Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics： French Philosophy and Social Theory in Relation to Ethics and Philosophy of Management

This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy, this book provides an application of important concepts from contemporary French philosophy to business ethics and the ethics of organizations. Although the book covers a wide range of philosophers and philosophical movements, there is a core and deep unity of the book. This is the demonstration of how the conceptual resources of contemporary French philosophy from the early 20th Century to the present day can be applied to give us new perspectives on business ethics and the ethics of organizations.

Bioethics in the Training and Management of Sport

The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for creating educational and sports management practices to lead with justice, honesty, and beneficence. A questionnaire is developed to ascertain the social determinants and risks of health aspects of sports in a sample of professionals and amateurs. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The study identifies health risks connected with the intensive loading of locomotors system, poor working conditions which cause working trauma and diseases as well as low level of health culture regarding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone, and supplements. There are arguments that the quality of sport education will be achieved by addressing the study of sports ethics coupled with a study of management and law.

Leveraging Predictive Analytics for Strategic Corporate Communications: Enhancing Stakeholder Engagement and Crisis Management

This study explores the integration of predictive analytics in strategic corporate communications, with a specific focus on stakeholder engagement and crisis management. Our mixed-methods approach, which combines a comprehensive literature review with case studies of five multinational corporations, allows us to investigate the applications, challenges, and ethical implications of leveraging predictive models in communication strategies. While our findings reveal significant potential for enhancing personalized content delivery, real-time sentiment analysis, and proactive crisis management, we stress the need for careful consideration of challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithmic bias. This emphasis on ethical implementation is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of predictive analytics in corporate communications. To address these issues, we propose a framework that prioritizes ethical considerations. Furthermore, we identify key areas for future research, thereby contributing to the evolving field of data-driven communication management.

On Scientific-Technological Ethics

Ethics and morality are old and constantly updated topic. In the modern science and technology rapid development situation, study of ethics of science and technology is relatively backward. The times call for advanced and reasonable ethics of science-technology. Basic concepts and characteristics of ethics and morals are distinguished and defined in this paper. Three ethic essences of science-technology are abstracted from scientific-technological generation, application, and development. The three-dimension system of basic principles for scientific-technologic ethics is created, as illustrated by the portions given in this paper. The evolution formula of value system is derived, and used for appraising whether the science-technology activity is in all reason. Furthermore, it provides the theory base for quantified management. Finally, it is pointed out that morality and law should be supplemented each other in the science-technology management.

Management of the Higher Education Institution in the Ethical Actions Context

Managing the university in the context of ethics is one of many elements in the management of this specific organization. The task of university is functioning based on universal values, mission, vision, ethical codes, and responsibility and worthy behavior towards internal and external environment. In the era of globalization and constant changes, only a modernly managed higher education institution, acting according to principles of ethics, is able to meet requirements of surroundings. Behaviors of academic community should promote ethical actions in higher education institutions. It should be noted that the reputation, prestige in higher education, should also be based on the proceedings consistent with ethics.

Leadership Management Superstructure

In the technological boom we see the suggestive innovation which has to stimulate to realise the system of innovations which will be systematically solving present problems. In this case we will require our decision making on the level of innovation process which hinders the rise of the bottleneck in function of managed system. The technical development of management asks the development for its philosophy. In this case we can speak about ＂management of management＂. We need higher level of the realization of complex innovations into the theory and philosophy of management. If we speak about management we do not mean only the productive or enterprising organisations or public administration. Without management it is impossible to live. We need management also if we solve our own problems and or problems in enterprises and in politics. The development of consumer society leads us to deeper quantitative management which is not able to satis~ us by quantity only but because we need also quality not only of products but also in marketing praxis.

