The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum

The Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope(EAST)at the Shanghai Astronomy Museum has been running routine astronomical observations since 2021.It is a 65-cm-aperture Gregorian solar telescope for scientific education,outreach,and research.The telescope system is designed in an“open”format so that the solar tower architecture can be integrated with it,and visitors can watch the observations live from inside the tower.Equipped with adaptive optics,a high-resolution imaging system,and an integral field unit spectro-imaging system,this telescope can obtain high-resolution solar images in the TiO and Hαbands,and perform spectral image reconstruction using 400 optical fibers at selected wavelengths.It can be used not only in public education and scientific outreach but also in solar physics research.

Acceleration of optical coherence tomography signal processing by multi-graphics processing units

A multi-GPU system designed for high-speed,real-time signal processing of optical coherencetomography(OCT)is described herein.For the OCT data sampled in linear wave numbers,themaximum procesing rates reached 2.95 MHz for 1024-OCT and 1.96 MHz for 2048-OCT.Data sampled using linear wavelengths were re-sampled using a time-domain interpolation method and zero-padding interpolation method to improve image quality.The maximum processing rates for1024-OCT reached 2.16 MHz for the time-domain method and 1.26 MHz for the zero-paddingmethod.The maximum processing rates for 2048-0CT reached_1.58 MHz,and 0.68 MHz,respectively.This method is capable of high-speed,real-time processing for O CT systems.

Optical transmission through basic-structural-unit superlattices

In this paper, by the transparent-component-decimation （TCD） method we obtain three kinds of new basic- components （BCs） through simplifying and decomposing the BCs of three-component Thue-Morse （3CTM） sequence. Based on these new BCs we propose a type of basic-structural-units （BSUs） and investigate the optical transmission of the one-dimensional （1D） superlattices composed of these BSUs. It is found that if the substrates of the 1D BSU superlattices are certain, the optical transmission at the central wavelength （CW） will be determined completely by the number and the type of BSUs and has nothing to do with the marshalling sequence. In particular, if the substrates are identical, the numbers of different types of BSUs are all the same and the middle two elements of BSUs constitute a cycle, then no matter whether the system is periodic, or quasiperiodic, or aperiodic, or unordered, or even random, it will be transparent at the CW. The conclusion is confirmed by the numerical results. Similar to the even layers of neighbourhood identical elements in TCD method, such a kind of optical BSU subsystem can also be decimated from the chain in the process of transmission investigation. There would be a potential application in the designing of some interesting optical devices.

UNITED STABILIZING SCHEME FOR EDGE DELAY IN OPTICAL BURST SWITCHED NETWORKS

A novel scheme, namely united stabilizing scheme for edge delay, is introduced in optical burst switched networks. In the scheme, the limits of burst length and assembly time are both set according to certain qualifications. For executing the scheme, the conception for unit input bit rate is introduced to improve universality, and the assembly algorithm with a buffer safety space under the self-similar traffic model at each ingress edge router is proposed. Then, the components of burst and packet delay are concluded, and the equations that limits of burst length and assembly time should satisfy to stabilize the burst edge delay under different buffer offered loads are educed. The simulation results show that united stabilizing scheme stabilizes both burst and packet edge delay to a great extent when buffer offered load changes from 0.1 to 1, and the edge delay of burst and packet are near the limit values under larger offered load, respectively.

Remote I/O Unit for Optical Fiber Communication

Abstract:Based on optical fiber technology, the main electric circuit of the remote I/O unit controller is studied. And the application of the system is illustrated.

Experimentation of a 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor

A detailed experiment of 1-pixel bit reconfigurable ternary optical processor （TOP） is proposed in the paper. 42 basic operation units （BOUs） and 28 typical logic operators of the TOP are realized in the experiment. Results of the test cases elaborately cover the every combination of BOUs and all the nine inputs of ternary processor. Both the experiment process and results analysis are given in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the theory of reconfiguring a TOP is valid and that the reconfiguration circuitry is effective.

Spatio-Temporal Variations in the Associations between Hourly PM_2.5and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from MODIS Sensors on Terra and Aqua

Recent studies have explored the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements by satellite sensors and concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). However, relatively little is known about spatial and temporal patterns in this relationship across the contiguous United States. In this study, we investigated the relationship between US Environmental Protection Agency estimates of PM2.5 concentrations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD measurements provided by two NASA satellites (Terra and Aqua) across the contiguous United States during 2005. We found that the combined use of both satellite sensors provided more AOD coverage than the use of either satellite sensor alone, that the correlation between AOD measurements and PM2.5 concentrations varied substantially by geographic location, and that this correlation was stronger in the summer and fall than that in the winter and spring.

