Research Progress in Flame Retardant in Flame Retardant Coatings

Flame retardant coatings are functional materials that can serve as decorative and protec-tive substrates in the event of a fire.Flame retardant coatings generally consist of two parts:a base material and a flame retardant agent.A detailed introduction was given to the development of flame retardant coatings in recent years and the flame retardants used in flame retardant coatings.Flame retardants mainly include halogen flame retar-dants,phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants,expansion flame retardants,biomass flame retardants,and graphene flame retardants.The application of flame retardant coatings in the fields of epoxy resin,polyurethane,etc.was elaborated.In addition,the application of new biomass flame retardants and graphene flame retardants was introduced,and the future development of flame retardant coatings and flame retardants was described.

聚苯胺-碳化硅复合材料在膨胀型防火涂料中的应用

膨胀型防火涂料在阻隔基材迅速升温方面具有明显效果。试验合成了聚苯胺-碳化硅(PANI-SiC)复合材料,通过SEM、FTIR、XRD等手段分析了复合材料的形貌、组成和结构,考察了单组分膨胀型防火涂料乳液的种类及复合材料含量对涂层防火耐火性能的影响。结果表明:醋酸乙烯-乙烯(VAE)乳液相比于苯丙乳液和丙烯酸乳液可以更好地提升涂层的膨胀倍率和耐火性能。随着PANI-SiC含量的增加,涂层的膨胀倍率增加,背面温度降低,10%含量复合材料的防火涂层表现出优异的耐火性能。

含磷苯并噁嗪UV-LED固化防火涂层

为了获得低吸水率的防火涂层,合成了含磷苯并噁嗪,并将其用于制备环氧丙烯酸酯涂料,以LED-385 nm为光源对涂料进行光固化,研究了涂层的防火性能、附着力、铅笔硬度、耐酸碱性和耐水性。为了降低防火涂层中含磷元素的用量,同时保持涂层的防火性能,在上述体系中引入了盐酸多巴胺,并在此基础上探索了磷氮协同作用对涂层性能的影响。结果表明:2种含磷苯并噁嗪衍生物(DPOBH和DOPOBH)中,DPOBH对涂层防火性能、附着力和硬度的提升作用优于DOPOBH。添加3.7%DPOBH的涂层(EA/DPOBH3.7)的UL-94为V-0等级,硬度为B,附着力为1级,酸质量损失率仅为0.40%,碱质量损失率为2.13%,吸水率仅为0.82%。添加0.5%盐酸多巴胺所得涂层(EA/DPOBH3.5-N0.5)的UL-94为V-0等级,硬度为2H,附着力为1级,耐酸碱性提升。综上可知,在含磷苯并噁嗪环氧丙烯酸酯光固化涂层中磷氮协同作用可有效提升环氧丙烯酸酯涂层的防火性能和耐酸碱性能,降低吸水率。

An Effective Green Porous Structural Adhesive for Thermal Insulating,Flame-Retardant,and Smoke-Suppressant Expandable Polystyrene Foam

To develop an efficient way to overcome the contradiction among flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and thermal insulation in expanded polystyrene(EPS)foams,which are widely used insulation materials in buildings,a novel"green"porous bio-based flame-retard ant starch(FRS)coating was designed from starch modified with phytic acid(PA)that simultaneously acts as both a flame retardant and an adhesive.This porous FRS coating has open pores,which,in combination with the closed cells formed by EPS beads,create a hierarchically porous structure in FRS-EPS that results in superior thermal insulation with a lower thermal conductivity of 27.0 mW·(m·K)^(-1).The resultant FRS-EPS foam showed extremely low heat-release rates and smoke-production release,indicating excellent fire retardancy and smoke suppression.The specific optical density was as low as 121,which was 80.6%lower than that of neat EPS,at 624.The FRS-EPS also exhibited self-extinguishing behavior in vertical burning tests and had a high limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 35.5%.More interestingly,after being burnt with an alcohol lamp for 30 min,the top side temperature of the FRS-EPS remained at only 140℃with ignition,thereby exhibiting excellent fire resistance.Mechanism analysis confirmed the intumescent action of FRS,which forms a compact phosphorus-rich hybrid barrier,and the phosphorus-containing compounds that formed in the gas phase contributed to the excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression of FRS-EPS.This novel porous biomass-based FRS system provides a promising strategy for fabricating polymer foams with excellent flame retardancy,smoke suppression,and thermal insulation.