Ethics and the Financial and Budgetary Discipline in the Ministry of Defence

This article deals with the relation between ethics and financial and budgetary discipline during economic and social recession in the Czech Republic. We find causes of economic and social recession in the Czech Republic in the loss of democratic and human values. Czech Republic was ranked the 57th place in the Corruption Perceptions index 2013 out of the 177 countries assessed, which is the same result achieved by Bahrain, Croatia, and Namibia. Among the 31 European Union （EU） member states and Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland, the Czech Republic is on the 25th site. Market as well as public sector and public finances should follow unwritten rules of ethics and ethical behavior. Such rules should be followed especially by politicians, officials, soldiers, and businessmen. Do we need ethics in present time？ How is the role of the code of ethics in increasing financial and budgetary discipline in the defence sector？ Is it possible to measure efficiency of the code of ethics for financial and budgetary discipline？ We explain the importance of codes of ethics and formulate essential elements that each code of ethics must contain. Next, we deal with the main rules of both financial and budgetary disciplines. Furthermore, this article offers a comparison of several codes of ethics and describes the main problems in our implementation. In the end, we introduce our draft of Code of Ethics for Economic Service Officer in the Ministry of Defence and talk about possible influences of these codes on the quality of employee＇s performance.

Managerial Ethics-A Tool for Social Crises

Social progress is constantly influenced by corruption and clientelism. One of the major causes is slow activityfrom experts on theoretical and practical management. In their decisions, they are not sufficiently ready to react todynamism of innovations in technical disciplines and current theory and practice in management. Contemporaryphilosophy of management is based on maximising quantity, expecting to deal with quality in due course.Management is focused on quantitative values and disregards the significance of the unity between quantity andquality. This leads to lack of transparency within management and uncertain efficiency of the decision-makingprocess. Disintegration affects the cooperation between individual production and administration branches. Theacademic world sees ethics more as a theoretical discipline connected with social sciences. Many companies,however, have begun to realise the need for innovation as part of successful long-term enterprising and creatingethical relationships inside and outside the company. Corruption scandals and increasing economic crime show thatit is counterproductive to advance business environment without adhering to moral and ethical principles.

Applied Ethics and Modem Enterprises One Viewpoint

Business ethics has been growing from a philosophy discipline to an applied science. That explains its significance for more efficient functioning of various systems in business world. For that reason, organized societies with developed economies invest in empiric, theoretic, and theoretic-empiric investigations of various sectors and applied dimensions of business ethics. Its epistemological sense reflects to increasing productivity, more successful establishing of the system of hierarchy within an enterprise, appropriate formulating the strategy of management, improving the market reputation, increasing profitability, and strengthening social responsibility. The complexity of modem and successful business is based on a series of social factors which spread in the arch from anthropological, socially-psychological, and cultural characteristics of a human being, to quality characteristics of the global society. That is why the scientific information available to business ethics is synthesized from various scientific perspectives. This paradigm is a starting point of this project which is about the above subject. Its cognitive aim is presented through the description, classification, and explanation of the influence of business ethics to successful functioning of every kind of business institution. As a theoretic investigation which grows from verified scientific information and their critical analysis, it relies on standard, general scientific, basic special and general methods which are characteristic to the applied scientific disciplines. Business ethics has clearly established two key cognitive bases of its investigations： 1） personal value attitude; and 2） interests of a company, groups, and individuals in them. This project is only a small contribution to explaining elementary functions of this applied ethics in business world.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility for the Multinational Corporation （MNC）

Business ethics and social responsibility in multinational corporations （MNCs） are more and more challenging, because they are operated in culturally varied environments, which vary from host to host country of each foreign subsidiary and are often very different from the MNC headquarters＇ （HQs） home country culture. A host country＇s societal and cultural factors, combined with local economic conditions and business practices, play major roles in determining the preferred business ethics and social responsibility in each foreign subsidiary. An MNC＇s global HQ should partner with all foreign subsidiaries to determine the global corporate business ethics, social responsibility core, general values, and objectives. Further, each foreign subsidiary should develop in partnership with the HQ, the customized details of its business ethics, social responsibility objectives, goals, strategies, and specific programs for its host country＇s environment.