A novel algorithm for Ethernet-passive-optical-network dynamic bandwidth allocation based on threshold

The Ethernet passive optical network(EPON) is the next generation of broad-band network technique.A crucial issue in EPONs is the sharing of uplink bandwidth among optical network units(ONUs).This article provides a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm,i.e.threshold dynamic bandwidth allocation(TDBA),which is based on adaptive threshold,to increase resource utilization.The algorithm uses ONU data-transmitting rate to adjust optical line terminal(OLT) receiving data threshold from an ONU.Simulation results show that this algorithm can decrease average packet delay and increase network throughput in a 10G EPON system.

Optimization of Disjoints Using WDM-PON in an Optical Network

An optical network is a type of data communication network built with optical fibre technology. It utilizes optical fibre cables as the primary communication medium for converting data and passing data as light pulses between sender and receiver nodes. The major issue in optical networking is disjoints that occur in the network. A polynomial time algorithm Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Networking (WDM-PON) computes disjoints of an optical network and reduces the count of disjoints that occur in the network by separating Optical Network Units (ONU) into several virtual point-to-point connections. The Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) filter is included in WDM-PON to avoid the traffic in the network thereby increasing the bandwidth capacity. In case of a failure or disjoint Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to find the optimized shortest path for re-routing. For enhanced security, modified Rivert Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm encrypts the message during communication between the nodes. The efficiency is found to be improved in terms of delay in packet delivery, longer optical reach, optimized shortest path, packet error rate.

Bedside ultrasonography of optic nerve sheath diameter for detection of raised intracranial pressure in nontraumatic neurocritically ill patients

BACKGROUND Delay in treatment of raised intracranial pressure(ICP)leads to poor clinical outcomes.Optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)by ultrasonography(US-ONSD)has shown good accuracy in traumatic brain injury and neurosurgical patients to diagnose raised ICP.However,there is a dearth of data in neuro-medical intensive care unit(ICU)where the spectrum of disease is different.AIM To validate the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD in non-traumatic neuro-critically ill patients.METHODS We prospectively enrolled 114 patients who had clinically suspected raised ICP due to non-traumatic causes admitted in neuro-medical ICU.US-ONSD was performed according to ALARA principles.A cut-off more than 5.7 mm was taken as significantly raised.Raised ONSD was corelated with raised ICP on radiological imaging.Clinical history,general and systemic examination findings,SOFA and APACHE 2 score and patient outcomes were recorded.RESULTS There was significant association between raised ONSD and raised ICP on imaging(P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value at this cut-off was 77.55%,89.06%,84.44% and 83.82% respectively.The positive and negative likelihood ratio was 7.09 and 0.25.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.844.Using Youden’s index the best cut off value for ONSD was 5.75 mm.Raised ONSD was associated with lower age(P=0.007),poorer Glasgow Coma Scale(P=0.009)and greater need for surgical intervention(P=0.006)whereas no statistically significant association was found between raised ONSD and SOFA score,APACHE II score or ICU mortality.Our limitations were that it was a single centre study and we did not perform serial measurements or ONSD pre-and post-treatment or procedures for raised ICP.CONCLUSION ONSD can be used as a screening a test to detect raised ICP in a medical ICU and as a trigger to initiate further management of raised ICP.ONSD can be beneficial in ruling out a diagnosis in a low-prevalence population and rule in a diagnosis in a high-prevalence population.

星载激光雷达视轴监测系统设计

提出了一种针对星载激光雷达在轨高精度光轴监测与标定需求的多光轴监测方法,该方法基于主动激光光源。通过使用785 nm的激光,分束后分别照射到星敏感器的基准棱镜和接收望远镜的取光棱镜,反射信号被聚焦至监视相机的焦平面,实现了对接收光轴及星敏光轴的精确监测。此外,监视相机还同步采集发射激光的部分能量,用于测量监测发射光轴。文中详细描述了光学系统的设计流程及关键组件的优化方案,并通过地面真空环境试验及在轨监测数据进行了验证。设计结果表明,各监视通道的成像质量达到了衍射极限,收发光轴的设计精度分别为0.09μrad和2.28μrad,关键组件取光棱镜的温控精度达到了±0.2℃。地面的真空热光试验结果进一步验证了该方案的高精度光轴监视能力,收发光轴的监测精度均优于3μrad。最后通过分析激光雷达入轨后的测量数据,确认了视轴监测系统的工作稳定性,成功实现了在轨的高精度光轴监视。该研究成果为星载激光雷达提供了一种有效的在轨高精度光轴监测与标定解决方案。

基于改进OPTICS聚类的雷达信号预分选方法

针对DBSCAN算法不能分选密度分布不均雷达信号的缺陷,提出了一种基于改进OPTICS聚类的雷达信号预分选方法。利用OPTICS算法的核心距离和可达距离来实现对不同密度分布的雷达信号预分选。将雷达信号进行网格单元划分,并采用两级处理方式,第一级处理高密度信号,第二级累积并处理低密度信号。实验结果表明,与传统的DBSCAN算法相比,改进OPTICS算法适用于不同密度分布的雷达信号,能够提高复杂体制雷达信号分选的正确率,同时降低了算法运行时间。

