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Patent-based technological developments and surfactants application of lithium-ion batteries fire-extinguishing agent 被引量:2
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作者 Jianqi Zhang Tao Fan +4 位作者 Shuai Yuan Chongye Chang Kuo Wang Ziwei Song Xinming Qian 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期39-63,I0002,共26页
While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application... While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application of surfactants in different LIBs extinguishing agents,particularly in terms of patented technologies.The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the technological progress of LIBs and LIBs extinguishing agents in terms of patents in Korea,Japan,Europe,the United States,China,etc.The initial part of this review paper is sort out LIBs technology development in different regions.In addition,to compare LIBs extinguishing agent progress and challenges of liquid,solid,combination of multiple,and microencapsulated.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis dedicated to the efficiency and challenges faced by the surfactants corresponding design principles of LIBs extinguishing agents,such as nonionic and anionic surfactants.A total of 451,760 LIBs-related patent and 20 LIBs-fire-extinguishing agent-related patent were included in the analyses.The extinguishing effect,cooling performance,and anti-recombustion on different agents have been highlighted.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents,this review suggests that temperature-sensitive hydrogel extinguishing agent is ideal for the effective control of LIBs fire.The progress and challenges of surfactants have been extensively examined,focusing on key factors such as surface activity,thermal stability,foaming properties,environmental friendliness,and electrical conductivity.Moreover,it is crucial to emphasize that the selection of a suitable surfactant must align with the extinguishing strategy of the extinguishing agent for optimal firefighting effectiveness. 展开更多
关键词 LIBS fire-extinguishing agent SURFACTANTS PATENT
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Dynamic response of honeycomb-FGS shells subjected to the dynamic loading using non-polynomial higher-order IGA
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作者 Pham Binh Le Trung-Thanh Tran 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期149-161,共13页
The main goal of this study is to use higher-order isogeometric analysis(IGA)to study the dynamic response of sandwich shells with an auxetic honeycomb core and two different functionally graded materials(FGM)skin lay... The main goal of this study is to use higher-order isogeometric analysis(IGA)to study the dynamic response of sandwich shells with an auxetic honeycomb core and two different functionally graded materials(FGM)skin layers(namely honeycomb-FGS shells)subjected to dynamic loading.Touratier's non-polynomial higher-order shear deformation theory(HSDT)is used due to its simplicity and performance.The governing equation is derived from Hamilton's principle.After verifying the present approach,the effect of input parameters on the dynamic response of honeycomb-FGS shells is carried out in detail. 展开更多
关键词 IGA Elastic foundation Dynamic response FGM Auxetic honeycomb shell
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Kentish Plover(Charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) prefer shells for nesting:A field experiment
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作者 Macarena Castro Andrés De la Cruz +1 位作者 Nuria Martin-Sanjuan Alejandro Pérez-Hurtado 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期55-59,共5页
Shorebird populations are declining worldwide,mainly due to human disturbances and loss of coastal wetlands.However,supratidal habitats as saltpans could play a role in buffering human impact.Saltpans have shown to be... Shorebird populations are declining worldwide,mainly due to human disturbances and loss of coastal wetlands.However,supratidal habitats as saltpans could play a role in buffering human impact.Saltpans have shown to be important as feeding or breeding sites of some shorebird species.A potential conservation strategy to increase shorebird populations in saltpans is to manipulate the cues that birds use to select optimal breeding habitat.Here it is hypothesized that shorebirds are attracted to bivalve shells due to the advantages they offer.Following this hypothesis,we supplemented a restored saltpan in 2019 and 2021 with bivalve shells,expecting an increase in the number of breeding birds’ nests.More than 75% of Kentish Plover(Charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) nests were found in patches with shells in both years.The best model for both species indicates that the presence of shells is the factor that most correlates with the location of nests.The probability of choosing one place over another to settle their nest increases in areas with an abundance of shells,double in the case of the Kentish Plover and triple in the case of the Little Tern.The result of this study may constitute a valuable tool for attracting birds to restored saltpans and could contribute to the success of expensive restoration projects where time is usually a constraint. 展开更多
