The Complete Stress-strain Curve of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.

Determination of ultimate bearing capacity of uplift piles using intact and non-intact load−displacement curve

Based on the field destructive test of six rock-socketed piles with shallow overburden,three prediction models are used to quantitatively analyze and predict the intact load−displacement curve.The predicted values of ultimate uplift capacity were further determined by four methods(displacement controlling method(DCM),reduction coefficient method(RCM),maximum curvature method(MCM),and critical stiffness method(CSM))and compared with the measured value.Through the analysis of the relationship between the change rate of pullout stiffness and displacement,a method used to determine the ultimate uplift capacity via non-intact load−displacement curve was proposed.The results show that the predicted value determined by DCM is more conservative,while the predicted value determined by MCM is larger than the measured value.This suggests that RCM and CSM in engineering applications can be preferentially applied.Moreover,the development law of the change rate of pullout stiffness with displacement agrees well with the attenuation form of power function.The theoretical predicted results of ultimate uplift capacity based on the change rate of pullout stiffness will not be affected by the integrity of the curve.The method is simple and applicable for the piles that are not loaded to failure state,and thus provides new insights into ultimate uplift capacity determination of test piles.

An analytical p-y curve method based on compressive soil pressure model in sand soil

With the high-quality development of urban buildings,higher requirements are come up with for lateral bearing capacity of laterally loaded piles.Consequently,a more accurate analysis to predict the lateral response of the pile within an allowable displacement is an important issue.However,the current p-y curve methods cannot fully take into account the pile-soil interaction,which will lead to a large calculation difference.In this paper,a new analytical p-y curve is established and a finite difference method for determining the lateral response of pile is proposed,which can consider the separation effect of pile-soil interface and the coefficient of circumferential friction resistance.In particular,an analytical expression is developed to determine the compressive soil pressure by dividing the compressive soil pressure into two parts:initial compressive soil pressure and increment of compressive soil pressure.In addition,the relationship between compressive soil pressure and horizontal displacement of the pile is established based on the reasonable assumption.The correctness of the proposed method is verified through four examples.Based on the verified method,a parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the influences of factors on lateral response of the pile,including internal friction angle,pile length and elastic modulus of pile.

Numerical modeling of centrifuge cyclic lateral pile load experiments

To gain insight into the inelastic behavior of piles, the response of a vertical pile embedded in dry sand and subjected to cyclic lateral loading was studied experimentally in centrifuge tests conducted in Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees. Three types of cyclic loading were applied, two asymmetric and one symmetric with respect to the unloaded pile. An approximately square-root variation of soil stiffness with depth was obtained from indirect in-flight density measurements, laboratory tests on reconstituted samples, and well-established empirical correlations. The tests were simulated using a cyclic nonlinear Winkler spring model, which describes the full range of inelastic phenomena, including separation and re-attachment of the pile from and to the soil. The model consists of three mathematical expressions capable of reproducing a wide variety of monotonic and cyclic experimentalp-y curves. The physical meaning of key model parameters is graphically explained and related to soil behavior. Comparisons with the centrifuge test results demonstrate the general validity of the model and its ability to capture several features of pile-soil interaction, including： soil plastification at an early stage of loading, ＂pinching＂ behavior due to the formation of a relaxation zone around the upper part of the pile, and stiffness and strength changes due to cyclic loading. A comparison of the p-y curves derived from the test results and the proposed model, as well as those from the classical curves of Reese et al. （1974） for sand, is also presented.

Calculation of foundation pit deformation caused by deep excavation considering influence of loading and unloading

A new analytical solution for ground surface settlement induced by deep excavation is proposed based on the elastic half space Melan’s solution,and the analytical model is related to the physical and mechanical properties of soil with the loading and unloading action during excavation process.The change law of earth pressure of the normal consolidation soil after the foundation pit excavation was analyzed,and elastic displacement calculation methods of analytic solution were further established given the influence of excavation and unloading.According to the change of stress state in the excavation process of foundation pit,the planar mechanical analysis model of the foundation excavation problem was established.By combining this model with the physical equations and geometric equations of plane strain problem with consideration of the loading and unloading modulus of soil,constitutive equation of the plane strain problem was also established.The loading and unloading modulus formula was obtained by using the parameter calculation method in Duncan-Chang curve model.The constitutive equation obtained from the model was used to calculate the soil stress state of each point to determine its loading and unloading modulus.Finally,the foundation pit displacement change after excavation was calculated,and thus the soil pressure distribution after retaining structure deformation.The theoretical results calculated by making corresponding programs were applied to engineering practice.By comparing the conventional calculation results with monitoring results,the practicability and feasibility of the calculation model were verified,which should provide a theoretical basis for similar projects.