Environmental Education, Environmental Ethics, and Environmental Perceptions of Food Establishment Employees in a Philippine University

The waste management challenge in university campuses includes food and food packaging materials. Being foremost affected by the food-related waste stream, 92 employees from food establishments located inside the University of the Philippines were provided expert-validated survey questionnaire to identify their perception on environment and pollution as well as describe their awareness on environmental education and environmental ethics concepts. Thirty-nine （42.4%） related the concept of environment mainly to trees, plants, animals, and the physical environment such as rivers. Only twenty-six （28.3%） expressed an attitude of concern on the current state of the environment. Six （6.5%） conveyed negative human behavior as the reason why the environment is in a dismal state and the same percentage （6.5%） showed concern for the environment mainly because humans benefit from it. Fifteen （16.3%） opted not to share their opinion. For perception on pollution, thirty-six （39.1%） linked the concept to the presence of land, air, or water pollution and twenty-three （25%） associated the pollution to negative effects on human health and on the environment. Twelve （13%） mentioned concern over the presence of pollution and twenty-one （22.8%） did not share their opinion on pollution. Awareness on environmental ethics concepts was identified using 15-item Likert Scale Questionnaire. Areas in environmental concepts where participants most strongly agreed include ＂value of life,＂ diversity and intrinsic value, cooperation, common good, and social responsibility. Results of this survey will be integrated into the discourse on the proposed policy of the University of the Philippines to segregate waste at-source. The said policy seeks to ensure that： （1） only food waste from concessionaires will be deposited directly to the compost site; （2） recyclables are to be sold; and （3） only residuals such as non-biodegradables and non-recyclables are to be sent to the dumpsite.

Research on the Ethical Principles of Enterprise Human Resources and Performance Management

In this paper, we conduct the research on ethical principles of enterprise human resources and performance management. After entering the 21 st century, great changes have taken place in the human society, began to turn industrial economic era to knowledge economic era, Global economic integration and to raise the level of competition makes any organization has to make full use of all their resources to ensure its survival and development. As an important organizational resource of the human resources has been more and more attention. Western countries as the most developed country in the world, is also the birthplace of the human resources management related theory and application of the more successful, select an object to the west as the comparison of the Chinese, to promote the improvement of Chinese enterprise human resources management is of great significance. Therefore, we conduct research on the topics which holds special meaning.

河流伦理研究及其在流域综合管理中的应用

流域水资源综合管理蕴含诸多的河流伦理问题。通过介绍河流伦理的内涵及内容,分析黄河“八七”分水方案、新安江生态补偿方案、小水电清理整改方案、都江堰生态水利工程、淮河“水量-水质-水生态”联合调度等案例,重点研讨了流域水资源综合管理面临的河流伦理问题,包括流域水资源分配的公平,河流健康权利,水资源综合管理的公平性、正义性和责任性等。案例表明,河流伦理思想和相关研究将在流域水资源分配、流域生态保护及流域治理中起到重要的基础与支撑作用。展望未来,变化环境下的流域智慧管理与河流伦理的交叉研究,将会产生更加深入结合与发展的成果。

面向国家需求的应急技术与管理专业人才培养体系研究

为推动高校应急技术及管理专业建设、加强应急救援人才培养,基于国家应急需求明确专业定位,从职业道德素养、理论知识体系、实践技术能力等方面,提出应急技术与管理专业人才培养模式。首先,参考《应急救援技术专业教学标准》和《应急救援员国家职业技能标准》中的职业道德要求,确定专业职业素养;其次,从应急管理预防、准备、响应、恢复(PPRR)模型出发,构建覆盖应急管理全周期的专业核心课程体系;然后,提出学训结合、政产研融合,共同推进应急技能培养和实践创新能力提升;最后,从教材建设、师资队伍、培养质量监控、人才考核体系、持续改进机制等方面,构建人才培养质量保障体系。结果表明:结合应急技术与管理专业的公共服务和社会责任属性、全周期工作内容和全灾种、多主体实际应用,构建人才培养体系,可以建立专业人才培养与实务工作需求之间的紧密联系,为培养德才兼备、理论与实践并重的应急领域高层次应用型人才提供借鉴。

