基于S变换模能量分析的直流电缆故障测距

针对现有高压直流电缆故障定位方法故障定位精度低、定位模型泛化能力差等问题,文中在考虑电缆故障后故障点产生的暂态信号中含有丰富的故障信息的特征,提出一种时频域能量分析的故障测距方法。该方法利用多分类支持向量机(SVM)的特性构建直流电缆故障定位模型,利用直流电缆相模解耦矩阵对电缆电气量解耦,并采用S变换进行时频域变换,将得到的模量构造模能量,将其作为样本对SVM模型训练。实验结果表明,所提方法对于不同故障类型在不同过渡电阻及不同位置故障下均可进行准确测距。

绿色信贷政策、ESG表现与高污染企业资本结构调整

绿色信贷政策作为结构性去杠杆的重要举措,对于高污染企业资本结构升级大有裨益。与此同时,ESG概念的提出明确了企业发展需着重考量环境(E)、社会(S)和公司治理(G)三方面的表现,即企业ESG表现也将作用于高污染企业资本结构调整。因此,论文以2011—2020年中国A股上市的高污染企业为研究样本,基于ESG表现视角,探究绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的作用效果。研究表明:1)绿色信贷政策显著促进高污染企业资本结构调整,区分企业负债水平后发现,相比于低负债企业,绿色信贷政策显著加快高负债污染企业的资本结构调整速度;2)绿色信贷政策会提升高污染企业的ESG表现,企业ESG表现会削弱绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的促进效果;3)在深入探讨企业融资约束和商业信用程度的异质性是否会影响绿色信贷政策的实施效果时,发现相较于面临弱融资约束和拥有高商业信用的企业,绿色信贷政策显著促进面临强融资约束和低商业信用的高污染企业调整资本结构。因此,探讨绿色信贷政策与高污染企业资本结构调整的关系对优化信贷资源配置、推动高污染企业绿色转型意义重大。

Spatial Evolution and Locational Determinants of High-tech Industries in Beijing

Using datasets on high-tech industries in Beijing as empirical studies, this paper attempts to interpret spatial shift of high-tech manufacturing firms and to examine the main determinants that have had the greatest effect on this spatial evolution. We aimed at merging these two aspects by using firm level databases in 1996 and 2010. To explain spatial change of the high-tech firms in Beijing, the Kernel density estimation method was used for hotspot analysis and detection by comparing their locations in 1996 and 2010, through which spatial features and their temporal changes could be approximately plotted. Furthermore, to provide quantitative results, Ripley′s K-function was used as an instrument to reveal spatial shift and the dispersion distance of high-tech manufacturing firms in Beijing. By employing a negative binominal regression model, we evaluated the main determinants that have significantly affected the spatial evolution of high-tech manufacturing firms and compared differential influence of these locational factors on overall high-tech firms and each sub-sectors. The empirical analysis shows that high-tech industries in Beijing, in general, have evident agglomeration characteristics, and that the hotspot has shifted from the central city to suburban areas. In combination with the Ripley index, this study concludes that high-tech firms are now more scattered in metropolitan areas of Beijing as compared with 1996. The results of regression model indicate that the firms′ locational decisions are significantly influenced by the spatial planning and regulation policies of the municipal government. In addition, market processes involving transportation accessibility and agglomeration economy have been found to be important in explaining the dynamics of locational variation of high-tech manufacturing firms in Beijing. Research into how markets and the government interact to determine the location of high-tech manufacturing production will be helpful for policymakers to enact effective policies toward a more efficient urban spatial structure.