25G ONU光模块的高速性能设计与实现

优化光模块的发射光信号眼图性能和接收信号灵敏度是提升高速光网络单元(ONU)光模块传输链路预算的关键所在。设计了一种具备高速性能的25G ONU光模块,首先深入研究了高速信号线走线阻抗不连续点的处理技巧和印刷电路板(PCB)打孔工艺设计对传输信号线带宽性能的影响机制,然后调整参考叠层结构、优化过孔工艺方式,最后对其进行高速信号仿真试验分析。测试结果表明:所设计的模块不仅全面满足发射眼图性能和接收灵敏度的指标要求,而且其性能余量远超IEEE802.3ca协议标准。

广播电视宽带网络光纤入户方案设计及技术分析

广播电视宽带网络光纤入户方案集成了万兆网际互连协议(Internet Protocol,IP)广播、掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier,EDFA)、分光器、吉比特无源光网络(Gigabit Passive Optical Network,GPON)等关键技术,并将光网络单元ONU(Optical Network Unit,ONU)作为关键桥梁实现了光纤网络与用户设备的连接,满足有线直播和互联网视频点播平台的双向传输需求,通过测试验证了方案的可行性。该方案为广播电视宽带网络光纤入户提供了高效可行的解决方案,从而为用户提供了更优质的观看体验和更强大的网络支持。

基于OTN OSU协议的油气管道阀室通信网络方案

随着油气管道阀室通信网络逐渐扩张和承载业务的复杂化,现有的组网方案亟需进行升级更新。提出了基于光传送网光业务单元(OTN OSU)的油气管道阀室通信网络方案。首先,分析了油气管道阀室通信网络组网过程中面临的挑战,并概述了当前组网方案的现状;然后,引入OTN OSU协议对油气管道阀室通信光网络架构进行优化,并设计了工业级光传输客户前端设备(CPE)样机;最后,对方案进行现网环境测试验证。测试结果表明:所提方案有效改善网络时延,且支持多种业务承载,CPE样机功耗低于40 W,提升了网络效率。

室外基站射频拉远单元光缆设计分析

为提升室外基站射频拉远单元光缆设计的合理性,本文从设计原则、施工工艺、光缆选型等多方面对影响光缆设计的因素进行分析,并提出合理建议,促进工程建设的提质增效。

基于单元系统的光纤通信网络安全保护方法设计与验证

为提高和保障单元系统通信网络安全,针对多项阈值影响下的网络运行状态差异较大,导致强电保护效果较差问题。设计了光纤通信网络安全与强电保护方法。根据建筑单位系统光纤通信网络特性,分析光纤材料风险性质,计算对应的风险评估值,从防火墙设计、数据加密和备份等多个模块入手,设计光纤通信网络强电保护机制;计算光纤通信网络运行中的多项阈值,对比实际情况,判断光纤通信网络运行状态,更新强电保护机制。实验结果表明,该方法应用后,安全性概率数值保持在95%左右,强电保护机制平均运行开销为1.30。安全性概率较高,运行开销较小,强电保护效果较好。

基于OSU的智能电网承载技术应用

随着同步数字系列(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy,SDH)/多业务传送平台(Multi Service Transport Platform,MSTP)的停建和退网,光传送网(Optical Transport Network,OTN)在边缘接入层引入虚容器(Virtual Container,VC)和分组交换(Packet Switching,PKT)方案,不能满足小颗粒业务超低时延、高汇聚比的要求。基于此,介绍光业务单元(Optical Service Unit,OSU)产生的背景、技术原理和技术特点,然后从智能电网领域继电保护、安稳等业务的需求出发,分析智能电网中业务承载的痛点,提出了基于OSU技术的多业务光传送网络(Multi-service Optical Transport Network,Ms-OTN)的统一承载方案,总结应用建议,为电网中的智能承载网建设提供参考。

结合卷积和轴注意力的光流估计网络

现有的光流估计网络为了获得更高的精度,往往使用相关性成本量和门控循环单元(gate recurrent unit,GRU)来进行迭代优化,但是这样会导致计算量大并限制了在边缘设备上的部署性能。为了实现更轻量的光流估计方法,本文提出局部约束与局部扩张模块(local constraint and local dilation module,LC-LD module),通过结合卷积和一次轴注意力来替代自注意力,以较低的计算量对每个匹配特征点周边区域内不同重要程度的关注,生成更准确的相关性成本量,进而降低迭代次数,达到更轻量化的目的。其次,提出了混洗凸优化上采样,通过将分组卷积、混洗操作与凸优化上采样相结合,在实现其参数数量降低的同时进一步提高精度。实验结果证明了该方法在保证高精度的同时,运行效率显著提升,具有较高的应用前景。