关键词 Habitat management Nest site selection Saltpan restoration shell supplementation SHOREBIRDS
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Simple and High-Yield Synthesis of a Thinner Layer of Graphenic Carbon from Coconut Shells
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作者 Retno Asih Haniffudin Nurdiansah +6 位作者 Mochamad Zainuri Deni S.Khaerudini Angelinus T.Setiawan A.Y.Dias Pudji Untoro Ahmad Sholihand Darminto 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2024年第5期969-979,共11页
Biomass has become of recent interest as a raw material for‘green’graphenic carbon(GC)since it promotes an environmentally friendly approach.Here,we investigate a single pyrolysis route to synthesize GC from coconut... Biomass has become of recent interest as a raw material for‘green’graphenic carbon(GC)since it promotes an environmentally friendly approach.Here,we investigate a single pyrolysis route to synthesize GC from coconut shells which provides a simple method and can produce a high yield,thus being convenient for large-scale pro-duction.The pyrolysis involves a stepped holding process at 350℃ for 1 h and at 650℃ or 900℃ for 3 h.The GC sample resulted at the 900℃ pyrolysis has a thinner sheet,a less porous structure,a higher C/O ratio,and an enhanced electrical conductivity than those pyrolyzed at 650℃.The addition of Na3PO4 catalyst has no signifi-cant effects on the GC structures obtained by this route.The single pyrolysis route generates thinner GC sheets compared to the two-step heat treatment followed by the liquid phase exfoliation(LPE)procedure.Nevertheless,the latter method offers a formation of clean samples with a porous or holey feature which has potential for advanced energy-storage applications. 展开更多
关键词 Graphenic carbon BIOMASS coconut shells PYROLYSIS synthesis route
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Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons from Palm Nut Shells: Effects of Calcination Temperature on Porosity and Chemical Properties
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作者 Charly Mve Mfoumou Berthy Lionel Mbouiti +2 位作者 Spenseur Bouassa Mougnala Pradel Tonda-Mikiela Guy Raymond Feuya Tchouya 《Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》 2024年第2期19-32,共14页
Activated carbons (ACs) calcined at 400˚C, 500˚C, and 600˚C (AC-400, AC-500, and AC-600) were prepared using palm nut shells from Gabon as raw material and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activating agent. Prepare... Activated carbons (ACs) calcined at 400˚C, 500˚C, and 600˚C (AC-400, AC-500, and AC-600) were prepared using palm nut shells from Gabon as raw material and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activating agent. Prepared ACs were characterized by physisorption of nitrogen (N2), determination of diode and methylene blue numbers for studies of porosity and by quantification and determination of surface functional groups and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) respectively, for studies of chemical properties of prepared ACs. Then, effects of calcination temperature (Tcal) on porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs were studied. The results obtained showed that when the calcination temperature increases from 500˚C to 600˚C, the porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs are modified. Indeed, the methylene blue and iodine numbers determined for activated carbons AC-400 (460 and 7.94 mg·g−1, respectively) and AC-500 (680 and 8.90 mg·g−1, respectively) are higher than those obtained for AC-600 (360 and 5.75 mg·g−1, respectively). Compared to the AC-500 adsorbent, specific surface areas (SBET) and microporous volume losses for AC-600 were estimated to 44.7% and 45.8%, respectively. Moreover, in our experimental conditions, the effect of Tcal on the quantities of acidic and basic functional groups on the surface of the ACs appears negligible. In addition, results of the pHpzc of prepared ACs showed that as Tcal increases, the pH of the adsorbents increases and tends towards neutrality. Indeed, a stronger acidity was determined on AC-400 (pHpzc = 5.60) compared to those on AC-500 and AC-600 (pHpzc = 6.85 and 6.70, respectively). Also according to the results of porosity and chemical characterizations, adsorption being a surface phenomenon, 500˚C appears to be the optimal calcination temperature for the preparation of activated carbons from palm nut shells in our experimental conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Palm Nut shells Activated Carbon Calcination Temperature Porosity and Chemical Properties
