Firming Up the Firewall

LIU Guixlan tookthe plunge and opened a Yu＇ebaoonline savings account two months ago, The teacher at Su-zhou Gaoxinqu Tong＇an Middle School has since deposited some of her spare cash into the account, eyeing a better interest rate than that offered by financial institutions.

不同超高压处理对DFD牛肉肉色及货架期的影响

为降低DFD(dark,firm and dry)牛肉初始菌落总数,延长真空包装DFD牛肉货架期并改善肉色,以不同压力(200、400、600 MPa)配合不同加压时间(5、10 min)的超高压处理为实验组,以空白处理为对照组,测定真空包装DFD牛肉在(2±2)℃条件下贮藏0、2、4、6、8、12、16 d后的肉色、表观肉色图像、pH值、微生物和3种肌红蛋白相对含量,探究超高压处理对DFD牛肉货架期及肉色的影响,进而探寻适合DFD牛肉肉色改善和货架期延长的超高压处理条件。结果表明:超高压能显著提高DFD牛肉的亮度值、红度值和黄度值(P<0.05),增加氧合肌红蛋白的相对含量,降低高铁肌红蛋白的相对含量,但过高压力(600 MPa)会使DFD牛肉呈现粉红色;超高压处理能显著降低DFD牛肉初始菌落总数(P<0.05),200 MPa(5、10 min)处理组使DFD牛肉初始菌落总数降低0.6、0.8(lg(CFU/g)),400 MPa(5、10 min)处理组降低1.1、1.3(lg(CFU/g)),600 MPa(5、10 min)处理组降低1.7、2.0(lg(CFU/g)),有效抑制了微生物在贮藏期间的生长;对照组在12 d时已腐败,200 MPa处理组在16 d时达到腐败限值,而冷藏16 d,400、600 MPa处理组均未腐败;400 MPa是有效改善DFD牛肉肉色、延长其货架期的最适压力,保压时间的延长对肉色和货架期的影响不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑,400 MPa-10 min是超高压处理DFD牛肉的最适参数,能改善DFD牛肉肉色,同时将货架期至少延长5 d以上。

Innovation and Firm Co-ownership Network in China’s Electric Vehicle Industry

Firms are embedded in complex networks,where diverse ideas combine and generate new ideas.Shareholders of firms are of-ten seen as critical external resources that have significant influence on firm innovation.The current literature tends to focus on the rela-tionship between firms and their shareholders,while paying less attention to the connections between firms with the same shareholders.This article identifies two types of network spillover effects,intra-city network effect and inter-city network effect,by visualizing the co-ownership networks in China’s electric vehicle(EV)industry.We find that firms with the same shareholders,which are defined as co-owned EV firms,are more innovative than non-co-owned ones.Furthermore,there are two dominant types of firm co-ownership ties formed by corporate and financial institution shareholders.While corporate shareholders help exploiting local tacit knowledge,financial institutions are more active in bridging inter-city connections.The conclusion is confirmed at both firm and city levels.This paper theor-izes the firm co-ownership network as a new form of institutional proximity and tested the result empirically.For policy consideration,we have emphasized the importance of building formal or informal inter-firm network,and the government should further enhance the knowledge flow channel by institutional construction.

Turning Dreams Into Reality China is committed to helping African countries to build their space capability

An important feature of China developing its aerospace industry is its insistence on self-reliance and independent innovation,because China firmly believes that aerospace is a hi-tech industry and high core technologies cannot be bought.Only by mastering core technologies can China firmly grasp the initiative in development.

加权firm阈值奇异值分解及其旋转机械故障诊断

奇异值分解(Singular value decomposition,SVD)作为一种有效的信号降噪方法广泛应用于旋转机械振动信号周期性瞬态冲击提取中。传统SVD以能量为导向,无法提取出能量较弱但含故障信息丰富的奇异分量(Singular Component,SC)。为此,提出加权firm阈值奇异值分解(Weighted Firm Singular Value Decomposition,WFSVD)方法。该方法首先引入平方包络谱峭度(Squared Envelope Spectrum Kurtosis,SESK)作为量化故障敏感度的指标,以评估各个SC所含故障信息的丰富程度;其次,将SESK作为权重因子引入到基于firm阈值的SC去噪中,设计基于SESK的加权firm阈值SC去噪策略;最后,重构信号,实现信号降噪并有效提取故障特征。对于仿真信号与试验数据的分析验证了所提方法在周期性微弱瞬态冲击提取及旋转机械故障诊断中的有效性。

