A Study on Differences between Children’s First Language and Adults’Second Language Acquisition

Children’s first language(L1)acquisition is generally regarded as natural and effortless.However,adults’second language(L2)acquisition is rather painstaking.The assumption of innate universal language properties,the Universal Grammar and Language Acquisition Device,is proposed to explain the phenomenon of children’s ease in L1 acquisition.The Critical Period Hypothesis or Sensitive Period Hypothesis is also suggested.In terms of the differences in the processes of children’s L1 and adults’L2 acquisition,the following differences are presented:age,motivation,environment,and content.Meanwhile,interference to adults’L2 acquisition is also discussed.

The Correlation between L1A and Second Language Teaching

L1A(first language acquisition)is expected to shed light on the L2(second language)teaching.However,how far L1A correlates with second language teaching is an argument that never ends.Hence,the hypotheses on L1A and its connection with L2 Teaching are analyzed,along with a discussion on the relationship between L1A,L2A and L2 Teaching.The limitation of L1A to L2T is elaborated from the aspect of literacy,age and time distinction.

On Variables Affecting L1 Transfer in L2 Acquisition

This paper focuses on variables affecting L1 transfer in L2 acquisition, which, according to the author, are categorized into three groups： learner-related variables, language-based variables and socio-linguistic variables, and each of them is clarified in more details.

The Effect of Using L1 （Arabic Language） in the L2 （English Language） Classroom on the Achievement in General English of Foundation Year Students in King Abdulaziz University

This study aims at investigating the effect of using L 1 （Arabic Language） while teaching a target language （English Language） on the achievement in General English of foundation year students in King Abdulaziz University. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher used an experimental design： an experimental group and a control group. The independent variable is using L1 while teaching English in very limited and specified areas. The dependent variable is students＇ achievement in general English. The statistics used is the t-test. The population of the study was all students enrolled in the foundation year 1431/1432 in the ELI （English Language Institute） at King Abdulaziz University. The sample of the study consisted of 50 students taking North Star in the sections A and B as a university requirement in the foundation year 1431/1432 in King Abdulaziz University. The results of the study were in favor of banning Arabic in the English language classroom as shown in the mean scores of the control and experimental groups in the tables. It is recommended that teachers and instructors should be trained to use teaching strategies that help them use English only in the English language classroom.

Exploration of Difference between L1 Acquisition and L2 Acquisition

What is the difference between L1 acquisition and L2 acquisition？ How does knowing this help us as teachers of English to speakers of other languages？ Could we use this knowledge of the difference in class？ The article tries to explore the difference and answer these questions.

The Negative Influence of the First Language on the Second Language Learning

Except for positive transfer, the first language has a bad effect on people's second language learning undoubtedly, which is the very thing all second language learners ought to pay attention to and overcome.

The Influence of LI Transfer on Second Language Acquisition and Its Implication on Foreign Language Teaching in China

From the perspective of language cognition,second language acquisition is a complex cognitive process in which themother tongue and the target language play against each other.In this process,the second language learner establishes the targetlanguage form by the mother tongue language rules.At the same time,through the continuous acquisition of second language knowl-edge to continuously modify this intermediary system.This article briefly analyzes the impact of the L1 transfer on SLA in the de-velopment of interlanguage,the role of L1 in SLA,and the impact of the L1 transfer on college foreign language teaching.

Use of Native Language in Foreign Language Classroom

Throughout decades of foreign language(L2) teaching,a recurring issue has been the role of the first language(L1) in the classroom.A long-term and wide-ranging debate persists regarding practical and theoretical questions about the significance of the L1’ s obvious influence on the L2 being learned.Although many feel that the L1 should not be used in the classroom,other researchers, teachers,and learners do see a role for the L1 and support its use as a communication strategy and instructional tool.This article will look at the historical background of this topic,and describe how the L1 is currently being used in the L2 classroom,including in written translation activities.A specific explanation will also be given about the benefits of using translation for assessing reading comprehension.

The Use of Cognate Words and Interlingual Homographs to Investigate the Cross-Linguistics in Second Language Processing in Iran

Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or additional languages in some fields signify an attention-grabbing, illuminating, and crucial facet of foreign or second language learning and research. Forty-five （males and females） participants have been randomly chosen and participated in the experiment in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, in 2014-2015 school year. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 28, with a mean age of 21.5 years. The materials were divided into two groups which include 30 true cognates and 30 false cognates words from 300 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. These words have been taught to them, after a week, a test has been prepared about those words. According to the results of T-test for comparing the average marks of learning in every two groups can be said that there is a meaningful difference between the scores. The results show that the students learned true cognate words better than the false cognate words. The results of this investigation conjointly make sure the expectations that cognate-based instruction can absolutely impact in second language acquisition.

A Typological Investigation into L2 Chinese“Prepositional Phrase-verb”Word Order Acquisition

The study,using an interlanguage corpus,investigates how international students in China acquire“prepositional phrase-verb”word order.It found that students whose mother tongue features VO and OV word order mostly produce pre-placement structure of“prepositional phrase+verb”,which is similar to Chinese word order and hence reflects an overt influence of the target language.However,when producing post-placement structure of“verb+prepositional phrase”,VO type L1 speaking students slightly outnumber those OV type L1 speaking students,which indicates limited influence of L1 transfer.In addition,other factors such as the relator principle and the temporal iconicity principle also exert certain influence on the word order acquisition of“prepositional phrase-verb”structure.

