Study protocol of the Asian XELIRI ProjecT(AXEPT):a multinational,randomized,non-inferiority,phase Ⅲ trial of second-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, comparing the eicacy and safety of XELIRI with or without bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI w

Background: Capecitabine and irinotecan combination therapy(XELIRI) has been examined at various dose levels to treat metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC). Recently, in the Association of Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society(AIO) 0604 trial, tri?weekly XELIRI plus bevacizumab, with reduced doses of irinotecan(200 mg/m^2 on day 1) and capecitabine(1600 mg/m^2 on days 1–14), repeated every 3 weeks, has shown favorable tolerability and eicacy which were comparable to those of capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX) plus bevacizumab. The doses of capecit?abine and irinotecan in the AIO trial are considered optimal. In a phase I/II study, XELIRI plus bevacizumab(BIX) as second?line chemotherapy was well tolerated and had promising eicacy in Japanese patients.Methods: The Asian XELIRI Projec T(AXEPT) is an East Asian collaborative, open?labelled, randomized, phase Ⅲ clinical trial which was designed to demonstrate the non?inferiority of XELIRI with or without bevacizumab versus standard FOLFIRI(5?fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan combination) with or without bevacizumab as second?line chemo?therapy for patients with m CRC. Patients with 20 years of age or older, histologically conirmed m CRC, Eastern Coop?erative Oncology Group performance status 0–2, adequate organ function, and disease progression or intolerance of the irst?line regimen will be eligible. Patients will be randomized(1:1) to receive standard FOLFIRI with or with?out bevacizumab(5 mg/kg on day 1), repeated every 2 weeks(FOLIRI arm) or XELIRI with or without bevacizumab(7.5 mg/kg on day 1), repeated every 3 weeks(XELIRI arm). A total of 464 events were estimated as necessary to show non?inferiority with a power of 80% at a one?sided α of 0.025, requiring a target sample size of 600 patients. The 95% conidence interval(CI) upper limit of the hazard ratio was pre?speciied as less than 1.3.Conclusion: The Asian XELIRI Projec T is a multinational phase III trial being conducted to provide evidence for XELIRI with or without bevacizumab as a second?line treatment option of mCRC.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

The Substantive Reform of Court Trials: A Transformation of Logic in the Methods of Evidence Investigation——Summary of the Reform Pilot Project in Chengdu

In the pilot project of the substantive reform of court trials,“unexpected” judgments appeared constantly because the traditional documentary investigation mode has been replaced by an investigation mode under the principle of directness and verbalism. This change in the logic of factual judgments has caused a change in the methods of evidence examination. In traditional evidence examination, evidence obtained from investigations is supposed to be genuine and reliable. In the substantive reform of court trials, it is presumed that evidence obtained from investigations cannot be fully trusted and it is easier to ascertain the facts of the case by investigating using the principles of directness, verbalism and individualized judging methods for evidence examinations. In practice, there are three main factors affecting the genuineness of evidence: the cognitive rules of testifiers, the motivation of the subjects who provide evidence, and the methods used by investigators to obtain evidence. Based on any one of these three factors, it cannot be concluded that evidence obtained from investigations is superior to evidence presented in court. The substantive court investigation is more advantageous to establishing the facts of a case than the traditional court investigation. The essential characteristics of the substantive reform of court trials are pursuing reality in essence instead of in form, and using the files of the court trials instead of the files of the investigation to avoid the evidence obtained through investigations from playing a decisive role in the adjudication thus making criminal procedures trial-centered rather than investigation-centered.

The second natural gas hydrate production test in the South China Sea

Clayey silt reservoirs bearing natural gas hydrates(NGH)are considered to be the hydrate-bearing reservoirs that boast the highest reserves but tend to be the most difficult to exploit.They are proved to be exploitable by the first NGH production test conducted in the South China Sea in 2017.Based on the understanding of the first production test,the China Geological Survey determined the optimal target NGH reservoirs for production test and conducted a detailed assessment,numerical and experimental simulation,and onshore testing of the reservoirs.After that,it conducted the second offshore NGH production test in 1225 m deep Shenhu Area,South China Sea(also referred to as the second production test)from October 2019 to April 2020.During the second production test,a series of technical challenges of drilling horizontal wells in shallow soft strata in deep sea were met,including wellhead stability,directional drilling of a horizontal well,reservoir stimulation and sand control,and accurate depressurization.As a result,30 days of continuous gas production was achieved,with a cumulative gas production of 86.14×104 m3.Thus,the average daily gas production is 2.87×10^4 m^3,which is 5.57 times as much as that obtained in the first production test.Therefore,both the cumulative gas production and the daily gas production were highly improved compared to the first production test.As indicated by the monitoring results of the second production test,there was no anomaly in methane content in the seafloor,seawater,and atmosphere throughout the whole production test.This successful production test further indicates that safe and effective NGH exploitation is feasible in clayey silt NGH reservoirs.The industrialization of hydrates consists of five stages in general,namely theoretical research and simulation experiments,exploratory production test,experimental production test,productive production test,and commercial production.The second production test serves as an important step from the exploratory production test to experimental production test.