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Full-Scale Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Cellular Structures Based on Kirchhoff-Love Shells
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作者 Mingzhe Huang Mi Xiao +3 位作者 Liang Gao Mian Zhou Wei Sha Jinhao Zhang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期2479-2505,共27页
Cellular thin-shell structures are widely applied in ultralightweight designs due to their high bearing capacity and strength-to-weight ratio.In this paper,a full-scale isogeometric topology optimization(ITO)method ba... Cellular thin-shell structures are widely applied in ultralightweight designs due to their high bearing capacity and strength-to-weight ratio.In this paper,a full-scale isogeometric topology optimization(ITO)method based on Kirchhoff-Love shells for designing cellular tshin-shell structures with excellent damage tolerance ability is proposed.This method utilizes high-order continuous nonuniform rational B-splines(NURBS)as basis functions for Kirchhoff-Love shell elements.The geometric and analysis models of thin shells are unified by isogeometric analysis(IGA)to avoid geometric approximation error and improve computational accuracy.The topological configurations of thin-shell structures are described by constructing the effective density field on the controlmesh.Local volume constraints are imposed in the proximity of each control point to obtain bone-like cellular structures.To facilitate numerical implementation,the p-norm function is used to aggregate local volume constraints into an equivalent global constraint.Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.After simulation and comparative analysis,the results indicate that the cellular thin-shell structures optimized by the proposed method exhibit great load-carrying behavior and high damage robustness. 展开更多
关键词 Cellular thin-shell structures isogeometric analysis full-scale topology optimization Kirchhoff–Love shells
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Transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells resting on Kerr's foundations with laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface and auxetic honeycomb core subjected to the blast load
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作者 Nguyen Thi Hai Van Thi Hong Nguyen 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期222-247,共26页
This work uses refined first-order shear theory to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells made of auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fib... This work uses refined first-order shear theory to analyze the free vibration and transient responses of double-curved sandwich two-layer shells made of auxetic honeycomb core and laminated three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber surface subjected to the blast load.Each of the two layers that make up the double-curved shell structure is made up of an auxetic honeycomb core and two laminated sheets of three-phase polymer/GNP/fiber.The exterior is supported by a Kerr elastic foundation with three characteristics.The key innovation of the proposed theory is that the transverse shear stresses are zero at two free surfaces of each layer.In contrast to previous first-order shear deformation theories,no shear correction factor is required.Navier's exact solution was used to treat the double-curved shell problem with a single title boundary,while the finite element technique and an eight-node quadrilateral were used to address the other boundary requirements.To ensure the accuracy of these results,a thorough comparison technique is employed in conjunction with credible statements.The problem model's edge cases allow for this kind of analysis.The study's findings may be used in the post-construction evaluation of military and civil works structures for their ability to sustain explosive loads.In addition,this is also an important basis for the calculation and design of shell structures made of smart materials when subjected to shock waves or explosive loads. 展开更多
关键词 Blast load Two-layer shell Polymer/GNP/Fiber surface Auxetic honeycomb Shear connectors
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Study on Adsorption Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Modified Mussel Shells
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作者 Jiaxing LIU Muchen LANG +2 位作者 Mei LIU Kecun MA Qingguo CHEN 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第1期83-86,共4页
