconnectedness of these phenomena.This study contributes valuable insights into the complex dynamics of sensitive clay landslides,shedding light on the intricate interplay of factors governing their behaviour and progression.

Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(NMC)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary NMC particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more homogeneously.Besides,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress mitigation.This paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of NMC active particles mitigates stress levels.

Profiling Electronic and Phononic Band Structures of Semiconductors at Finite Temperatures: Methods and Applications

Semiconductor devices are often operated at elevated temperatures that are well above zero Kelvin,which is the temperature in most first-principles density functional calculations.Computational approaches to com-puting and understanding the properties of semiconductors at finite temperatures are thus in critical demand.In this review,we discuss the recent progress in computationally assessing the electronic and phononic band structures of semiconductors at finite temperatures.As an emerging semiconductor with particularly strong temperature-induced renormalization of the electronic and phononic band structures,halide perovskites are used as a representative example to demonstrate how computational advances may help to understand the band struc-tures at elevated temperatures.Finally,we briefly illustrate the remaining computational challenges and outlook promising research directions that may help to guide future research in this field.

Recurrent Neural Network Inspired Finite-Time Control Design

Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the role of recurrent neural networks(RNNs)on the controller design for a class of nonlinear systems.Inspired by the architectures of RNNs,the system states are stacked according to the dynamic along with time while the controller is represented as the neural network output.To build the bridge between RNNs and finite-time controller,a novel activation function is imposed on RNNs to drive the convergence of states at finite-time and propel the overall control process smoother.Rigorous stability proof is briefly provided for the convergence of the proposed finite-time controller.At last,a numerical simulation example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy.Neural networks can be classified as static(feedforward)and dynamic(recurrent)nets[1].The former nets do not perform well in dealing with training data and using any information of the local data structure[2].In contrast to the feedforward neural networks,RNNs are constituted by high dimensional hidden states with dynamics.

THE SUPERCLOSENESS OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR A SINGULARLY PERTURBED CONVECTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEM ON A BAKHVALOV-TYPE MESH IN 2D

For singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problems,supercloseness analysis of the finite element method is still open on Bakhvalov-type meshes,especially in the case of 2D.The difficulties arise from the width of the mesh in the layer adjacent to the transition point,resulting in a suboptimal estimate for convergence.Existing analysis techniques cannot handle these difficulties well.To fill this gap,here a novel interpolation is designed delicately for the smooth part of the solution,bringing about the optimal supercloseness result of almost order 2 under an energy norm for the finite element method.Our theoretical result is uniform in the singular perturbation parameterεand is supported by the numerical experiments.

Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEM Computational

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andmagnetic field.The temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the remaining walls remain cold.All walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip conditions.The mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity,momentum,and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic field.For elucidating the flow characteristics Finite ElementMethod(FEM)is implemented using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the domain.Velocity and thermal plots concerning parameters are drawn.In addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by monitoring changes in magnetic,viscous,total,and thermal irreversibility is provided.In addition,line graphs are created for the u and v components of the velocity profile to predict the flow behavior.Current simulations assume the dimensionless representative of magnetic field Hartmann number Ha between 0 and 100 and a magnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volume proportion of nanoparticles is employed throughout all scenarios.

On entire solutions of some Fermat type differential-difference equations

On one hand,we study the existence of transcendental entire solutions with finite order of the Fermat type difference equations.On the other hand,we also investigate the existence and growth of solutions of nonlinear differential-difference equations.These results extend and improve some previous in[5,14].

Electromagnetic responses on microstructures of duplex stainless steels based on 3D cellular and electromagnetic sensor finite element models

Microstructures determine mechanical properties of steels,but in actual steel product process it is difficult to accurately control the microstructure to meet the requirements.General microstructure characterization methods are time consuming and results are not rep-resentative for overall quality level as only a fraction of steel sample was selected to be examined.In this paper,a macro and micro coupled 3D model was developed for nondestructively characterization of steel microstructures.For electromagnetic signals analysis,the relative permeability value computed by the micro cellular model can be used in the macro electromagnetic sensor model.The effects of different microstructure components on the relative permeability of duplex stainless steel(grain size,phase fraction,and phase distribu-tion)were discussed.The output inductance of an electromagnetic sensor was determined by relative permeability values and can be val-idated experimentally.The findings indicate that the inductance value of an electromagnetic sensor at low frequency can distinguish dif-ferent microstructures.This method can be applied to real-time on-line characterize steel microstructures in process of steel rolling.

Effect of Size Change on Mechanical Properties of Monolayer Arsenene

The Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of monolayer arsenene with different sizes were calculated by finite element method, so as to explore the influence of dimension and orientation on the mechanical properties of monolayer arsenene. The calculation results show that the small size has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the monolayer arsenene. The smaller the size, the larger the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the monolayer arsenene. The size change has a great influence on the Young's modulus of the arsenene handrail direction, and the Young's modulus of the zigzag direction is not sensitive to the size change. Similarly, the size change has a significant effect on the shear modulus of arsenene in the handrail direction, while the shear modulus in the zigzag direction has no significant effect on its size change. For the Poisson's ratio, the situation is just the opposite, and the effect of the size change on the Poisson's ratio of the arsenene zigzag direction is greater than that of the handrail direction.