Comparison of electrochemical properties of atmospheric pressure plasma coatings for Al_2O_3-3TiO_2 and CoNiCrAlY in sea water

To improve the durability of underwater rotating products,the corrosion characteristics in harsh marine environment were evaluated through various electrochemical experiments on the Al2O3-3TiO2 and CoNiCrAlY coating layers by atmospheric pressure plasma spray coating process.By evaluating the corrosion resistance of these materials,their applicability to environmentally friendly power generation equipment such as blades of tidal current turbines was examined.According to the Tafel analysis for micro-areas including the coating layer,the coating/metal interlayer and the base metal,the Al2O3-3TiO2 coating layer and the CoNiCrAlY coating layer show markedly lower corrosion current density than the base metal.The corrosion current density of the CoNiCrAlY coating layer (9.75316×10-8A/cm2) is about 1.6 times more than that of the Al2O3-3TiO2 coating layer (6.13139×10-8A/cm2).

X-ray diffraction study of effect of deposition conditions on α-β phase transition and stress evolution in sputter-deposited W coatings

Pure W and W-Cu-W trilayer coatings were deposited on an Fe substrate by d.c. magnetron sputtering. The α-β phase evolution, intragranular stress evolution in sputter-deposited W layer were investigated by x-ray diffraction. They are directly related to the film microstructure, density and adhesion. Therefore, control of the film stress and phase component transition is essential for its applications. The phase component transition from β-W to α-W and intragranular stress evolution from tensile to compressive strongly depend on the deposition parameters and can be induced by lowering Ar pressure and rising target power. The compressively stressed films with α-W phase have a dense microstructure and high adhesion to Fe substrate.

Influence of Microstructures on Thermal Shock and Sintering Behavior of YSZ-based Thermal Barrier Coatings

In this study, two thermal barrier coatings based on YSZ were produced by using a commercially available agglomerated and sintered powder and a special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling. Both thermal barrier coatings exhibited similar overall porosities, but significantly different microstructures. Application of the special spray powder prepared by high energy ball milling led to a microstructure with numerous inclusions of semi-molten agglomerates, which introduced a plethora of clusters of fine pores into the coating and several more microstructural defects. This microstructure resulted in a significantly better thermal shock behavior compared to the conventional thermal barrier coating. The heat treatment of both thermal barrier coatings atθ=1150℃for t=100 h led to a sintering of both coatings. The results were reduced overall porosity and significantly increased fracture toughness. A correlation between the fracture toughness of both coatings after the heat treatment and the thermal shock life time could not be identified.

A Review on Self-Cleaning Coatings for Tunnels

Self-cleaning coatings for tunnels can effectively remove dust and stains accumulated over the surface of tunnel linings and their appurtenances due to the closed environment and poor ventilation.This paper systematically introduces the current research status of self-cleaning coatings for tunnels,focusing on the development of super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coatings,superamphiphobic self-cleaning coatings,exhaust gas degradation coatings,fire retardant coatings,and tunnel de-icing coatings.The advantages and disadvantages of the five functional coatings are then briefly described,and the problems of self-cleaning coatings for tunnels at the present stage are pointed out.Finally,the development direction of self-cleaning coatings for tunnels is proposed to provide a reference for the research and application of self-cleaning coatings for tunnels.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

Highly Transparent Fire-resistant Coatings with Intumescent Three-source Integration

Wood,a readily available and sustainable natural resource,has found widespread use in construction and furniture.However,its inherent flammability poses a potential fire risk.Although intumescent fire-retardant coatings effectively mitigate this risk,achieving high transparency in such coatings presents a significant challenge.In our approach,we employed a cross-linked network of phytic acid anion and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium cation to create a transparent"three-in-one"intumescent coating.The collaborative P/N/Si flame-retardant effect markedly improved the intumescent char-forming capability,preventing the wood from rapid decomposition.This resulted in a substantial reduction in heat release(13.9%decrease in THR)and an increased limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 35.5%.Crucially,the high transparency of the coating ensured minimal impact on the wood's appearance,allowing the natural wood grains to remain clearly visible.This innovative approach provides a straightforward method for developing transparent intumescent flame-retardant coatings suitable for wooden substrates.The potential applications extend to preserving ancient buildings and heritage conservation efforts.