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the... Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are typical persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are commonly found in the environment.They are carcinogenic,teratogenic,mutagenic and biodegradable obviously.In this paper,the modified mussel shells were used to adsorb and remove anthracene.The results show that the adsorption removal rate of the mussel shells was higher after calcination at 600℃.5%H_(3)PO_(4) solution was more suitable for shell treatment than 3 mol/L ZnCl_(2) solution.As the dosage of the modified shells was 0.5 g/L,the adsorption reached a stable state,and the removal rate of PAHs was about 69.44%;the adsorption efficiency rose with the increase of time.It can be seen that as a new and cheap biological adsorbent,the modified shells can be used to remove PAHs from wastewater. 展开更多
关键词 Mussel shells ADSORPTION Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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Performance Analysis of Plant Shells/PVC Composites under Corrosion and Aging Conditions
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作者 Haoping Yao Xinyu Zhong Chunxia He 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2024年第5期993-1006,共14页
To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried o... To make full use of plant shellfibers(rice husk,walnut shell,chestnut shell),three kinds of wood-plastic com-posites of plant shellfibers and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)were prepared.X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on three kinds of plant shellfibers to test their crystallinity.The aging process of the composites was conducted under 2 different conditions.One was artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation,and the other one was deionized water spray and xenon lamp irradiation.The mechanical properties(tensile strength,flexural strength,impact strength),changes in color,water absorption,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and microstructures of the composites before and after the two aging experiments were analyzed.The results showed that the chestnut shell had the highest crystallinity,which was 42%.The chestnut shell/PVC composites had the strongest interface bonding,the least internal defects,and the best general mechanical properties among the three composites.Its tensile strength,bending strength and impact strength were 23.81 MPa,34.12 MPa,and 4.32 KJ·m^(-2),respectively.Comparing the two aging conditions,artificial seawater immersion and xenon lamp irradiation destroyed the quality of the combination of plant shellfibers and PVC,making the internal defects of the composites increase.This made the water absorption ability and changes in the color of the composites more obvious and led to a great decrease in the mechanical properties.The general mechanical properties of the chestnut shell/PVC composites were the best,but their water absorption ability changed more obviously. 展开更多
关键词 Plant shellfibers polyvinyl chloride wood-plastic composites artificial seawater immersion deionized water spray xenon lamp irradiation
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Analysis of Dynamic Failure of Plastic Spherical Shells Under Local Impact
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作者 宁建国 刘海燕 +1 位作者 王云艳 杨桂通 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 1999年第1期37-42,共6页
Aim To study the dynamic failure of the plastic spherical shell impacted by a missile. Methods The deformation mode of spherical shells was given by introducing isometric transformation. The governing equation of mo... Aim To study the dynamic failure of the plastic spherical shell impacted by a missile. Methods The deformation mode of spherical shells was given by introducing isometric transformation. The governing equation of motion of the rigid plastic spherical shell was given by energy balance. This equation was solved by using Runge Kutta method. Results The relationships between the impact force, dimple radius, central point deflection and time were obtained. The response time initial velocity, the maximal impact force permanent initial velocity, the central point deflection initial velocity and the dimple radius initial velocity characteristics were respectively plotted. Conclusion A comparison made between the theoretical results and the experimental ones indicates that the two groups of results are in conformity with each other. 展开更多
关键词 spherical shell IMPACT large deformation dynamic failure
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Research on Liquefaction Technology of Chestnut Shells
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作者 梁丽珍 牛俊玲 +1 位作者 兰彦平 王杰 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第8期1170-1173,共4页