A Balance Between Court Security and Fair Trials:Court Cages in Criminal Cases——Using European Court of Human Rights Cases for Reference

In response to the 'cages in courts' issue in criminal trials,after reviewing a series of cases such as 'Svinarenko and Slyadnev v.Russia',the European Court of Human Rights has gradually clarified that the 'human dignity of the accused and his right to a fair trial are higher than the value of court security',thus found that putting the accused in a cage dock or improper use of a glass cabin dock are in breach of Article 3 and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights,constitutes degrading treatment and violates the right to a fair trial.This position is in line with the international overall trend,which is of significance as a reference for China’s courts.Domestic courts should take the initiative to change the current use of the 'low fence dock' to further enhance China’s judicial civilization.

Prospect Analysis of the Application of the Jury System in Our Country

Can the jury system replace the system of people's assessors and find a way out of the jury system dilemma in our country? The author gives an affirmative answer that the jury system should be established as soon as possible in our country in order to give full play to the efficacy and value of judicial democracy and supervision. This paper tries to analyze from the following three aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the differences and advantages and disadvantages of two jury patterns including the jury system and the mixed court system; then,based on the statement of development and existing problems of the mixed court system in our country,it analyzes the feasibility of application of the jury system in our country combining with national conditions; finally, social effect of the introduction of the jury system is evaluated,which affects the situation as a whole domino.

审判阶段涉案企业合规改革检法衔接协同问题探究

人民法院如何接纳、吸收检察机关已经取得的合规成果,可以从厘清“检察主导”与“以审判为中心”的诉讼法律关系、调试企业合规与认罪认罚从宽的关系以及处理合规运行中的技术情形等三方面探究。“检察主导”与“以审判为中心”在合规启动决定权归属、合规过程掌控权以及合规成果转化等方面存在矛盾。检法的合规控制权冲突可以被调和,检察机关侧重于过程控制,审判机关侧重于实体控制。企业合规可与认罪认罚从宽制度融合构建,且是认罪认罚从宽制度在单位犯罪治理方面的深化,可通过认罪因素对合规的影响、量刑建议在合规中的定位、量刑建议材料优化等角度描述二者的融合表现。企业合规的适用条件应当符合改革目的,需关注审前合规与审判合规的衔接,法院为合规顺利开展提供的诉讼技术支持,以及撤回起诉的程序法与实体法区别等问题。人民法院应以“独立评估”模式参加一审阶段的企业合规,以“法院主导”模式参加二审上诉阶段的企业合规。

庭审实质化视角下讯问被告人程序改革研究

“以审判为中心”的刑事诉讼制度改革,重心在于庭审实质化的实现。然而,我国刑事法庭调查阶段讯问被告人程序存在诸多问题,成为了庭审实质化的明显阻碍。该程序在我国刑事诉讼中发挥着对庭审走向定调、确定被告人认罪态度及案件争点和与控方优势暗合的实际作用。比较研究表明,刑事诉讼程序包括讯问被告人程序的设计应始终遵循“不得强迫任何人证明自己有罪”的基本理念。我国的讯问被告人程序,是“职权主义诉讼模式”“印证证明模式”和“案卷笔录中心主义”共同形塑下的产物。在未来的《刑事诉讼法》修改中,应当对该程序进行改革,赋予被告人选择是否作为控方证人接受检察官询问的权利,凸显被告人的主体性地位,优化调整庭审布局,以推进庭审实质化的落实,进而确保司法公正的实现。

刑事案件二审开庭难的理论反思

刑事二审开庭范围是2012年《刑事诉讼法》修改的重点内容,但囿于个案的消极影响、考核的指标主导等,时至今日,它仍然是“未完成的改革”。刑事二审开庭问题受到制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约,需要在优化和调整审批程序、考核指标的基础上,确立程序公正优先的价值目标,指导制度改革。2023年9月开展的为期一年的“促进提高刑事案件二审开庭率专项工作”已取得显著成效,为了巩固专项工作成果,避免考核指导下的数字泡沫和虚假繁荣,《刑事诉讼法》再修改进程中需要及时作出制度回应,形成规范化、科学化的制度设计:首先,应当充分体现正当程序与诉讼构造的指引,进而突破刑事二审开庭问题中制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约;其次,在刑事二审开庭范围的具体制度设计上,可以考虑由列举应当开庭的案件范围转变为列举可以不开庭的案件范围,进一步明确“以开庭为原则,以不开庭为例外”;最后,还需要构建起针对二审不开庭的上诉人权利救济途径和法律监督机制,为刑事二审开庭问题提供具有刚性的程序保障。

剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠行阴道试产的临床可行性分析

目的 研究剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠行阴道试产的临床可行性。方法 选择剖宫产术后再次妊娠行阴道试产的66例产妇作为瘢痕组,另选择同期非瘢痕子宫妊娠行阴道试产的66例产妇作为非瘢痕组。比较两组阴道试产结果,阴道试产成功产妇产程,产后出血量、住院时间及产后胎盘残留发生情况,不良妊娠结局发生情况,新生儿Apgar评分。结果 瘢痕组与非瘢痕组的阴道试产成功率(78.79%VS 84.85%)、转剖宫产率(21.21%VS 15.15%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。瘢痕组阴道试产成功产妇第一、二、三产程及总产程时间与非瘢痕组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。瘢痕组产后出血量(210.28±56.36)ml、住院时间(3.69±1.62)d和产后胎盘残留发生率12.12%与非瘢痕组的(205.17±49.69)ml、(3.71±1.59)d、7.58%(5/66)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。瘢痕组不良妊娠结局发生率(13.64%)与非瘢痕组(10.61%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。瘢痕组出生后1、5、10 min的新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组新生儿预后良好,无转入新生儿科记录。结论 剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫再次妊娠产妇的阴道试产成功率与非瘢痕子宫妊娠产妇基本一致,且未增加产程时间及产后出血量,不良妊娠结局发生率无明显升高,临床应用安全性可靠,证实该类产妇经阴道分娩的可行性较强,对提升阴道分娩率及降低剖宫产率具有重要应用价值。

场景置换:元宇宙虚拟庭审下的未成年人出庭作证

元宇宙技术的迭代发展,将传统在线诉讼的二维平面推向三维立体的虚拟法庭空间,为司法实践中未成年人证人出庭作证难题的解决提供了新的思路。其方式是通过创造一个高精度的数字孪生场景,打造一个与真实法庭别无二致,且功能相同、效力相同的虚拟法庭,并以“数字分身”为媒介,以“人在回路中”的方式将未成年人证人从线下真实法庭置换至虚拟法庭场景中,达至与线下出庭作证一样的作证效果。囿于未成年人的特殊性以及未成年人权益优先保护的需要,因此须对未成年人证人出庭作证采取与成年人证人作证不同的诉讼方式,即未成年人证人适用元宇宙虚拟庭审出庭作证,以实现打击犯罪、保障人权、查明案件事实以及“庭审实质化”的目标。

破产事务行政管理的实践与展望——以深圳破产改革为视角

在市场化、法治化破产制度体系下,建立高效协同的府院联动机制是提升破产办理质效、促进营商环境优化的有力抓手,其核心是形成司法权与行政权良性的互动协作关系。深圳在破产改革中设立了专门的破产事务管理机构,构建起符合破产办理特点和需求的“四位一体”破产办理体制,实践中已形成大量创新成果,但同时也需要解决破产审判与事务管理界限不清、府院之间存在观念差异、破产事务管理职能实施制度供给不足等现实问题。在未来破产事务行政管理体系的构建中,需要进一步夯实破产事务管理权的法治基础,准确定位破产事务管理机构在破产办理中的角色,并在此基础上推进破产事务行政管理专业化、系统化、多元化发展,为建立完善的破产法律体系提供坚实保障。

人工智能参与审判对司法领域的影响研究——以法官自由裁量权为例

随着智慧法院建设的发展,人工智能也应用到了司法领域中。在庭审过程中,人工智能具有主持庭审过程、记录庭审笔录、进行证据推定、生成裁判文书等功能,并且还可以根据算法直接聚集案件争议的焦点。由此法官无须提前阅卷,避免了法官对案件先入为主,保证了以审判为中心的庭审过程。人工智能参与审判也可以推动司法公开和推进司法裁量统一,以促进“同案同判”的实现和对法官行使自由裁量权进行监督,从而规范法官自由裁量权的行使,促进法律更加公平公正。

侦审信息阻断机制构建与三原则重新解读——我国刑事庭审实质化出路探索

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出,要严格公正司法,深化司法体制综合配套改革,全面准确落实司法责任制,加快建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度。庭审实质化既是巩固“以审判为中心”改革举措的关键手段,也是一个国家司法文明的重要体现。我国当前庭审实质化改革中遭遇案卷依赖的阻碍,究其原因是对“分工负责,互相配合,互相制约”三原则的误读,以致于产生“流水线”式固化诉讼结构,继而出现庭审依赖案卷的现象。因此,有必要对庭审实质化的意义、所面临的阻碍以及消解这些阻碍的对策等相关问题做出妥善处理。这对于坚持走中国特色社会主义法治道路,建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家具有深刻意义。