The impact of political connections on firm pollution: New evidence based on heterogeneous environmental regulation

Increasing attention has been focused on the extent to which corporate political connections influence the growing pollution due to the rapid growth in the popularity of firm pollution in developing countries.We adopt a static threshold regression model to investigate the effects of heterogeneous environmental regulation on political connections and firm pollution based on the panel data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2019.The empirical results show a non-linear relationship between the degree of political connection of listed company executives and the level of firm pollution.And the relationship between the two roughly presents a U-shaped relationship under the action of the marketincentive environmental regulation threshold.However,it roughly presents an inverted N-shaped relationship under the action of the command-control environmental regulation threshold.Additionally,the group test results show that the existence of regional and ownership heterogeneity causes certain differences in the environmental behaviour of politically connected enterprises.These findings indicate that diverse environmental regulations are needed to promote sustainable green development and to further expand the theoretical and practical exploration of political connections on firm pollution.

SLAF marker based QTL mapping of fruit-related traits reveals a major-effect candidate locus ff2.1 for flesh firmness in melon

Flesh firmness(FF) is an important and complex trait for melon breeders and consumers. However, the genetic mechanism underlying FF is unclear. Here, a soft fruit melon(P5) and a hard fruit melon(P10) were crossed to generate F2, and the FF and fruit-related traits were recorded for two years. By performing quantitative trait locus(QTL) specificlocus amplified fragment(SLAF)(QTL-SLAF) sequencing and molecular marker-linkage analysis, 112 844 SLAF markers were identified, and 5 919 SNPs were used to construct a genetic linkage map with a total genetic distance of1 356.49 cM. Ten FF-and fruit-related QTLs were identified. Consistent QTLs were detected for fruit length(FL) and fruit diameter(FD) in both years, and QTLs for single fruit weight(SFW) were detected on two separate chromosomes in both years. For FF, the consistent major locus(ff2.1) was located in a 0.17-Mb candidate region on chromosome 2. Using 429 F2individuals derived from a cross between P5 and P10, we refined the ff2.1 locus to a 28.3-kb region harboring three functional genes. These results provide not only a new candidate QTL for melon FF breeding but also a theoretical foundation for research on the mechanism underlying melon gene function.

Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening

Fruit development and ripening is a complex procedure(Malus×domestica Borkh.)and can be caused by various factors such as cell structure,cell wall components,and cell wall hydrolytic enzymes.In our study,we focused on the variations in fruit firmness,cell wall morphology and components,the activity of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes and the expression patterns of associated genes during fruit development in two different types of apple cultivars,the hard-crisp cultivar and the loose-crisp cultivar.In this paper,the aim was to find out the causes of the texture variations between the different type cultivars.Cell wall materials(CWMs),hemicellulose and cellulose content were strongly associated with variations in fruit firmness during the fruit development.The content of water soluble pectin(WSP)and chelator soluble pectin(CSP)gradually increased,while the content of ionic soluble pectin(ISP)showed inconsistent trends in the four cultivars.The activities of polygalacturonase(PG),β-galactosidase(β-gal),cellulase(CEL),and pectate lyase(PL)gradually increased in four cultivars.And the activities of PG,β-gal,and CEL were higher in‘Fuji’and‘Honeycrisp’fruit with the fruit development,while the activity of PL of‘Fuji’and‘Honeycrisp’was lower than that of‘ENVY’and‘Modi’.Both four cultivars of fruit cells progressively became bigger as the fruit expanded,with looser cell arrangements and larger cell gaps.According to the qRT-PCR,the relative expression levels of MdACO and Mdβ-gal were notably enhanced.Our study showed that there were large differences in the content of ISP and hemicellulose,the activity of PL and the relative expression of Mdβ-gal between two different types of apple cultivars,and these differences might be responsible for the variations in the texture of the four cultivars.