Comparison of ground truth location of earthquake from InSAR and from ambient seismic noise: A case study of the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake

Because ambient seismic noise provides estimated Green’s function （EGF） between two sites with high accuracy, Rayleigh wave propagation along the path connecting the two sites is well resolved. Therefore, earthquakes which are close to one seismic station can be well located with calibration extracting from EGF. We test two algorithms in locating the 1998 Zhangbei earthquake, one algorithm is waveform-based, and the other is traveltime-based. We first compute EGF between station ZHB （a station about 40 km away from the epicenter） and five IC/IRIS stations. With the waveform-based approach, we calculate 1D synthetic single-force Green’s functions between ZHB and other four stations, and obtain traveltime corrections by correlating synthetic Green’s functions with EGFs in period band of 10–30 s. Then we locate the earthquake by minimizing the differential travel times between observed earthquake waveform and the 1D synthetic earthquake waveforms computed with focal mechanism provided by Global CMT after traveltime correction from EGFs. This waveform-based approach yields a location which error is about 13 km away from the location observed with InSAR. With the traveltime-based approach, we begin with measuring group velocity from EGFs as well as group arrival time on observed earthquake waveforms, and then locate the earthquake by minimizing the difference between observed group arrival time and arrival time measured on EGFs. This traveltime-based approach yields accuracy of 3 km, Therefore it is feasible to achieve GT5 （ground truth location with accuracy 5 km） with ambient seismic noises. The less accuracy of the waveform-based approach was mainly caused by uncertainty of focal mechanism.

2023年甘肃积石山M_(S)6.2地震精定位及发震构造研究

采用双差定位的方法,对2023年12月18日甘肃省积石山县M_(S)6.2地震的余震(震后一周)进行重定位,最后获得438个地震事件(包含主震)的位置。定位结果显示余震主要呈NNW向分布,长度约为16 km;主震位于余震带的中央偏东北处,余震分布与拉脊山断裂近似平行,与主震的震源机制解吻合;余震的震源深度主要集中在6.5~12 km,主震深度为11.5 km。从沿断裂走向的剖面可以观察到,此次地震的浅地表余震事件较少,因此未造成明显的地表破裂。对发震断裂的分析表明,拉脊山断裂带的走滑速率较低,这可能代表其处于强锁定阶段。此外,地震聚类分析表明,尽管北拉脊山断裂是主要发震断裂,南拉脊山断裂与此次地震的发震构造也存在紧密联系。

Dynamic Pathology and Antigen Location Study on Broiler Breeders with Coinfection of Marek's Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus

To further understand the generation and development of coinfection of Marek＇s disease virus （MDV） and reticuloendotheliosis virus （REV） in broiler breeders, and then find the method and optimal time of differential diagnosis for complex clinic multiple infection, the authors studied the pathohistological changes, apoptosis, immunohistochemistry （immunofluorescence）, and ultrastructure of tumor tissues of broiler breeders inoculated with MDV and REV. The study showed that proliferation of small lymphocytes was seen in the main organs at the age of 1 week, then immature lymphocytes, all kinds of lymphocytes, primitive reticulum cells, and Marek＇s disease cells （MDCs） were observed at 2-9 weeks. Apoptosis of lymphocytes could not be seen until the age of 10 weeks in the immune system. Immunohistochemistry detection showed that the positive signs of MDV and REV antigen were observed in the main organs at 2 weeks of age. Multi-morphology lymphocytes, MDV, and REV, mitotic figures and apoptosis of lymphocytes were observed with the help of transmission electron microscopy. MDV cooperating with REV promotes the course of disease of coinfection. Differential diagnosis can be done by immunohistochemistry in the early stage （before 2 weeks）, and histopathology in the late stage （post 4 weeks）. MDCs, primitive reticulum cells, immature lymphocytes, and two kinds of virions can serve as a basis for bistopathology differential diagnosis.

HONG KONG DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA＇S MAINLAND： A SPATIAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LOCATIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF INVESTORS

The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investement(HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has has reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has has replace by the trend of moving northwards and iulandwards after 1989. But in terms of tnanofacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing Patterns are dearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors.The survey results suggest that 'enjoying lower production cost' is the most important motive for thed investment in China. In consequece, 'close to Hong Kong','cheqper labour' and 'favourable policy' are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, are companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive.