Flame-retardant and antibacterial flexible polyurethane foams with high resilience based on a P/N/Si-containing system

In this work,the coatings used phosphorylated chitosan(PCS)and GP-108 via the dip-coating method presented exceptional flame retardancy and antibacterial properties for flexible polyurethane foams(FPUF).PCS/GP@FPUF with 35%weight gain of PCS/GP can receive the UL-94 V-0 rating and obtain a 32%reduction of peak heat release rate value compared with that of FPUF,and it remains relatively dense char residues.The effective heat of combustion of PCS/GP@FPUF is 21.6 kJ/g,presenting a 22%decrease compared with that of FPUF.Meanwhile,the PCS/GP coatings mainly have the condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism associated with the analysis of char residues and the volatile products released through the thermal degradation process.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirm that the char residues of PCS/GP@FPUF consist of highly-graphitized carbon and it formed P-N-Si synergistic char lay-ers.In addition,the antibacterial rates of PCS/GP@FPUF against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)are 99.99%,and the incorporation of GP-108 does not influence the antibacterial proper-ties of PCS.Importantly,the resiliency of FPUFs has been slightly influenced.Briefly,the flame-retardant and antibacterial FPUFs with wonderful resiliency are hopeful to be applied as filler materials for vehicle seats and obtain longer service lives.

有机-无机复合膨胀型防火涂层的制备及作用机理

以P-N-C型膨胀阻燃体系的有机涂层作为内层,液体硅酸钠和Al(OH)_(3)膨胀体系的无机涂层作为外层,制备了一种复合型钢结构防火涂层。通过模拟大板燃烧法及扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、X射线衍射等技术研究了复合涂层的防火性能和防火膨胀机理。结果表明,制得的复合涂层在遇火后会形成外部陶瓷层包裹内部炭层的复合膨胀层,其中外部陶瓷层坚硬致密,内部炭层均匀多孔,能够长时间有效隔绝热量的传递和有害气体的逸出。经过60 min耐火试验后,复合涂层的钢板背温为213℃,膨胀倍率为15.65,表现出良好的防火性能。

Properties of Polyurethane Coatings Based on Linseed Oil Phosphate Ester Polyol

Linseed oil was epoxidized using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acetic acid (AcOH) and ion exchange resin AmberliteIR-120 as a catalyst. Epoxidized oil was separately dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or diethylene glycol butylether (DGBE) and phosphorylated with different amounts of phosphoric (H3PO4) acid (1%, 2%, 3% and 5%). Theformation of phosphate polyesters was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and 31P nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Based on the synthesized polyols, polyurethane (PU) coatings were prepared.PU coating based on linseed oil diethylene glycol ester polyol was used as the reference. For the characterizationof coatings, mechanical tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used. The flammability parameters ofwood samples with PU coatings at a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 were determined. It was found that PU coatings basedon IPA polyols had higher mechanical characteristics, char residue upon thermal decomposition and flameretardancy.

Structure of Micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr Coating and Cavitation Erosion Resistance in NaCl Solution

Cavitation erosion （CE） is the predominant cause for the failure of overflow components in fluid machinery. Advanced coatings have provided an effective solution to cavitation erosion due to the rapid development of surface engineering techniques. However, the influence of coating structures on CE resistance has not been sys- tematically studied. To better understand their relationship, micro-nano and conventional WC-10Co4Cr cermet coat- ings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel spray- ing（HVOF）, and their microstructures are analyzed by OM, SEM and XRD. Meanwhile, characterizations of mechan- ical and electrochemical properties of the coatings are carried out, as well as the coatings＇ resistance to CE in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution, and the cavitation mechanisms are explored. Results show that micro-nano WC-10Co4Cr coating possesses dense microstructure, excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties, with very low porosity of 0.26 4-0.07% and extraordinary fracture toughness of 5.58 4-0.51 MPa.m1/2. Moreover, the CE resistance of micro-nano coating is enhanced above 50% than conventional coating at the steady CE period in 3.5 wt % NaC1 solution. The superior CE resistance of micro- nano WC-10Co4Cr coating may originate from the unique micro-nano structure and properties, which can effectively obstruct the formation and propagation of CE crack. Thus,a new method is proposed to enhance the CE resistance of WC-10Co4Cr coating by manipulating the microstructure.