有图自东方来:明信片上的清末司法场景

19世纪末20世纪初,在华西方人印制了不少以清末中国的自然景观和人文景观、内政外交和社会生活为题材的明信片,其中有些涉及拘捕、庭审、枷号、站笼以及死刑执行的场景。这些明信片既记录了司法实践的某些真实片段,亦反映了西方人的东方主义心态。这些照片、绘画及据以制作的明信片,强化与扩大了中国酷刑实践的视觉效果与传播范围,使西方人能有更多机会接受中国司法的负面形象,在一定程度上达到了污名化中国司法的意图。鉴于法律史学界极少关注这些图像资料,因此,对其进行图像学分析与文化学解读,将有助于反思、解构以及批判西方人对清末中国司法实践的话语,并推进对清末司法文化的研究。

海事法院集中管辖航空案件的路径构建——以服务保障海南自贸港建设为视角

航空案件(1)专业性较强,传统管辖模式无法保障案件办理效果,当前对航空案件集中管辖的探索存在合法性不足、诉讼便利性减弱等问题,原因在于制度设计偏离其功能定位。集中管辖有利于服务保障海南自贸港建设、提高治理效能、优化司法资源,应当厘清管辖制度的功能定位,从诉讼经济、司法效能等维度设计其运行框架。海口海事法院(以下简称海事法院)在专业化审判、跨区域管辖及政策支持等层面具有集中管辖该类案件的可行性。据此,从集中管辖的顶层设计、案件范围、配套机制等方面提出具体的构建路径。

从检察主导到法院主导:涉案企业合规改革的理想模式

企业合规改革在司法层面的刑事激励手段,包括前期检察机关的合规不起诉和后期法院主动参与的合规量刑从宽两方面。现阶段的理论研究和实践探索多着眼于前者,而对后者的关注偏少。当前实践中,运用合规不起诉存在适用范围有限、检察求刑权越界、正当性不足等问题,限制了合规改革的效果。扩大改革辐射范围,推进建立审判环节刑事激励体系,是以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的题中之义。理想的合规改革模式是从主体、制度、证据、审限四个维度进行解释论分析,明确法院的主导、裁判地位,确立合规从宽的量刑激励制度,赋予合规材料法定证据资格,优化审限管理,建立法院参与改革的“四梁八柱”,解决无法可依、无章可循等应用障碍,以更好应对现实挑战。

抗战胜利后湖南汉奸审判工作简论

抗战胜利后,审判汉奸是湖南高等法院开展的一项重要司法工作。湖南高等法院审判汉奸主要经过一审、复判、再审和执行等司法程序,在审判汉奸的实践过程中实行公开审判、辩护、两审终审等司法制度。湖南高等法院审判汉奸起到了维护战后社会秩序的稳定、推动汉奸审判从非常态到常态化的转变和重塑法律的公正权威等成效,同时也存在司法腐败、司法不公和行政干预等不足。

未登记不动产抵押合同中抵押人法律责任探究——基于相关规范之比较视角

未登记不动产抵押合同中抵押人责任实质为违约责任。违约责任为无过错责任,“担保制度解释”第46条与《民法典》第593条之规定相冲突。若认定抵押人应承担补充责任,则意味抵押人通过违约取得了先诉抗辩权,较之抵押权有效设立状态下的责任反而有所减轻,侵害了守约方之权益;若直接认定抵押人承担连带责任又无法律规定及当事人约定之依据。在不突破现有违约规则,又避免抵押人仅承担补充责任对债权人之损害,可考虑基于违约补救规则,以司法解释或者指导案例明确债权人可请求抵押人在抵押物价值范围内承担连带担保责任予以补救。

剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠经阴道分娩状况及影响因素。方法:回顾性收集2021年1月至2024年1月期间在本院分娩的剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇的临床资料。所有产妇均进行阴道试产,并根据最终产妇分娩方式的不同,将产妇分为经阴道分娩组(阴道试产成功,n=36)和剖宫产组(阴道试产失败转剖宫产,n=14)。收集比较两组的基线资料,分析比较导致产妇试产失败的独立危险因素。结果:本研究50例剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇,经阴道试产成功率为72.00%(36/50),中转剖宫产率28.00%(14/50)。Logistic回归分析显示,孕期增重不合理、宫颈成熟评分<6分、妊娠间隔时间不足4y、胎儿双顶径过大、产妇情绪焦虑都是导致剖宫产再次妊娠产妇经阴道试产失败的独立危险因素。结论:剖宫产术后再次妊娠产妇经阴道分娩试产成功率为72.00%,孕期增重不合理、宫颈成熟评分<6分、妊娠间隔时间不足4y、胎儿双顶径过大、产妇情绪焦虑都是导致剖宫产再次妊娠产妇经阴道试产失败的独立危险因素。