[Objective]This paper aimed at studying the liquefaction technology of chestnut shells [Method]Effects on chestnut shells liquefaction of six catalysts were studied,which were sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,acetic ... [Objective]This paper aimed at studying the liquefaction technology of chestnut shells [Method]Effects on chestnut shells liquefaction of six catalysts were studied,which were sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,acetic acid(99.5%),phosphoric acid(85%),hydrochloric acid(37%),sulfuric acid(98%).The research had analyzed the liquefaction effects of chestnut shells in presence of phenol and at liquefaction temperatures of 130,150 and 170 ℃,in which the proportion of added quantities of concentrated sulfuric acid,phosphoric acid,concentrated hydrochloric acid to phenol were 1%-6%.Properties of phenolic resin made from formaldehyde and phenol-liquefied products of chestnut shells catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃(WPF)were analyzed and compared with traditional phenolic formaldehyde resin(PF).[Result]Acid catalysts were better than alkaline ones in the phenol-liquefaction of chestnut shells,and the liquefaction ratio increased with the increasing of acidic intensity.The liquefaction ratio had attained the maximum as 92.11 % when catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid with an added amount of 4% at 150 ℃.The phenolic resin made from the liquefied products of chestnut shells was basically in accordance with the standard of GB/T 14732-93 when the mass ratio of chestnut shells powders to phenol was 1∶3.[Conclusion]It was possible to produce phenolic resin with liquefied chestnut shells. 展开更多
关键词 CATALYSTS Chestnut shells LIQUEFACTION
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DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF VISCOELASTIC CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER AXIAL PRESSURES 被引量:5
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作者 程昌钧 张能辉 《应用数学和力学》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2001年第1期1-8,共8页
The hypotheses of the Krmn_Donnell theory of thin shells with large deflections and the Boltzmann laws for isotropic linear, viscoelastic materials, the constitutive equations of shallow shells are first derived. ... The hypotheses of the Krmn_Donnell theory of thin shells with large deflections and the Boltzmann laws for isotropic linear, viscoelastic materials, the constitutive equations of shallow shells are first derived. Then the governing equations for the deflection and stress function are formulated by using the procedure similar to establishing the Krmn equations of elastic thin plates. Introducing proper assumptions, an approximate theory for viscoelastic cylindrical shells under axial pressures can be obtained. Finally, the dynamical behavior is studied in detail by using several numerical methods. Dynamical properties, such as, hyperchaos, chaos, strange attractor, limit cycle etc., are discovered. 展开更多
关键词 KArmAn-Donnell理论 粘弹性柱壳 混沌 挠度 应力
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Adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) in Water with Phosphoric Acid Modified and Ordinary Walnut Shells
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作者 鲁秀国 段建菊 黄燕梅 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2015年第9期1989-1993,共5页
A comparison between the effects of ordinary walnut shell and phosphoric acid modified walnut shell on adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) was carried out. The experimental results showed that owing to larger surface void of modif... A comparison between the effects of ordinary walnut shell and phosphoric acid modified walnut shell on adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) was carried out. The experimental results showed that owing to larger surface void of modified walnut shell its adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) was better. When the temperature was 35 ℃, adsorbent particle size was 1.0-1.6 mm, shaker shock rate was 200 r/min, and dosage of walnut shell was 0.80 g, the Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate reached 99.4%. The fitting of adsorption isotherm and kinetics model showed that, Langmuir isotherm model could reflect the adsorption process of modified walnut shell; and both the adsorption processes of ordinary and modified walnut shells accorded with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. 展开更多
关键词 Phosphoric acid modification ADSORPTION Walnut shell Cr(Ⅵ)
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ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR PIEZOELECTRIC CIRCULAR SHALLOW SPHERICAL SHELLS BY DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE ELEMENT METHOD
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作者 王永亮 王鑫伟 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2001年第2期130-136,共7页