Analysis of pile load-transfer under pile-side softening

A set of analytical equations for the variation of the axial force along depth and the pile-top load-settle-ment curve were established, using tri-linear softening model to pile-side soil and bilinear hardening model to pile-end soil . Influences of the pile-side and pile-end soil behavior on the load-settlement curve were discussed, indica-ting that the lowering reason for the variation step degree of the axial force along depth is the softening of the pile-side soil to result in the side friction lowering when the pile-top load is increased. To verify the reliability of thismethod, the parameters used in calculation are obtained from the test in Zhuzhou area. The obtained results are thencompared with the tested results. Contrast shows that the calculated results and the tested values are very close,which illustrates that the proposed method is reliable.

串珠状溶洞数量影响灌注桩顶部水平受拉特性试验研究

采用室内模型试验,对比研究串珠状溶洞数量对灌注桩顶部水平受拉特性的影响,为岩溶强发育区嵌岩桩的水平承载力设计提供试验依据.结果表明:1)桩顶水平荷载相同时,上部土层段桩身水平位移、桩身弯矩(峰值)、桩侧土抗力随溶洞数量的增多而增大,单桩水平承载力随溶洞数量增多而明显减弱.2)上部土层段桩身水平位移随桩顶水平荷载增大而增大,桩顶水平位移最大,嵌岩段很小甚至为0;弯矩M-深度z曲线整体呈抛物线形,桩身弯矩在土岩界面和上层溶洞与底板界面呈现2个峰值,弯矩的变化仅仅影响到上层溶洞及其底板,第2层溶洞及其以下的弯矩几乎为0,土岩界面弯矩最大、截面最危险;土抗力p-深度z曲线呈“凸肚”形.3)溶洞数量增加,位置越高,p-y曲线越容易收敛,可以采用p/pub=α(y/y50)β拟合土层段的桩身p-y曲线.溶洞数量对α与β值变化幅度的影响较小,α与β值变化幅度体现p-y曲线随深度变化的敏感度,两者敏感度随溶洞数量增多而增大.4)工程桩刺穿串珠状溶洞时,为了提高单桩水平抗拉能力,建议采用注浆法改善上部岩土性质,加大土岩界面处桩身配筋率,并将桩身嵌入上层溶洞底板一定深度,防止基桩在土岩界面处发生弯曲破坏.

常泰长江大桥组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究

常泰长江大桥索塔锚固结构采用钢箱-核芯混凝土组合结构,为研究该新型组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造的受力特性,进行钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究。制作2个锚固结构足尺节段试验模型,通过压剪试验研究锚固结构的荷载~滑移曲线及应力、应变分布等受力特性,并通过有限元模型分析锚固结构的传力机理和各组件的内力分配比例,推导剪力钉剪力计算方法。结果表明:在2.14倍单索最大索力荷载作用下,锚固结构保持弹性状态,钢壁板未产生明显滑移,钢-混界面最大滑移不超过0.25 mm,该锚固结构中钢-混传剪构造至少具有2.14倍的安全系数;荷载作用下,剪力钉剪力从上至下逐渐增大,锚腹板附近底部3排剪力钉剪力较大,钢-混传剪构造至少存在剪力钉和界面摩擦力2种传剪机制,钢-混传剪构造的承载能力显著提高;钢-混传剪构造受力过程分为粘结力传力阶段和局部滑移阶段,剪力钉剪力分布不仅与沿剪切方向长度分布有关,也与荷载的大小线性相关。

UH模型超固结状态演化分析及离心模型试验验证

本构模型是土力学求解强度变形问题的关键。研究揭示了剑桥模型在超临界侧强度过高、超固结状态下无法应力三维化、应力应变关系发生突变等存在的问题,分析了UH模型建立的超固结状态耦合演化机制及在弹塑性理论框架下实现的超固结状态与正常固结状态计算理论的统一,并基于三轴试验预测证明了UH模型能更加合理地描述超固结状态下土的应力应变关系。通过开展载荷板离心模型试验以及数值模拟验证可以发现,相较于剑桥模型,UH模型计算的地基土荷载变形曲线、侧压力系数分布更加准确,其本质是单元的应力应变关系更加科学、合理。研究证明UH模型的应用能显著提高超固结状态土体强度变形计算的准确性和实用性,对复杂岩土工程问题的计算求解具有重要理论价值和实践意义。

