Comparative Studies between Picard’s and Taylor’s Methods of Numerical Solutions of First Ordinary Order Differential Equations Arising from Real-Life Problems

To solve the first-order differential equation derived from the problem of a free-falling object and the problem arising from Newton’s law of cooling, the study compares the numerical solutions obtained from Picard’s and Taylor’s series methods. We have carried out a descriptive analysis using the MATLAB software. Picard’s and Taylor’s techniques for deriving numerical solutions are both strong mathematical instruments that behave similarly. All first-order differential equations in standard form that have a constant function on the right-hand side share this similarity. As a result, we can conclude that Taylor’s approach is simpler to use, more effective, and more accurate. We will contrast Rung Kutta and Taylor’s methods in more detail in the following section.

Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-uniform Pressurized Functionally Graded Cylinder with Variable Thickness Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT) and Perturbation Method

Recently application of functionally graded materials（FGMs） have attracted a great deal of interest. These materials are composed of various materials with different micro-structures which can vary spatially in FGMs. Such composites with varying thickness and non-uniform pressure can be used in the aerospace engineering. Therefore, analysis of such composite is of high importance in engineering problems. Thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded cylinder with variable thickness under non-uniform pressure is considered. First order shear deformation theory and total potential energy approach is applied to obtain the governing equations of non-homogeneous cylinder. Considering the inner and outer solutions, perturbation series are applied to solve the governing equations. Outer solution for out of boundaries and more sensitive variable in inner solution at the boundaries are considered. Combining of inner and outer solution for near and far points from boundaries leads to high accurate displacement field distribution. The main aim of this paper is to show the capability of matched asymptotic solution for different non-homogeneous cylinders with different shapes and different non-uniform pressures. The results can be used to design the optimum thickness of the cylinder and also some properties such as high temperature residence by applying non-homogeneous material.

Fast First-Order Methods for Minimizing Convex Composite Functions

Two new versions of accelerated first-order methods for minimizing convex composite functions are proposed. In this paper, we first present an accelerated first-order method which chooses the step size 1/ Lk to be 1/ L0 at the beginning of each iteration and preserves the computational simplicity of the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm. The first proposed algorithm is a non-monotone algorithm. To avoid this behavior, we present another accelerated monotone first-order method. The proposed two accelerated first-order methods are proved to have a better convergence rate for minimizing convex composite functions. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed two accelerated first-order methods.

A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATE OF THE DSD METHOD FOR FIRST-ORDER HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS

A posteriori error estimate of the discontinuous-streamline diffusion method for first-order hyperbolic equations was presented, which can be used to adjust space mesh reasonably. A numerical example is given to illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.

A New Modification of the Method of Lines for First Order Hyperbolic PDEs

A new modification of the Method of Lines is proposed for the solution of first order partial differential equations. The accuracy of the method is shown with the matrix analysis. The method is applied to a number of test problems, on uniform grids, to compare the accuracy and computational efficiency with the standard method.

P-and S-wavefield simulations using both the firstand second-order separated wave equations through a high-order staggered grid finite-difference method

In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equa- tions. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations： the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） separate elastic wave equa- tions, with the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） full （or mixed） elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-differ- ence method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snap- shots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corre- sponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationallyslightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-com- ponent processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements.

Fuzzy stochastic generalized reliability studies on embankment systems based on first-order approximation theorem

In order to address the complex uncertainties caused by interfacing between the fuzziness and randomness of the safety problem for embankment engineering projects, and to evaluate the safety of embankment engineering projects more scientifically and reasonably, this study presents the fuzzy logic modeling of the stochastic finite element method （SFEM） based on the harmonious finite element （HFE） technique using a first-order approximation theorem. Fuzzy mathematical models of safety repertories were introduced into the SFEM to analyze the stability of embankments and foundations in order to describe the fuzzy failure procedure for the random safety performance function. The fuzzy models were developed with membership functions with half depressed gamma distribution, half depressed normal distribution, and half depressed echelon distribution. The fuzzy stochastic mathematical algorithm was used to comprehensively study the local failure mechanism of the main embankment section near Jingnan in the Yangtze River in terms of numerical analysis for the probability integration of reliability on the random field affected by three fuzzy factors. The result shows that the middle region of the embankment is the principal zone of concentrated failure due to local fractures. There is also some local shear failure on the embankment crust. This study provides a referential method for solving complex multi-uncertainty problems in engineering safety analysis.

Meshfree First-order System Least Squares

We prove convergence for a meshfree first-order system least squares(FOSLS) partition of unity finite element method(PUFEM).Essentially,by virtue of the partition of unity,local approximation gives rise to global approximation in H(div)∩H(curl). The FOSLS formulation yields local a posteriori error estimates to guide the judicious allotment of new degrees of freedom to enrich the initial point set in a meshfree dis- cretization.Preliminary numerical results are provided and remaining challenges are discussed.

First-order reversal curves of magnetic recording tapes

The interaction and its variation between magnetic grains in two kinds of magnetic recording tapes are investigated by first-order reversal curves （FORC） and the 5M method. The composition and microstructure of the samples are characterised by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The FORC diagram can provide more accurate information of the interaction and its variation, but the 5M curves cannot. The positive interaction field and the large variation of the interaction field have opposite effects on the δM curve.