Studying Language Learners＇ Cognition： Perspectives in L2 Teaching

This paper investigates one aspect of the processing perspective in L2 （the second language） learning： the processing of new words. The article does not try to offer a comprehensive overview of language acquisition mechanisms, but rather it intends to review more narrowly how our conceptual systems, governed by intricately linked networks of neural connections in the brain, make language development possible, at the same time creating some L2 processing problems. Vocabulary acquisition and application has been one of the main issues in English as a Second Language （ESL）/English as a Foreign Language （EFL） learning and teaching research. EFL instructors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in particular, are coping with the effective vocabulary teaching approaches. The current paper will examine three principles based on cognitive linguistics （CL）, namely the study of categorization, prototype, and metaphor, and applications of these principles in formal vocabulary instruction in a Bosnian context of English learning in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Acquisition and Learning

This article is written for professionals interested in language teaching and research.In the first section,the author reviews the premises of acquisition and learning and definitions for SLA(Second Language Acquisition).In the second section,the author emphasizes that learners in different circumstances possess different needs and strategies and achieve different learning outcomes.In the Instructional Role in Language Development,the author focuses on the systematic intervention in learning within a teacher-students environment and its associated factors that influence learners to successfully learn the target language.In the fourth section,the author discusses that the exposure to the target culture may be constructively helpful for Language development.At the end,the author believes that further research on SLA must be done.

The Influence of L1 Mental Lexicon on L2 Mental Lexicon

This paper deals with the influence of L1 （first Language） mental lexicon on L2 （second Language） mental lexicon with Chinese subjects. It proves two possibilities： the response types in L1 and L2 of a single individual may be similar, and the dominant language （mostly L1） and the L2 may interfere with each other＇s vocabulary depth and breadth. The result is of great significance for Chinese learners of English.

Chinese Students'Negative L1 Transfer in English Writing

Numerous researchers have studied the influence of L1 on the L2 composing process and consistently revealed that L2 writers may revert to their L1 when composing in L2(Cumming, 1989; Ellis, 2006;).The employment of L1 in L2 writing generally results in either facilitation(positive transfer) or impediment(negative transfer). The aim of this study is to investigate the specific errors and problems resulting from L1 interference within Chinese L2 writing and find possible solutions to minimize the negative effects of L1. In this respect, the focus of this paper is mainly on negative L1 transfer. Previous researches in this field have concentrated on how Chinese interfered L2 composing across different L2 proficiency levels or among different writing tasks. However, few studies have been carried out to analyze the details of how Chinese interfered with the students' English writing. This paper will conduct detailed analysis on the major negative transfer of L1 in terms of linguistic competence(from lexical, grammatical and syntactical level) and composing strategies(indirectness and organization style). The study will address and attempt to provide pedagogical suggestions for English writing instructors who particularly deal with Chinese L2 writers. The findings of the study has general applicability and will provide guidance for the teaching of L2 writing in other EFL/ESL settings.

An Exploration of the Influence of Willingness to Communicate on Second Language Communication

This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.

大学英语分级教学之改革与探索

本文结合大学英语教学现状及分级教学的理论依据,提出了大学英语教学改革--分级教学的必要性和科学性,并进一步就分级教学的模式构想进行了探讨,旨在倡导实行分级教学,以提高大学英语教学水平和质量,为大学英语教学跃上一个新台阶提供一种新思路。

i+1理论与大学英语教学中的输入与输出

Krashen提出的 i+1理论和语言输入假说是第二语言习得理论中最重要的概念之一 ,该理论为探讨大学英语教学提供了一个很好的理论框架。本文讨论了这一理论的背景及其界定 ,然后尝试性地将 i+1理论与大学英语教学结合起来进行研究 。

“i+1”理论与大学英语分级教学——以郧阳师范高等专科学校为例(英文)

自从高校扩招以来,基于"因材施教"理论上的大学英语分级教学已经被很多高校所采纳。美国著名语言学家Krashen提出的语言输入假说是当今第二语言习得理论中最重要的概念之一,其中的"i+1"理论为探讨我国的大学英语分级教学与语言输入之间的关系提供了一个很好的理论框架。文章首先介绍了该理论,然后尝试性地将"i+1"理论与大学英语分级教学结合起来研究,指出"i+1"理论是大学英语分级教学最重要的理论依据之一,对大学英语分级教学起着积极的指导作用。最后基于郧阳师范高等专科学校的大学英语分级教学实践讨论了"i+1"理论对大学英语分级教学的启示意义以及在实施大学英语分级教学过程中需要注意的问题。

论词块理论在二语词汇习得中的作用(英文)

Lexis Acquisition has increasingly been regarded as a crucial aspect of Second Language Acquisition(SLA).This thesis discusses some of the theoretical studies on L2 Lexis Acquisition and focuses on a newly-introduced theory,Prefabricated Chunks Theory,in the attempt to provide L2 learners with some enlightenment in their Lexis Acquisition.

母语习得与外语学习对比

“习得”与“学习”是语言学中两个完全不同的语言学习过程。它们在语言环境、认知能力、情感因素、交际能力等方面存在着明显的异同。