Geospatial characteristics of fire occurrences in southern hemispheric Africa and Madagascar during 2001-2020

For this study of long-term spatial patterns and trends of active fires in southern hemispheric Africa and on Madagascar from 2001 to 2020,active fire data from the MODIS FIRMS global fire data products were analyzed.The annual center of fire concentration tended to migrate toward the preserved rainforests and nature conservation areas in the Congo Basin and the mountain forests on the northeastern coast of Madagascar.Fire frequency varied seasonally at both study areas.We used geo statistical analysis techniques,such as measures of dispersion and emerging hot spot analysis,to reveal long-term trends in spatial patterns of fire events.In southern hemispheric Africa,the observed active fires tended to drift northward toward the Zambia-DRC border in the Congo basin.This northward migration progressed toward humid rainforests,which were better suited to sustaining repeated fire events.On Madagascar,the observed active fires tended to migrate toward the east coast in protected mountain forests.The spatial patterns of long-term trends showed a concentration of fires in the tropical regions of southern hemispheric Africa.Moreover,smaller clusters of new hot spots were located over eastern South Africa,overlapping with undifferentiated woodlands.On Madagascar,both hot and cold spots were identified and were separated by the highland region in the center of the island.Most of the eastern island was characterized by cold spots that received less precipitation than did the rest of the island.The presence of increasing hots spots in the densely vegetated areas highlights the urgent need for fire prevention and management in this region.

Resource constraints and firm innovation:When less is more?

This paper explores the relationship between resource constraints and innovation of new firms.Drawing upon the relevant literature,we incorporate resource constraints as the antecedent to the bricolage-innovation link.Compared to prior studies that treated resource constraints as a one-dimensional variable,we operationalize it along two dimensions:knowledge constraints and financial constraints.Our argument posits that knowledge constraints and financial constraints act as catalysts for innovation in new firms,with bricolage serving as a mediating role.To test our hypotheses,we conducted a survey involving 183 entrepreneurs in the United States.The data analysis demonstrates that bricolage fully mediates the relationship between knowledge con‐straints and innovation and partially mediates the relationship between financial constraints and innovation.Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Identifying Spatial Heterogeneity in the Effects of High-Tech Firm Density on Housing Prices:Evidence from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

Innovation capitalization is a new concept in innovation geography research.Extant research on a city scale has proven that innovation is an important factor affecting housing prices and verified that innovation has a capitalization effect.However,few studies investigate the spatial heterogeneity of innovation capitalization.Thus,case verification at the urban agglomeration scale is needed.Therefore,this study proposes a theoretical framework for the spatial heterogeneity of innovation capitalization at the urban agglomeration scale.Examining the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GHMGBA),China as a case study,the study investigated the spatial heterogeneity of the influence of high-tech firms,representing innovation,on housing prices.This work verified the spatial heterogeneity of innovation capitalization.The study constructed a data set influencing housing prices,comprising 11 factors in 5 categories(high-tech firms,convenience of living facilities,built environment,the natural environment,and the fundamentals of the districts)for 419 subdistricts in the GHMGBA.On the global scale,the study finds that high-tech firms have a significant and positive influence on housing prices,with the housing price increasing by 0.0156%when high-tech firm density increases by 1%.Furthermore,a semi-geographically weighted regression(SGWR)analysis shows that the influence of high-tech firms on housing prices has spatial heterogeneity.The areas where high-tech firms have a significant and positive influence on housing prices are mainly in the GuangzhouFoshan metropolitan area,western Shenzhen-Dongguan,north-central Zhongshan-Nansha district,and Guangzhou—all areas with densely distributed high-tech firms.These results confirm the spatial heterogeneity of innovation capitalization and the need for further discussion of its scale and spatial limitations.The study offers implications for relevant GHMGBA administrative authorities for spatially differentiated development strategies and housing policies that consider the role of innovation in successful urban development.

无矩阵范数先验条件下解决分裂等式问题

H_1,H_2,H_3是实希尔伯特空间,CH_1,QH_2是两个非空闭凸子集,A H_1→H_3,B:H_2→H_3是两个有界线性算子.我们的兴趣是解决下面的问题:找x∈C,y∈Q使得Ax=By.Moudafi提出了同步迭代算法(SIM)来解决分裂等式问题.为了利用同步迭代算法(SIM),在计算步长时需要知道有界线性算子的范数,这个范数的数值计算中难以实现.本文的主要目的是介绍一种选择步长的方式使得同步迭代算法的完成不需要任何算子的范数.同时,松弛的同步迭代算法也被提出.最后,论文通过数值试验得出这种步长的选择方法使得并行迭代算法收敛更快.