基于Hoek-Brown准则的岩体高温-荷载耦合损伤模型及其验证

针对隧道岩体在高温和荷载共同作用下产生的耦合损伤问题,基于连续损伤力学理论,引入高温-荷载耦合损伤因子,建立了考虑高温作用的广义Hoek-Brown(H-B)准则的弹塑性损伤本构模型,解决了模型在数值积分过程中的奇异点问题,并利用Fortran语言编写了模型的有限元程序。结果表明:模型计算的应力-应变曲线与试验所得到的曲线趋势一致且计算结果误差在5%以内,温度作用下隧洞围岩损伤逐渐加剧,验证了模型的准确性和程序的稳健性,可为火灾作用下隧道围岩安全稳定性评价提供一种有效计算方法。

软基中多向受荷大直径单桩桩土相互作用试验研究

为了研究多向循环受荷大直径单桩的水平变形响应及桩土相互作用机理,开展多向受荷大直径单桩的1g大比尺模型试验,探讨不同竖向和水平循环荷载比下的桩侧受力及变形响应.试验结果表明,施加竖向循环荷载会增大桩身水平位移的发展速率;最大弯矩出现在2.0倍桩径深度处,随着循环次数的增大,桩身弯矩表现出减小的趋势;在循环荷载作用下,最大土抗力所在的位置随着循环次数的增大逐渐从1.5倍桩径深度处向2.0倍桩径深度处移动,循环土体抗力-桩身水平变形(p-y)曲线的退化主要发生在表层土体;施加竖向循环荷载会增大桩土界面的初始刚度,但同时也会加速桩土体系的刚度退化.建议在海上风电大直径单桩的设计中,特别注意竖向循环荷载对长期循环荷载作用下桩身位移及桩土相互作用的不利影响.

分散决策下分布式光伏储能系统外部性价值量化评估

近年来,随着分布式光伏补贴的逐渐下降和储能技术的日益成熟,分布式光伏储能系统已逐渐成为能源结构转型的关键性环节之一。然而,不同于传统集中式优化规划框架,大规模分布式光伏储能用户分散决策模式下其自利性行为对整体系统运行效率的影响及其外部性价值评估方法仍有待进一步研究。为此,构建了计及分布式光伏储能投资决策的双层模型来模拟需求侧市场成员分散决策行为与系统整体运行的交互关系,以量化分析分布式光伏储能系统的外部性价值。进而,从个体层和系统层两维度设计了市场运营评估指标体系。最后,基于实际系统数据验证了所提模型的有效性。

水平循环荷载下嵌岩单桩基础受力特性试验研究

为保障嵌岩单桩基础海上风机的长期安全运行,试验研究了嵌岩单桩基础与土质地基单桩基础的受力特性差异,通过室内1g模型试验分析了地层性质、荷载条件对桩基承载力与受力特性的影响规律。结果表明:对于长径比较小的单桩基础,底部嵌岩时桩基水平刚度和承载力较无嵌岩情况提升显著;水平单调循环加载作用下,桩顶累积位移在开始的数十个循环中快速发展,后期逐渐趋于稳定;底部嵌岩时,桩顶的累积位移存在平衡状态;循环加载初期,桩基刚度均随循环荷载作用次数增加而增大,主要表现为砂土的振密效应,砂土密实后,结构刚度基本稳定;在循环荷载幅值较大时,强风化地基中的桩-岩界面在加载后期损伤脱离,桩基刚度有所下降;水平加载试验中,底部嵌岩单桩桩身弯矩最大位置始终高于无嵌岩情况;无论嵌岩与否,桩身最大弯矩位置均随荷载循环加载次数增加而有所下降;对于嵌入不同风化程度岩石的单桩,循环加载后再静力加载至桩基破坏,其最终破坏模式存在明显差异。

FRP-钢组合板本构模型研究

为探讨FRP-钢组合板的抗拉性能,文中根据复合材料混合理论,提出FRP-钢组合板应力-应变本构模型。考虑FRP与钢板不同材料用量的影响,制作4组8个FRP-钢组合板试件,进行单轴拉伸试验。通过试验得到破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线,结果表明组合板均发生FRP拉断破坏。最后推出组合板的应力-应变关系,与理论模型进行对比,二者吻合较好,表明文中提出的理论模型能较准确描述拉伸作用下组合板的本构模型,为FRP-钢组合板的设计和应用提供依据。