The static behavior of piezoelectric circular spherical shallow shells under both electrical and mechanical loads is studied by using the differential quadrature element method (DQEM). Geometrical nonlinearity effect ... The static behavior of piezoelectric circular spherical shallow shells under both electrical and mechanical loads is studied by using the differential quadrature element method (DQEM). Geometrical nonlinearity effect is considered. Detailed formulations and procedures are given for the first time. Several examples are analyzed and accurate results are obtained by the DQEM. Based on the results in this paper, one may conclude that the DQEM is a useful tool for obtaining solutions of structural elements. It can be seen that the shell shape may be theore tically controlled and snap through may occur when the applied voltage reaches a critical value even without mechanical load for certain geometric configurations. 展开更多
关键词 differential quadrature element method non linearity PIEZOELECTRICITY circular shallow spherical shell
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基于SHELL模型的航空货物运输安全问题研究
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作者 钟波兰 龙海燕 《长沙航空职业技术学院学报》 2024年第3期82-87,共6页
文章阐述了SHELL 模型的基本理论,分析了航空货物运输的基本流程及常见安全问题,应用SHELL模型重点探究航空货物运输中人与硬件(L-H)、人与软件(L-S)、人与环境(L-E)及人与人(L-L)的要素特征与关系界面,梳理引发安全问题导致不安全事件... 文章阐述了SHELL 模型的基本理论,分析了航空货物运输的基本流程及常见安全问题,应用SHELL模型重点探究航空货物运输中人与硬件(L-H)、人与软件(L-S)、人与环境(L-E)及人与人(L-L)的要素特征与关系界面,梳理引发安全问题导致不安全事件的原因,提出缩小关系界面空隙、提高关系匹配度的措施,保障航空货物运输安全,促进航空货运持续稳定发展。 展开更多
关键词 shell模型 航空货物运输 安全
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基于邻域K-shell分布的关键节点识别方法 被引量:3
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作者 吴亚丽 任远光 +3 位作者 董昂 周傲然 吴学金 郑帅龙 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期87-95,共9页
复杂网络中关键节点的精准识别对于网络结构稳定和信息传播起着至关重要的作用。传统K-shell方法仅通过节点在网络中所处位置对节点的重要性进行评估,导致区分度不高。基于此,综合考虑了节点的全局信息和局部信息对节点重要性的影响,提... 复杂网络中关键节点的精准识别对于网络结构稳定和信息传播起着至关重要的作用。传统K-shell方法仅通过节点在网络中所处位置对节点的重要性进行评估,导致区分度不高。基于此,综合考虑了节点的全局信息和局部信息对节点重要性的影响,提出一种基于邻域K-shell分布的关键节点识别方法。该方法通过节点邻域Ks值定义节点的熵,从而反映邻居节点的K-shell分布特征。通过11个网络数据集上的仿真实验,验证了所提方法能够更准确地识别并区分复杂网络中的关键节点。 展开更多
关键词 复杂网络 关键节点 K-shell 易感-感染-恢复模型(SIR)
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COMPLEX EQUATIONS OF FLEXIBLE CIRCULAR RINGSHELLS OVERALL_BENDING IN A MERIDIAN PLANE AND GENERAL SOLUTION FOR THE SLENDER RING SHELLS 被引量:5
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作者 朱卫平 黄黔 郭平 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 1999年第9期952-959,共8页
Complex equations of circular ring shells and slender ring shells overall-bending in a meridian plane are presented based on E. L. Axelrad's equations of flexible shells of revolution render asymmetrical lending. ... Complex equations of circular ring shells and slender ring shells overall-bending in a meridian plane are presented based on E. L. Axelrad's equations of flexible shells of revolution render asymmetrical lending. It turns out that the equations are analogous to Novozhilov's equations of symmetrical ring shells, where general sollutions have been given by W. Z. Chien. Therefore, by analogy with Chien's solution, a general solution for equations of the slender ring shells is put forward, which can be used to salve bellow's overall-bending problems. 展开更多
关键词 flexible shells shells of revolution circular ring shells curved-tubes BELLOWS
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Yolk-shell Si/C composites with multiple Si nanoparticles encapsulated into double carbon shells as lithium-ion battery anodes 被引量:11
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作者 Le Hu Bin Luo +3 位作者 Chenghao Wu Pengfei Hu Lianzhou Wang Haijiao Zhang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第5期124-130,共7页
The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structure... The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite (denoted as TSC-PDA-B) has been intelligently designed by rational engineering and precise control. In the novel structure, the multiple Si nanoparticles with small size are successfully encapsulated into the porous carbon shells with double layers benefiting from the strong etching effect of HF. The TSC-PDA-B product prepared is evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TSC-PDA-B product exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high initial capacity of 2108 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1 and superior cycling performance of 1113 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles. The enhancement of lithium storage performance may be attributed to the construction of hybrid structure including small Si nanoparticles, high surface area, and double carbon shells, which can not only increase electrical conductiv让y and intimate electrical contact with Si nanoparticles, but also provide built-in buffer voids for Si nanoparticles to expand freely without damaging the carbon layer. The present findings can provide some scientific insights into the design and the application of advanced Si-based anode materials in energy storage fields. 展开更多