一种优化指针策略的输入排队调度算法

针对FIRM(fcfs in round-robin matching)算法在处理非均匀业务时,延时和丢包性能出现缺陷的问题,在FIRM算法的基础上设计并实现了一种优化指针策略的low-FIRM(longest oldest weighted FIRM)算法。该算法根据队列长度和队首信元等待时间的权值修改输入端口的轮询指针,使得权值大的队列趋于优先服务,从而优化了在非均匀业务下的调度性能。接着给出了low-FIRM算法的性能分析和仿真,与iSLIP(iterative round-robin matching with slip)算法、FIRM算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,low-FIRM与经典算法相比,在均匀业务下的性能近似,而在非均匀业务下性能有了较大的提升。

FIRM序列在胎儿肠道病变诊断中的应用价值

研究中选取胎儿肠道病变患儿,为精确病变的位置及病变诊断的准确性,提出FIRM序列,就FIRM序列在胎儿肠道病变诊断中的应用价值及主要的应用思路进行研究。方法 回顾性分析379例胎儿腹部MRI,包括快速反转恢复运动抑制(FIRM)、扰相位梯度回波(SPGR)、稳态梯度回波(FIESTA)序列,对各序列图像进行质量评价。结果 379例中169例胎儿腹部FIRM序列清晰显示肠道解剖结构,胎儿腹部病变正常显示,余210例未扫FIRM序列的病例受母体及胎儿运动干扰,图像信噪比低,伪影严重。结论 从研究结果中看出,FIRM序列是SPGR序列的补充,对于诊断胎儿腹部病变,提升诊断的准确性及效果等具有积极意义。

Study on Effects of Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate

The moisturizing,barrier protection,firming effects of Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate(V_(C)-HA)are studied.The moisturizing effect was evaluated by detecting hygroscopicity and water-retention capacity.A model of 3D skin injury was established to evaluate the barrier protection effect by detecting the changes in the histomorphological structure of the model and the barrier related proteins.Expression level of type Ⅰ collagen in FB was detected to evaluate the firming effect(Filaggrin,FLG).The results show that V_(C)-HA has better moisturizing effect and obvious barrier protection effects at the concentration of 300μg/mL.Expression level of type I collagen increases with the increase of the V_(C)-HA concentration in the range of 100~6,250μg/mL.In conclusion,a certain concentration of V_(C)-HA has better moisturizing,barrier protection and firming effects.

星载IP交换机中负载平衡CIOQ交换结构的设计

卫星所处的空间环境要求星载设备具有高可靠性,同时在硬件资源消耗方面也需要严格控制。针对星载设备的特殊要求,设计了一种应用于CIOQ交换结构、带有负载平衡和互连故障规避能力的级间调度技术,可提高系统的吞吐率和可靠性。改进的FIRM迭代匹配调度算法能在较短时间内完成一次迭代匹配调度过程,实现了高效的端口交换匹配。使用Xilinx xc7vx690t FPGA实现了完整的16×16的交换结构,其峰值吞吐率可达160 Gb/s,可满足星载交换机的系统设计需求。

Leveraging core capabilities and environmental dynamism for food traceability and firm performance in a food supply chain: A moderated mediation model

This paper develops a moderated mediation model in which the interactive effects of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance are mediated by the core capabilities(operating capabilities and marketing capabilities)in food supply chain context, by invoking the indirect view of organizational learning theory. Our hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods with a sample of 216 food manufacturing firms in China, and a survey-based, two-informant design was used to collect data. The results revealed that operating and marketing capabilities fully mediate the food traceability-performance link. In addition, environmental dynamism positively moderates the food traceability-core capabilities link. Moreover, it is found that operating and marketing capabilities transform the interactive impacts of environmental dynamism and food traceability into firm performance. Our study offers a fine-grained picture of the essential food traceability-performance link by revealing for the first time that there is an interactive impacts of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance via core capabilities.

