Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant...Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant furnishing in Tanhua temple,Black Dragon Pool,Masijid of Shuncheng,Haiyuan temple and Golden Shrine which are famous temple garden in Kunming. A simple interpretation was drawn of artistic characteristics on temple garden in Kunming during the Ming and Qing dynasties via analytical investigation on many factors which influenced the development of garden of Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Then we have reviewed the elemental traits of temple garden built at that time,put forward some constructive suggestions on how to protect and develop those temple garden now still exist in Kunming.展开更多
The problem of collinear periodic cracks in an infinite piezoelectric body is studied. Effect of saturation strips at the crack-tips is taken into account. By means of the Stroh formalism and the conformal mapping tec...The problem of collinear periodic cracks in an infinite piezoelectric body is studied. Effect of saturation strips at the crack-tips is taken into account. By means of the Stroh formalism and the conformal mapping technique, the general periodic solutions for collinear cracks are obtained. The stress intensity factors and the size of saturation strips are derived analytically, and their dependencies on the ratio of the periodicity on the half-length of the crack are analyzed in detail. Numerical results show the following two facts. （1） When h/l 〉 4.0, the stress intensity factors become almost identical to those of a single crack in an infinite piezoelectric body. This indicates that the interaction between cracks can be ignored in establishing the criterion for the crack initiation in this case. （2） The speed of the saturation strip size of periodic cracks approaching that of a single crack depends on the electric load applied at infinity. In general, a large electric load at infinity is associated with a slow approaching speed.展开更多
The soft X-ray interference lithography(XIL) branch beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is briefly introduced in this article. It is designed for obtaining 1D(line/space) and 2D(dot/hole)periodic...The soft X-ray interference lithography(XIL) branch beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is briefly introduced in this article. It is designed for obtaining 1D(line/space) and 2D(dot/hole)periodic nanostructures by using two or more coherent extreme ultraviolet(EUV) beams from an undulator source. A transmission-diffraction-grating type of interferometer is used at the end station. Initial results reveal high performance of the beamline, with 50 nm half-pitch 1D and 2D patterns from a single exposure area of400 μm× 400 μm. XIL is used in a growing number of areas, such as EUV resist test, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) and color filter plasmonic devices. By using highly coherent EUV beam, broadband coherent diffractive imaging can be performed on the XIL beamline. Well reconstructed pinhole of φ20 μm has been realized.展开更多
Litter is an important part of forest ecosystem and its decomposition process is the key link of nutrient cycling in forest ecosystem.Accurate determination of litter decomposition dynamics is very important to study ...Litter is an important part of forest ecosystem and its decomposition process is the key link of nutrient cycling in forest ecosystem.Accurate determination of litter decomposition dynamics is very important to study the pattern and process of forest ecosystem.This paper selected The Gongga Mountain Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station at an altitude of 3000 m to observe and determine litter decomposition process of the Abies fabri forest over a long period of time.The results showed that:①The decomposition rate of litter was broadleaf>needles>dead branches,and the time required to decompose half of broadleaf,needles and dead branches was 6.8 years,10.5 years and 14.5 years respectively;the time of decompose 95%of them was 29.3 years,45.6 years and 63.1 years,respectively;②Regardless of broadleaf,needles or dead branches,the organic carbon content of them decreased with time,while the decomposition rate of organic carbon increased with time;By using the exponential decay model the decomposition coefficient of litter organic carbon calculated was broadleaf>needle>dead branches;③The organic carbon released by the annual decomposition of broadleaf,needles and dead branches in Abies fabri forest was 52.18,4.32 and 0.67 kg/hm^2,respectively.The total amount of organic carbon released by various litter was 61.13 kg/hm^2 per year,accounting for 6.58%of the total organic carbon of litter.展开更多
文摘Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant furnishing in Tanhua temple,Black Dragon Pool,Masijid of Shuncheng,Haiyuan temple and Golden Shrine which are famous temple garden in Kunming. A simple interpretation was drawn of artistic characteristics on temple garden in Kunming during the Ming and Qing dynasties via analytical investigation on many factors which influenced the development of garden of Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Then we have reviewed the elemental traits of temple garden built at that time,put forward some constructive suggestions on how to protect and develop those temple garden now still exist in Kunming.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No.20070410944)
文摘The problem of collinear periodic cracks in an infinite piezoelectric body is studied. Effect of saturation strips at the crack-tips is taken into account. By means of the Stroh formalism and the conformal mapping technique, the general periodic solutions for collinear cracks are obtained. The stress intensity factors and the size of saturation strips are derived analytically, and their dependencies on the ratio of the periodicity on the half-length of the crack are analyzed in detail. Numerical results show the following two facts. （1） When h/l 〉 4.0, the stress intensity factors become almost identical to those of a single crack in an infinite piezoelectric body. This indicates that the interaction between cracks can be ignored in establishing the criterion for the crack initiation in this case. （2） The speed of the saturation strip size of periodic cracks approaching that of a single crack depends on the electric load applied at infinity. In general, a large electric load at infinity is associated with a slow approaching speed.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB825700)the Open Research Project of Large Scientific Facility from Chinese Academy of Sciences:Study on Self-Assembly Technology and Nanometer Array with Ultra-high Density
文摘The soft X-ray interference lithography(XIL) branch beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) is briefly introduced in this article. It is designed for obtaining 1D(line/space) and 2D(dot/hole)periodic nanostructures by using two or more coherent extreme ultraviolet(EUV) beams from an undulator source. A transmission-diffraction-grating type of interferometer is used at the end station. Initial results reveal high performance of the beamline, with 50 nm half-pitch 1D and 2D patterns from a single exposure area of400 μm× 400 μm. XIL is used in a growing number of areas, such as EUV resist test, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) and color filter plasmonic devices. By using highly coherent EUV beam, broadband coherent diffractive imaging can be performed on the XIL beamline. Well reconstructed pinhole of φ20 μm has been realized.
基金Sponsored by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0503305)CAS Key Technology Talent Program(CAS201665)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41771062)
文摘Litter is an important part of forest ecosystem and its decomposition process is the key link of nutrient cycling in forest ecosystem.Accurate determination of litter decomposition dynamics is very important to study the pattern and process of forest ecosystem.This paper selected The Gongga Mountain Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station at an altitude of 3000 m to observe and determine litter decomposition process of the Abies fabri forest over a long period of time.The results showed that:①The decomposition rate of litter was broadleaf>needles>dead branches,and the time required to decompose half of broadleaf,needles and dead branches was 6.8 years,10.5 years and 14.5 years respectively;the time of decompose 95%of them was 29.3 years,45.6 years and 63.1 years,respectively;②Regardless of broadleaf,needles or dead branches,the organic carbon content of them decreased with time,while the decomposition rate of organic carbon increased with time;By using the exponential decay model the decomposition coefficient of litter organic carbon calculated was broadleaf>needle>dead branches;③The organic carbon released by the annual decomposition of broadleaf,needles and dead branches in Abies fabri forest was 52.18,4.32 and 0.67 kg/hm^2,respectively.The total amount of organic carbon released by various litter was 61.13 kg/hm^2 per year,accounting for 6.58%of the total organic carbon of litter.