基于尖点突变模型确定静载试验的基桩极限承载力

利用静载试验的荷载-沉降曲线确定基桩极限承载力的分析方法很多,但至今尚未找到合理、有理论依据的确定基桩极限承载力的评判方法。因此,尝试利用尖点突变模型分析基桩静载试验的荷载-沉降曲线来评判基桩极限承载力;利用Matlab软件直接拟合静载试验的荷载-沉降曲线,以突变特征值为评价标准,确定基桩极限承载力。研究表明:(1)对比分析目前常用的尖点突变模型求解方法与文章提出的直接拟合法,发现目前常用的一般求解法存在不稳定性、误判等不足,评判结果与静载试验实际情形不符;(2)直接拟合法求得的势函数具有唯一性、首位性、单调性等特征,计算结果与基桩静载试验的实际情况相符,解决了一般求解法存在不稳定性、误判等问题,且比现行基桩检测规范计算结果更为安全。研究结果为较大直径基桩在缓变形情形下,以0.05D桩顶沉降量为标准确定基桩极限承载力提供了理论依据。

交变双轴加载下钛合金微动磨损的仿真及试验研究

微动磨损是导致机械连接结构失效的主要形式之一。目前大多数研究都在恒定法向接触载荷工况下开展。然而实际工程中,广泛存在着可变法向载荷和轴向载荷的多轴加载工况,导致目前恒定法向载荷下微动磨损的研究结果不能很好地解释多轴交变加载工况下的微动磨损行为。因此,以钛合金的微动磨损为例,进行了交变双轴加载下微动磨损的仿真分析和试验测试研究。首先,建立了受循环交变双轴加载作用下的微动磨损模型;然后,对不同法向载荷幅值、位移载荷幅值、双轴加载相位差下的微动磨损行为进行了仿真,并根据Q-P曲线分析方法对这些复杂微动情况下的微动磨损机制进行了讨论;最后,在双轴加载的微动磨损试验机上进行了双轴微动磨损试验,验证了该有限元模型磨损形貌的合理性。研究结果表明:交变法向载荷的磨损形貌不同于恒定法向载荷的磨损形貌,交变下法向载荷均值与恒定法向载荷保持不变,交变法向载荷下的磨损深度及宽度均大于恒定法向载荷下的磨损深度及宽度。位移幅值和相位差一定,随着法向载荷幅值的增大,磨损宽度和深度均增加,磨损形貌由“W”型转变为“W+V”型;法向载荷幅值和相位差一定,磨损宽度和深度均随位移幅值的增大而增大;法向载荷幅值和位移幅值一定,改变双轴加载相位差,0°相位差最大磨损深度出现在接触后缘,180°相位差最大磨损深度出现在接触前缘,90°和270°相位差的前、后缘磨损深度极大值接近。

风荷载作用下模块化装配式建筑结构响应分析

模块化装配式结构是目前高层建筑新兴的高效施工方法,而风荷载是影响高层建筑安全的主要因素。文中针对模块化装配式建筑结构在风荷载作用下的响应进行分析,结合装配式建筑结构模型,明确了高层建筑关键节点位移响应振型和位移进行特征。结果表明,风荷载作用下装配式结构振动周期最大值为1.67 s,变形方向主要在风荷载施加方向,且位移变化范围为-24.82~29.48 mm。

低周往复荷载下现浇异形曲面桥墩受力特性研究

某城市桥梁的下部支撑结构设计为异形曲面墩,由于独特的几何构型和较高的抗震设防要求,采用混凝土塑性损伤模型(CDP)对低周往复荷载下该结构的受力特性进行分析,得到了墩柱的损伤情况,对CDP模型中的重要参数对结构滞回特性的影响进行敏感性研究,根据结果讨论了参数的合理取值范围,此研究方法及相关结论对类似结构的抗震设计有一定的借鉴价值。

交通荷载引起的高速铁路动力响应分析

文章以石太高速铁路改扩建工程为研究背景,通过有限元模型对交通荷载引起的高速铁路动力响应展开深入分析。通过研究列车速度增加对基床和路堤各部位的竖向动应力和竖向动位移的影响,揭示了列车速度和深度对动力响应的影响。结果显示,随着列车速度的增加,土壤受到的动应力和变形变化逐渐增大,然而在列车速度小于250 km/h时,动应力和变形变化增幅较小;深度越大,衰减率越大,而列车速度越快,衰减率越小。

基于日负荷曲线的负荷分类和综合建模

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