MFA微球悬浮液-硅溶胶后整理棉织物阻燃性能和机理分析

以三聚氰胺(MEL)、甲醛(FM)和5-单磷酸腺苷(AMP)为原料通过缩合反应制备MFA微球,将其浸入海藻酸钠(SA,分散剂)溶液中形成SA-MFA悬浮液。以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体通过脱水缩聚制备SiO2溶胶。通过浸渍-烘燥法依次将SA-MFA悬浮液和SiO2溶胶后整理于棉织物。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分别表征后整理棉织物表面微观形貌和表面官能团,利用热重(TG)分析仪、极限氧指数(LOI)仪、锥形量热计(CC)和SEM分别表征后整理棉织物热解特性、可燃性、对火反应特性和LOI试验后残炭表面微观形貌。结果表明:较之原始棉织物,样品SA-MFA-SiO2@COT阻燃性能相对最优,其热解残炭率(46.39%)和LOI值(28.0%)分别提高520.18%和55.55%,其热释放速率峰值(PHRR,114.67 kW/m2)和总释放热(THR,5.09 MJ/m2)分别下降31.67%和37.35%。在燃烧过程中,MFA微球和SA受热分解促进棉纤维脱水炭化释放出NH_(3)、CO_(2)和H_(2)O等难燃性气体,吸热冷却和稀释可燃气体浓度;SiO_(2)凝胶涂层吸热缩聚,发挥物理屏障和结构支撑效应,阻挡热量、氧气和气态产物传递;成分间具有明显协同阻燃效应。

Transient liquid assisted nucleation mechanism of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) in coated conductor films derived by BaF_2 process

It is significant for low-cost preparation of YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO） coated conductors to make clear the mechanism of orientation, copper segregation, and nucleation density in BaF2-derived YBCO crystallization. In the present work,a distinct nucleation mechanism was proposed based on a transient liquid phase induced by the size effect as well as near-equilibrium assumption. With this scheme the nucleation of YBCO prepared by metal–organic deposition（MOD） or the physical vapor deposition BaF2 process was semi-quantitatively analyzed, revealing that the direct driving force for nucleation is YBCO supersaturation in the liquid phase. The theoretical analysis on the nucleation orientation portion is evidenced by the experimental result.

Protection Performance of Plasma Sprayed Al_(2)O_(3)-13 wt%TiO_(2) Coating Sealed with an Organic-inorganic Hybrid Agent

An organic-inorganic hybrid sealing agent was fabricated and used in the plasma sprayed Al_(2)O_(3)-13 wt%TiO_(2)coating,and conventional silicone agent was also used for comparison.Protection performance of the coatings was comprehensively evaluated based on both anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling properties.The results reveal that the sealing treatment is remarkably useful to decrease the porosity of the coating,and the porosity of the coating sealed with the hybrid agent is only 0.035%.Immersion corrosion test and Tafel polarization test reveal that the sealed coating with the hybrid agent exhibits a better corrosion resistance by compared with the coating sealed with silicone agent.The corrosion current density i_(corr) of the hybrid agent sealed coating is only 0.7×10^(-6)A·cm^(-2).Moreover,anti-biofouling tests both in the outdoor analogue hydraulic environment and in the natural marine environment prove that the mentioned novel coating presents a better combination of corrosion resistance and anti-biofouling property by compared with the other coatings,and it could be used as a protection of metal components in the marine environment.

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定防火涂料中的苯系物

采用气相色谱-质谱法对防火涂料中的苯系物进行测定,考察了不同的色谱柱、萃取溶剂、萃取方法以及萃取温度对检测结果的影响,确定以甲醇作为萃取溶剂,经30℃超声提取(样品前处理),采用DB-WAX色谱柱分离,用质谱检测器定性、外标法定量,可实现防火涂料中苯系物的快速分析检测。研究试验表明,10种苯系物在1.0~60.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,线性关系良好,检出限为0.1 mg/kg,苯系物的加标回收率在90.0%~108.0%,相对标准偏差在0.9%~7.8%之间,方法的准确度和精密度较高,适用于防火涂料中10种苯系物的同时测定。

Self - Crosslinking Behavior of Self - Emulsion Water - Based Polyure-thane Coating Agents

The relation between structures and properties of polyurethane are investigated by modern physical and chemical methods.The results obtained are as follows:the effects of the content of self-crosslinking agent on the properties of polyurethane,i.e.,dispersion stability,dynamical viscoelasticity and mechanical properties are discussed.It is found that the optimum molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and diethylenetriamine is 1:2.A mois-

Coating Resistant Refractory Castables YB/T 4193-20091

1 Scope This standard specifies the term, definition, classification, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedures, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of coating resistant refractory eastables.