地震预警台站在地震定位中的应用——以四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例

为了研究预警台站在地震定位中的应用效果,本文以2022年9月5日四川泸定M_(S)6.8地震为例,基于地震预警台站观测资料,使用LOC3D定位方法对主震及2022年9月9日前MS≥3.0余震进行重定位。结果表明:泸定M_(S)6.8地震震中位置与人工目录结果基本一致;预警台站观测资料的加入能够增加各个方位的台站覆盖率,增加近台数量,提供地震事件S波完整震相,有效地约束地震定位结果中的震源深度,提升了地震定位精度,为地震定位提供更全面有效的数据支撑。

Possible Effects of Location and Handling on Some Fungi Associated with Rotting <i>Citrullus lanatus</i>Thunb. (Watermelon)

An experiment was conducted to examine probable impact of location and handling on the fungi commonly associated with rotting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The rotting watermelon samples were obtained from two vendors each from five different markets (Bodija, Sango, Mokola, Eleyele, Agbowo and Ojoo) in Ibadan, Oyo state. They were placed in different sterile sample bags which were labeled appropriately before bringing them to the Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Ibadan. Isolation of fungi from the rotting samples was carried out using pour plate method on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA). Pathogenicity test was also conducted for the isolated fungi. All experiments were done in duplicates and all plates were incubated at 25&deg;C ± 2&deg;C for 7 days. Pure cultures were obtained and identified and each isolated fungus was recorded as 1 which means present and 0 which means absent. The data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.3 at p ≤ 0.05. A total of three fungi were isolated viz., Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Aspergillus niger. Occurrence of A. niger and A. flavus in samples obtained from Bodija, Mokola, Sango and Ojoo markets were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those from the other two markets. Occurrence of S. cerevisae in samples obtained from Bodija and Mokola markets were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those from the other three markets. Location had significant impact on the occurrence of isolated fungi in the rotting watermelons. However, handling by vendors had no significant impact on occurrence of the isolated fungi. Vendors and consumers are advised to be mindful of place of purchase and to also maintain good general hygiene before consumption.

网格搜索定位方法的准确度及其影响因素分析——以2019年四川长宁M_(S)6.0地震为例

地震位置的准确度是开展高精度壳幔结构研究的重要基础。由于地震台站间距的稀疏性,地震台网发布的地震位置存在较大的水平误差,其深度的不确定性更是其水平不确定性的数倍之多,地震位置准确度还未达到开展高精度结构研究的要求。因此,研究学者需要综合分析多种影响因素且对地震位置进行合理优化后,才可利用它获得较为可靠的壳幔结构。本研究以2019年长宁M_(S)6.0地震为例,使用基于正演的网格搜索定位方法,定性验证了不完备的方位角和难以准确识别的S震相走时会对震源位置的准确性产生较大影响,定量分析了观测数据量和速度模型与震源深度间的制约关系,这些影响因素基本遵循前人已获得的认知准则。另外,该次研究还发现BJT和ZYT地震台站可能存在较大的授时偏差。

Location and moment tensor inversion of small earthquakes using 3D Green＇s functions in models with rugged topography： application to the Longmenshan fault zone

With dense seismic arrays and advanced imaging methods, regional three-dimensional （3D） Earth models have become more accurate. It is now increasingly feasible and advantageous to use a 3D Earth model to better locate earthquakes and invert their source mechanisms by fitting synthetics to observed waveforms. In this study, we develop an approach to determine both the earthquake location and source mechanism from waveform information. The observed waveforms are filtered in different frequency bands and separated into windows for the individual phases. Instead of picking the arrival times, the traveltime differences are measured by cross-correlation between synthetic waveforms based on the 3D Earth model and observed waveforms. The earthquake location is determined by minimizing the cross-correlation traveltime differences. We then fix the horizontal location of the earthquake and perform a grid search in depth to determine the source mechanism at each point by fitting the synthetic and observed waveforms. This new method is verified by a synthetic test with noise added to the synthetic waveforms and a realistic station distribution. We apply this method to a series of Mw3.4-5.6 earthquakes in the Longmenshan fault （LMSF） zone, a region with rugged topography between the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and the western part of the Sichuan basin. The results show that our solutions result in improved waveform fits compared to the source parameters from the catalogs we used and the location can be better constrained than the amplitude-only approach. Furthermore, the source solutions with realistic topography provide a better fit to the observed waveforms than those without the topography, indicating the need to take the topography into account in regions with rugged topography.