Tuning microstructures of TC4 ELI to improve explosion resistance

A reasonable heat treatment process for TC4 ELI titanium alloy is crucial to tune microstructures to improve its explosion resistance.However,there is limited investigation on tuning microstructures of TC4 ELI to improve explosion resistance.Moreover,the current challenge is quantifying microstructural changes'effects on explosion resistance and incorporating microstructural changes into finite element models.This work aims to tune microstructures to improve explosion resistance and elucidate their anti-explosion mechanism,and find a suitable method to incorporate microstructural changes into finite element models.In this work,we systematically study the deformation and failure characteristics of TC4 ELI plates with varying microstructures using an air explosion test and LS-DYNA finite element modeling.The Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive parameters are used to quantify the effects of microstructural changes on explosion resistance and incorporate microstructural changes into finite element models.Because of the heat treatment,one plate has equiaxed microstructure and the other has bimodal microstructure.The convex of the plate after the explosion has a quadratic relationship with the charge mass,and the simulation results demonstrate high reliability,with the error less than 17.5%.Therefore,it is feasible to obtain corresponding JC constitutive parameters based on the differences in microstructures and mechanical properties and characterize the effects of microstructural changes on explosion resistance.The bimodal target exhibits excellent deformation resistance.The response of bimodal microstructure to the shock wave may be more intense under explosive loading.The well-coordinated structure of the bimodal target enhances its resistance to deformation.

Study on Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloy

The dynamic mechanical behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated under different strain rates by mechanical property and microstructure characterization,constitutive behavior analysis and numerical simulation in the present study.As the strain rate increases,the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation increase first,then remain almost constant,and finally increase.The alloy always exhibits a typical ductile fracture mode,not depending on the strain rate.However,as the strain rate increases,the number of dimples gradually increases.Tensile deformation can refine grains,however,the grain structure is slightly affected by the strain rate.An optimized Johnson-Cook constitutive equation was used to describe the mechanical behavior and obtained by fitting the true stress-strain curves.The parameter C was described by a function related to the strain rate.The fitting true stress-strain curves by the JC model agree very well with the experimental true stress-strain curves.The true stress-strain curves calculated by the finite element numerical simulation agree well with the experimental true stress-strain curves.

Characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized plasma sheath and practical method for blackout mitigation

“Magnetic window”is considered as an effective method to solve the communication blackout issue.COMSOL software package based on the finite element method is utilized to simulate the propagation of right-handed circularly polarized wave in the magnetized plasma sheath.We assume a double Gaussian model of electron density and an exponential attenuation model of magnetic field.The propagation characteristics of right-handed circularly polarized wave are analyzed by the observation of the reflected,transmitted and loss coefficient.The numerical results show that the propagation of right-handed circularly polarized wave in the magnetized plasma sheath varies for different incident angles,collision frequencies,non-uniform magnetic fields and non-uniform plasma densities.We notice that reducing the wave frequency can meet the propagation conditions of whistle mode in the weak magnetized plasma sheath.And the transmittance of whistle mode is less affected by the variation of the electron density and the collision frequency.It can be used as a communication window.

Structural Analysis for Qazzaz Metamorphic Core Complex,Northwestern Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

Identifying deformational mechanisms and associated structures at various scales,ranging from regional-scale structures to microscopic fabric,is crucial for the assessment of tectonic development.Thirty-three samples were taken from the Qazzaz metamorphic core complex to estimate the finite strain for felsic and mafic minerals.These samples included gneisses rocks,monzogranite,and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks for both the Thalbah and Bayda groups.Using the Rf/j and Fry methods,the axial ratios(XZ)range about 2.20 to 7.10 and 1.90 to 9.10,respectively.For various rock units,the strain measurements show moderate to highly deformation.Most of the observed samples show shallow WNW dipping along a N to WNW trend of finite strain(X).The short axes(Z)based to be subvertical foliation related with a subhorizontal foliation.The results demonstrate that contacts generated at semi-brittle to ductile deformation and that the strain of magnitude has the same value for different lithologic units.It concluded that nappe generation in orogens results from pure shear deformation.

Modeling the Interaction between Vacancies and Grain Boundaries during Ductile Fracture

The experimental results in previous studies have indicated that during the ductile fracture of pure metals,vacancies aggregate and form voids at grain boundaries.However,the physical mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains not fully understood.This study derives the equilibrium distribution of vacancies analytically by following thermodynamics and the micromechanics of crystal defects.This derivation suggests that vacancies cluster in regions under hydrostatic compression to minimize the elastic strain energy.Subsequently,a finite element model is developed for examining more general scenarios of interaction between vacancies and grain boundaries.This model is first verified and validated through comparison with some available analytical solutions,demonstrating consistency between finite element simulation results and analytical solutions within a specified numerical accuracy.A systematic numerical study is then conducted to investigate the mechanism that might govern the micromechanical interaction between grain boundaries and the profuse vacancies typically generated during plastic deformation.The simulation results indicate that the reduction in total elastic strain energy can indeed drive vacancies toward grain boundaries,potentially facilitating void nucleation in ductile fracture.

A Wave Superposition-Finite Element Method for Calculating the Radiated Noise Generated by Volumetric Targets in Shallow Water

A combined method of wave superposition and finite element is proposed to solve the radiation noise of targets in shallow sea.Taking the sound propagation of spherical sound source in shallow sea as an example,the radiation sound field of the spherical sound source is equivalent to the linear superposition of the radiation sound field of several internal point sound sources,and then the radiated noise induced by spherical sound source can be predicted quickly.The accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified by comparing with the numerical results of finite element method,and the rapid prediction of underwater radiated noise of cylindrical shell is carried out based on the method.The results show that compared with the finite element method,the relative error of the calculation results under different simulation conditions does not exceed 0.1%,and the calculation time is about 1/10 of the finite element method,so this method can be used to solve the radiated noise of shallow underwater targets.