关键词 Si/C COMPOSITES Yolk-shell Multiple SI nanoparticles Double CARBON shells Energy storage
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Optimum design of hierarchical stiffened shells for low imperfection sensitivity 被引量:13
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作者 Bo Wang Peng Hao +5 位作者 Gang Li Jia-Xin Zhang Kai-Fan Du Kuo Tian Xiao-Jun Wang Xiao-Han Tang 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第3期391-402,共12页
A concept of hierarchical stiffened shell is proposed in this study, aiming at reducing the imperfection sen- sitivity without adding additional weight. Hierarchical stiffened shell is composed of major stiffeners and... A concept of hierarchical stiffened shell is proposed in this study, aiming at reducing the imperfection sen- sitivity without adding additional weight. Hierarchical stiffened shell is composed of major stiffeners and minor stiff- eners, and the minor stiffeners are generally distributed between adjacent major stiffeners. For various types of geo- metric imperfections, e.g., eigenmode-shape imperfections, hierarchical stiffened shell shows significantly low imper- fection sensitivity compared to traditional stiffened shell. Furthermore, a surrogate-based optimization framework is proposed to search for the hierarchical optimum design. Then, two optimum designs based on two different opti- mization objectives (including the critical buckling load and the weighted sum of collapse loads of geometrically imperfect shells with small- and large-amplitude imperfections) are compared and discussed in detail. The illustrative example demonstrates the inherent superiority of hierarchical stiffened shells in resisting imperfections and the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Moreover, the decrease of imperfection sensitivity can finally be converted into a decrease of structural weight, which is particularly important in the development of large-diameter launch vehicles. 展开更多
关键词 Hierarchical stiffened shell Imperfection sensi-tivity COLLAPSE Optimization
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A review of fire-extinguishing agent on suppressing lithium-ion batteries fire 被引量:20
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作者 Shuai Yuan Chongye Chang +4 位作者 Shuaishuai Yan Pan Zhou Xinming Qian Mengqi Yuan Kai Liu 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第11期262-280,I0006,共20页
Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)such as fires and explosions is a significant challenge for their large scale applications.Considering the continuously increased battery energy density and wider large-scale... Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)such as fires and explosions is a significant challenge for their large scale applications.Considering the continuously increased battery energy density and wider large-scale battery pack applications,the possibility of LIBs fire significantly increases.Because of the fast burning and the easy re-ignition characteristics of LIBs,achieving an efficient and prompt LIBs fire suppression is critical for minimizing the fire hazards.Different from conventional fire hazards,the LIBs fire shows complicated and comprehensive characteristics,and an effective and suitable fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs is highly desirable.Considerable efforts have been devoted to this topic,to the best of our knowledge,a comprehensive review on this regard is still rare.Moreover,in practice,a guidance for the design and selections of a proper fire-extinguishing agent for LIBs is urgently needed.Herein,the special mechanisms and characteristics for LIBs fire and the corresponding design principles for LIBs fire-extinguishing agent were introduced.It is revealed that a fire-extinguishing agent developed for LIBs fire will most likely need a high heat capacity,high wetting,low viscosity and low electrical conductivity.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents in terms of these performances,water-based fire-extinguishing agents show best.Several typical fire-extinguishing agents such as gaseous agents,dry powders,water-based and aerosol fire-extinguishing agents were then introduced,and their fire extinguishment mechanisms were presented.Finally,their effectiveness in suppressing the fire were summarized.Water-based fire-extinguishing agents possess high cooling capacity and excellent anti-reflash performance for the fire.We believe this review could shed light on developing an efficient fire-extinguishing agent particularly designed for LIBs. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-ion battery Battery safety fire-extinguishing agent Fire suppression
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