GoTa Digital Trunking System and It's Location Service

1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use of manyadvantages of the CDMA technology and makesimprovement and optimization for the digitaltrunking communication system. It cansimultaneously realize multipte services including

基于同步挤压S变换的谐振接地系统单相接地故障区段定位方法

谐振接地系统单相接地的故障特征微弱,故障区段难以定位。根据健全与故障区段电流低频能量差异大的特点,利用同步挤压S变换挤压、重组低频区段电流,增强故障特征辨识度;计算各区段能量比值,将能量比值最大的判为故障区段,提出基于同步挤压S变换的故障区段定位方法。以全频区段电流重组信号的峭度因子构建保护启动判据。不同故障条件影响下,大量PSCAD仿真测试了所提启动和区段定位方法的性能及可行性,现场数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

Location Attractiveness as a Major Factor in Museum Visitors＇Choice and Satisfaction

This paper is intended to give a contribution to the debate on the functional relationship between the museum and the local territory; more specifically, the aim of this study is to understand the role of a museum location in attracting visitors and influencing their processes of choice and satisfaction. The study follows, in particular, a previous study conducted by Mariani and Mussini （2013） based on Fondazione di Venezia data, with a view to better contextualization level. Previous studies have examined the role of museums in enhancing the image of a destination and in attracting and conveying additional tourists＇ fluxes, arguing that although not all museums are a destination of choice for visitors, a great museum or a strong exhibition program still does represent a national and international attraction. This paper overturns this argument investigating whereas an appealing location （such as a tourist destination） can influence prospective visitors about the level of attractiveness of a pay cultural event taking place therein. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected at the Palazzo Ducale in Venice, Italy, in 2007, during the art exhibition ＂Venezia e l＇Islam 829-1797＂, via 501 face-to-face visitors interviews. The research model analyzes data through the conjoint analysis and the descriptive statistics. Results show that the exhibition location has been a relevant factor in influencing the visitors＇ decision process linked to the attendance of the event. Data show that, for the majority of visitors, the exhibition had been located elsewhere, they would not have visited it. Thus, an appealing location or a structured tourist destination may function as an attractive platform that may contribute to enforce the overall visitor＇s satisfaction with regard to his or her attendance to a cultural event. Furthermore, such a fact depends on specific objective variables （e.g., level of education, age）, although no significant differences were reported between segments based on other socio-demographic characteristics such as sex. To conclude, arts and cultural managers should market and position cultural events in locations that can function as attractive, thus as emotionally driven experience consumption sites. Furthermore, they should consider both the cognitive and the emotional aspects of visitor＇s experience when designing and planning their events, as well as when assessing visitor＇s satisfaction. Cognitive and emotional aspects should be considered simultaneously when measuring visitors＇ satisfaction. In shaping visitors＇ satisfaction, emotions, such as the pleasure to be in a particular location, are more significant than cognitive aspects, such as the theme of the exhibition.

Location Optimization of a Coal Power Plant to Balance Costs against Plant’s Emission Exposure

The goal of the research is to develop a methodology to minimize the public’s exposure to harmful emissions from coal power plants while maintaining minimal operational costs related to electric distribution losses and coal logistics. The objective is achieved by combining EPA Screen3, ISC3 and Japanese METI-LIS model equations with minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm. Prim’s MST algorithm is used to simulate an electric distribution system and coal transportation pathways. The model can detect emission interaction with another source and estimate the ground level concentrations of emissions up to distances of 25 kilometers. During a grid search, the algorithm helps determine a candidate location, for a new coal power plant, that would minimize the operational cost while ensuring emission exposure is below the EPA/NIOSH thresholds. The proposed methodology has been coded in form of a location analysis simulation. An exhaustive search strategy delivers a final candidate location for a new coal power plant to ensure minimum operational costs as compared to the random or greedy search strategy. The simulation provides a tool to industrial zone planners, environmental engineers, and stakeholders in coal-based power generation. Using operational and emissions perspectives, the tool helps ascertain a list of compromise locations for a new coal power plant facility.