智能技术教育应用伦理审视与纾解:基于戈夫曼“拟剧论”的视角

智能技术在赋能教育系统转型升级的同时,也引发诸多伦理问题。基于戈夫曼“拟剧论”分析框架,从区域行为、理想化自我、神秘化、缺席对待、再合作行为等视角切入剖析智能技术教育应用引发的五个典型伦理问题,即人格异化、数据偏见、算法黑箱、人工情感泛滥和角色入侵。依此提出“印象管理:实现人格的自我协同;消除偏见:培育主体的数据素养;去神秘化:提高算法应用透明度;忠诚对待:走向‘人—机’情感融合;明晰边界:促进人与技术的角色认同”的消解进路,纾解智能技术教育应用导致的伦理冲突。微观社会学给人们思考智能技术教育应用伦理问题提供新的视角,所提出的伦理消解策略能为智能技术与教育系统的良性融合、生态发展提供借鉴。

器官捐献移植伦理审查信息系统开发的必要性与方案设计研究

目前国内医院器官捐献与移植伦理审查模式普遍存在突发性、无计划性,且时间紧、召集会议难、委员培训难、伦理审查质量及效率普遍不高等现状,无法满足临床需求和造成一些紧缺资源的浪费。昆明市第一人民医院人体器官移植技术临床应用与伦理委员会团队结合10多年审查实践经验,不断探索优化器官捐献与移植伦理审查流程与操作规程,专项申请获批,并与苏州大学、福建省医学伦理委员会共同研发构建器官捐献与移植伦理审查全流程信息软件系统管理平台,充分发挥审查信息系统具有的提升工作效率、提高审查质量、方便全流程信息管理及开展委员线上培训学习等优势功能,以期为解决人体器官捐献与移植伦理审查工作有关困难与难题做出专项实操性范本。

科技伦理规范治理与科研诚信建设

在当今科技快速发展的时代,科技伦理规范治理与科研诚信建设显得尤为重要。论文阐述了科技伦理和科研诚信的发展概况、意义、现状、举措等,认为有必要营造良好的诚信科研环境,提高全社会的科技伦理意识和科研诚信水平。科技伦理规范治理与科研诚信建设是相辅相成的。一方面,科技伦理规范为科研诚信提供了道德指引和行为准则;另一方面,科研诚信又是科技伦理规范得以有效实施的重要保障。二者共同构成了一个健全的科技创新生态环境,有助于激发创新活力,促进科技活动的健康发展。

研究型医院临床研究全流程质量控制的构建与运行

研究型医院开展的临床研究项目越来越多。通过对研究型医院开展的临床研究进行包括立项前、实施中、结题后等多角度、全流程的质量控制,可以及时识别临床研究中存在的风险或潜在风险因素,实时评估并解决质量问题,避免发生重大临床研究问题的可能性。研究型医院通过全流程质控过程中及时主动发现问题,确立协调机制、优化沟通流程,减少研究项目质量问题的发生,持续完善临床研究的质量管理体系,保证研究合规、数据完整准确,提升研究结论的可靠性。

远程采集数字健康技术赋能临床研究的伦理探讨

近年来,随着可实现远程采集的数字健康技术逐步成熟,越来越多的临床研究应用这一技术提高了数据收集的质量并减轻研究参与者负担。但是,其脱离诊疗环境以及实时传输敏感信息的技术特点,也对受试者权益保障以及数据规范管理造成相应的风险,其中个人信息保护和数据控制权限是较为突出的问题。在风险分析和法规梳理的基础上,探讨申办方、研究者、临床试验机构及伦理委员会多方职责,并提出五项伦理审查特殊关注要素,以期为推动临床研究中数字健康技术部分的规范开展提供参考。