The First Discovery of the Late Cretaceous Protoceratopsid Fauna from Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China

Objective Alxa,located in western Inner Mongolia,is covered by desert in many places with few Cretaceous outcrops.Only some Early Cretaceous dinosaur fossils have been discovered from several areas in Alxa Zuoqi and Ejin Qi,but no Late Cretaceous dinosaur fauna has been formally reported in Alxa.Fortunately,

First Discovery of Gold Ore Bodies in the Lieryu Formation of the Liaohe Group in the Liaodong Area, China

Objective Numerous large deposits magnesite, and talc are Liaodong area, within of lead-zinc, gold, boron, distributed throughout the different layers of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe Group. The Liaohe Group comprises five formations as follows （from bottom to top）. The Langzishan Formation consists of volcaniclastic rocks containing copper, cobalt, and iron deposits. The Lieryu Formation is a set of volcanic sedimentary facies accompanied by small amounts of continental-margin mixed volcanic sedimentary rocks containing boron and magnetite deposits. The Gaojiayu Formation consists of carbonaceous clay-bearing carbonate rocks and contains the most important graphite deposit. The Dashiqao Formation consists of carbonate rocks containing lead-zinc and magnesite deposits. The Gaixian Formation comprises clastic and volcaniclastic rocks, and contains the most important gold deposit. Historically, gold prospecting has focused on the Gaixian Formation; however, gold ore bodies have been discovered during iron ore mining in the Lieryu Formation （Dayinggou area）, indicating possible existence of larger gold deposits in the area.

The First Discovery of Rhyolite Interlayer in the Mugagangri Group in the Bangonghu-Nujiang Suture Zone, Tibet and the U-Pb Dating

Objective The Mugagangri group （MP）, named by Wen Shixuan （1979） in the southeast Mugegebori Mountain which is the main peak of Mugagangri, is a flysch formation with deep semi-deep marine sedimentary features in the Bangonghu -Nujiang suture zone （BNSZ）. The lithology is mainly composed of sandstones, graywackes, siltstones and silty mudstones with low-grade metamorphism. The previously defined Mugagangri group continues from east to west for nearly 2000 km in BNSZ as a matrix part associated with ophiolitic melange blocks, and is considered to be part of the deep marine sedimentary cover of ophiolites.

The First Discovery of Sulfide Inclusions within Apatite from Hornblende Cumulated Crystals

Objective Sulfide inclusions within natural mineral phases play important roles in exploring the origin of magmatic sulfides ores,tracing the distribution of sulfur in mantle or crust and understanding continental mantle evolution（partial melting and metasomatism in upper mantle）.Until now,varieties of sulfide inclusions have been extensively discovered in the ultramafic or mafic phenocrysts.

The First Discovery of the Easternmost Jehol Biota from Southeastern Jilin, China

Objective The Jehol Biota, a world-famous Early Cretaceous fossil Lagersttate characterized by the traditional Eosestheria-Ephemeropsis-Lycoptera （EEL） assemblage, has a wide distribution over most parts of northem China, the coastal area of southeastem China, southeastem Mongolia, Transbaikalian area of Russia, Korea and Japan （Shao et al., 2017）. The Baishan Basin, situated in southeastern Jilin is one of the easternmost Jehol Biota localities in China. Until now, the fossils here belonging to Jehol Biota have not yet been reported except for few fossils listed in geological survey reports. The fossil collections here are noteworthy in that they are the first fossil record documented from the Early Cretaceous Yingzuilazi Formation of the Baishan Basin, southeastern Jilin and the easternmost locality of Jehol Biota, China. This finding is important to explore the distribution, evolution and biodiversity of the Jehol Biota and even the Late Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystem, as well as for the division and correlation of the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata.

The Discovery of Natural Native Uranium and Its Significance

This study analyzed the composition and uranium valence of pitchblendes sampled from the hydrothermal Guidong and Zhuguang uranium deposits of the middle Nanling metallogenic belt, Southern China using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.A revolutionary discovery is that the uranium not only exists in the forms of tetravalent and hexavalent uranium oxides, but also occurs in the form of native uranium.This is the first discovery of the existence of native uranium in nature.It greatly helps to reveal the origin of hydrothermal mineralization of uranium, and also has great significance for studying the thermal energy, formation and evolution of the earth.