2020年新疆伽师M_(S)5.4、M_(S)6.4两次中强地震发震构造探讨

2020年1月,新疆伽师连续发生M_(S)5.4、M_(S)6.4两次中强地震,震中分别位于天山南麓和塔里木盆地交界的推覆构造前缘。基于地震精定位和震源机制解揭示褶皱和逆冲带的深部几何结构对于理解这两次中强震发生机理具有重要的作用。本文利用18个区域固定地震台站资料,对2009年1月1日至2021年7月31日期间的地震展开重定位研究,并对伽师M_(S)5.4前震、M_(S)6.4主震以及7次4级以上余震开展震源机制求解,进一步反演得到震源区构造应力场。地震定位结果显示,整个地震序列呈NNW和EW2个优势方向分布,前震序列和余震序列在时空分布上存在明显差异,前震序列主要沿着NNW向展布,而余震主要在近EW向的奥兹格尔他乌断裂上展布,并表现出双层分布特征;震源机制反演结果表明,2020年1月18日伽师M_(S)5.4前震为一次走滑型地震事件,而伽师M_(S)S6.4主震和7次余震均为逆冲型事件;另外,应力场反演显示主震震源区为近NS向挤压特征,与该区域地表应力状态基本一致。结合上述结果以及周边地质构造背景,我们认为M_(S)5.4前震和M_(S)6.4主震的发震构造不同:1月18日M_(S)5.4前震发震构造为NNW向具有走滑性质略向W倾的隐伏断层,为“类转换断层”;而M_(S)6.4主震的发震构造为柯坪塔格推覆体中的EW向隐伏推覆盲逆断层,且触发了不同深度的发震断层面。M_(S)5.4前震和M_(S)6.4主震发震断层面走向和倾角的差异,反映了天山地区近NS向不均匀的构造挤压作用。。

江苏天宁M_(S)4.2地震震源深度分析

应用不同地震定位方法,对2021年12月22日江苏天宁M_(S)4.2地震震源深度进行重新测定。使用NonLinLoc方法对地震进行绝对定位,得出震源深度为11.9 km。以绝对定位结果为初值,利用该区域范围内历史地震事件,使用双差定位法对地震进行重定位,得出震源深度为10.1 km。结合该地区构造环境等进行分析,认为震源深度为10—12 km相对合理。

Simulation About the Growth of Chinese Firm's Safety Management Capability

Aiming at the deficiency of exterminating measures of Chinese firm safety management, a simulation model of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability based on the organizational learning theory, in which the simulation method of system dynamics is utilized. The level variable and rate variable are designed based on the practical situation and change situation of corresponding variables of firm＇s safety management ca- pability. Simulation firms are built with accident case groups of the oil industry, chemical industry, machine industry, coal mining industry, and weapon industry. Through analyzing the simulation result, the growth law of Chinese firm＇s safety management capability is obtained as follows： the accumulating and the coupling of safety knowledge should be emphasized at the same time; the balance of learning behavior of individual, group and organization should be considered together; different types of Chinese firm should take different safety policies according to their practical situations.

Multiplet relative location approach and waveform correlation correction and their application

The theory and method of relative location technique were described in the paper. The travel-time difference equa-tions for five phases (Pg, Sg, P11, S11 and Pn) were given. By using the multiplet relative location approach and wave correlation correction, the aftershock cluster of the Shunyi earthquake occurred on December 16, 1996 was relocated. The depth calculation was constrained by using multiple seismic phases. The relocation results were compared with that from traditional absolute location techniques.