Prediction of kiwifruit firmness using fruit mineral nutrient concentration by artificial neural network(ANN) and multiple linear regressions(MLR)

Many properties of fruit are influenced by plant nutrition. Fruit firmness is one of the most important fruit characteristics and determines post-harvest life of the fruit, in recent decades, artificial intelligence systems were employed for developing predictive models to estimate and predict many agriculture processes. In the present study, the predictive capabilities of multiple linear regressions （MLR） and artificial neural networks （ANNs） are evaluated to estimate fruit firmness in six months, including each of nutrients concentrations （nitrogen （N）, potassium （K）, calcium （Ca） and magnesium （Mg）） alone （P1）, com- bination of nutrients concentrations （P2）, nutrient concentration ratios alone （P3）, and combination of nutrient concentrations and nutrient concentration ratios （P4）. The results showed that MLR model estimated fruit firmness more accuracy than ANN model in three datasets （P1, P2 and P4）. However, the application of P3 （N/Ca ratio） as the input dataset in ANN model improved the prediction of fruit firmness than the MLR model. Correlation coefficient and root mean squared error （RMSE） were 0.850 and 0.539 between the measured and the estimated data by the ANN model, respectively. Generally, the ANN model showed greater potential in determining the relationship between 6-mon-fruit firmness and nutrients concentration.

Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3 negatively affects the storage performance of postharvest apple fruit

The storage period of fleshy fruits greatly affects their quality and selection,and is largely controlled by genetic factors.Therefore,it is imperative to elucidate how genetic factors affect fruit ripening and its storage.Here,we evaluated the postharvest storage properties of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3-overexpressing transgenic Royal gala apple fruits.During storage,the contents of starch,malic acid,fructose,glucose,and sucrose in fruits of three MdbHLH3 transgenic lines were always higher than those of the wild-type(WT)control.Interestingly,the sugar-acid ratio also showed the same trend during fruit storage.Additionally,the fruit firmness decreased with increasing storage time,and the contents of cell wall components such as water-soluble pectin and cellulose in transgenic fruits were higher than those in control fruits,while the firmness of transgenic fruits was lower than that in WT control fruits.Though the ethylene release rate in both showed the same trend(firstly increasing,then decreasing,and finally peaking)in 90-day stored fruits,transgenic apples had higher ethylene levels than the WT control throughout storage.Furthermore,the activities of membrane peroxidase,antioxidant enzymes,and fruit ripening enzymes in all transgenic fruits were significantly higher than those in the WT control.Thus,our findings show how MdbHLH3 negatively regulates and reduces apple storage time.This may prove useful for not only developing biotechnological strategies,but also support traditional breeding programs,to help improve the storage time of fleshy fruits.

Pre-harvest fruit bagging influences fruit color and quality of apple cv. Delicious

An attempt was made to observe the effect of pre-harvest bagging with spun-bound fabric bags on color and quality of Delicious apple. Bagging was done about a month before harvesting and removed 3-day before harvesting. Bagged and non-bagged fruits were stored at 2℃ ± 1℃ and 90%-95% RH. Observations were recorded on color and fruit quality attributes such as total phenolics, AOX activity, fruit Ca contents, LOX activity, SSC and ascorbic acid contents at harvest and during storage. Our studies have revealed that bagged fruits have better color development (Hunter “a” = 52) than non-bagged fruits at harvest (Hunter “a” = 38), which declined slightly during storage. Similarly, at harvest, bagged fruits contained high amounts of Ca (5.38 mg/100g) and total phenolics (9.3 mg GAE/100gpulp) exhibited higher AOX activity (12.6 μmoles Trolox g-1), and had better SSC and ascorbic acid contents than non-bagged fruits, and there was a decline in all recorded parameters during storage. Bagged fruits exhibited lower LOX activity (1.38 μmoles min-1 g-1 FW) at harvest than non-bagged fruits (2.14 μmoles min-1 g-1 FW), indicating that non-bagged fruits were more senescent than bagged fruits. Further, LOX activity increased during storage both in bagged and non-bagged apples but increase in LOX activity was slower in bagged apples than in non-bagged apples.