Finite Element Approach for the Solution of First-Order Differential Equations

The finite element method has established itself as an efficient numerical procedure for the solution of arbitrary-shaped field problems in space. Basically, the finite element method transforms the underlying differential equation into a system of algebraic equations by application of the method of weighted residuals in conjunction with a finite element ansatz. However, this procedure is restricted to even-ordered differential equations and leads to symmetric system matrices as a key property of the finite element method. This paper aims in a generalization of the finite element method towards the solution of first-order differential equations. This is achieved by an approach which replaces the first-order derivative by fractional powers of operators making use of the square root of a Sturm-Liouville operator. The resulting procedure incorporates a finite element formulation and leads to a symmetric but dense system matrix. Finally, the scheme is applied to the barometric equation where the results are compared with the analytical solution and other numerical approaches. It turns out that the resulting numerical scheme shows excellent convergence properties.

Numerical Analysis of Upwind Difference Schemes for Two-Dimensional First-Order Hyperbolic Equations with Variable Coefficients

In this paper, we consider the initial-boundary value problem of two-dimensional first-order linear hyperbolic equation with variable coefficients. By using the upwind difference method to discretize the spatial derivative term and the forward and backward Euler method to discretize the time derivative term, the explicit and implicit upwind difference schemes are obtained respectively. It is proved that the explicit upwind scheme is conditionally stable and the implicit upwind scheme is unconditionally stable. Then the convergence of the schemes is derived. Numerical examples verify the results of theoretical analysis.

基于变密度法深孔钻床主轴箱可靠性拓扑优化

以TBT-ML500深孔钻床主轴箱为研究对象,考虑随机因素的影响,通过基于变密度法的可靠性拓扑优化设计方法,进行了考虑可靠性和稳定性要求的结构轻量化设计。在传统拓扑优化的基础上增加概率约束,建立了应力和位移约束下的可靠性拓扑优化模型;以可靠性指标为约束条件,使用一阶可靠性法和Roenblatt逆变换将可靠性拓扑优化问题解耦为可靠性分析和确定性拓扑优化,最后进行变密度拓扑优化。算例分析结果表明:此方法在实现轻量化的同时更好地满足了实际应用中的安全要求,同时为深孔钻床其他基础件的可靠性拓扑优化提供了参考。

中国南海神狐海域水合物储层井壁稳定可靠度分析

天然气水合物具有巨大的潜在经济和环境价值,其开发利用对国家能源安全和实现国家碳达峰碳中和的“双碳目标”具有战略意义。我国天然气水合物资源主要分布于南海海域,海洋环境的复杂性和隐蔽性使工程测量数据具有较大不确定性,影响钻井安全。目前未见有水合物储层井壁稳定可靠度研究。为定量评估在我国南海神狐海域水合物储层钻井风险,基于水合物储层钻井井壁稳定解析理论和南海神狐海域具体地质条件,结合可靠度分析方法中的改进一次二阶矩法和响应面法,研究南海神狐海域水合物储层钻井井壁失稳概率分布特征,分析该海域井壁失稳概率及安全钻井液压力窗口对主要参数均值和不确定性的敏感性,结果表明:(1)若测量数据足够精确,在我国南海神狐海域水合物储层进行钻井活动的安全性较高,安全钻井液压力窗口也较大。测量数据的不确定性增大将使井壁失稳概率显著升高,缩窄安全钻井液压力窗口。(2)较低的钻井液温度对降低井壁失稳概率略有帮助,且能明显地扩大安全钻井液压力窗口。(3)5个主要参数的均值和不确定性对井壁失稳概率的影响次序相同,均为初始地应力>初始内摩擦角>弹性模量比>初始黏聚力>初始弹性模量。实际工程中对初始地应力数据精确测量,能够显著提高水合物储层钻井井壁稳定性。

渗透系数非均质场对沙丘尺度潜流交换的影响研究

为了研究河床介质渗透系数非均质性对潜流交换的影响,应用随机一阶分析工具,分析潜流交换通量与河床不同空间位置渗透系数的互相关关系以及渗流流速方差的空间分布。结果表明:潜流交换通量与渗透系数之间成正相关关系,且正相关关系最强的区域位于沙丘表面附近;忽略河床非均质性将导致河床浅层位置的流速具有较大不确定性,野外应重点监测河床浅层位置的渗透系数以减小潜流交换的不确定性。

基于能量损耗比的驱动轮减振结构ANSYS一阶优化分析

针对应用于履带式工程车辆驱动轮的“阻尼层+过渡层”复合减振结构,通过建立能量损耗比模型,分析了其应力、应变特性。此外,在四层管状过渡阻尼减振结构厚度值恒定的情况下,基于ANSYS一阶优化方法,探究并优化了不同设计变量(基层、约束层、过渡层、阻尼层的厚度值和过渡层、阻尼层材料的弹性模量以及损耗因子)对结构优化目标函数能量损耗比的影响规律。研究结果表明,相比于优化前结构的能耗比参数,优化后结构的耗能值增加了56.8%,增长值为0.1654。所提分析方法可为中国高端大型履带式工程车辆的减振设计以及绿色化提供参考,同时对于遗传算法优化在各种车辆结构设计中的运用具有一定的借鉴价值。

弹性约束下变厚度蜂窝夹层板的隔声特性

基于一阶剪切变形理论,研究了变厚度蜂窝夹层板在不同边界条件下的自由振动和隔声性能。从能量角度,利用改进的瑞利-里兹法和流固边界耦合条件,建立并求解了蜂窝夹层板的隔声理论模型。将理论计算的蜂窝夹层板固有频率、传声损失与相关文献结果和仿真结果对比,验证了所建立变厚度蜂窝夹层板隔声理论模型的准确性。此外,对比分析了特征角、厚度变化系数和边界条件对蜂窝夹层板隔声性能的影响。研究表明,厚度变化系数和边界条件对蜂窝夹层板隔声性能影响较大。

功能梯度石墨烯增强多孔复合材料阶梯圆柱壳的振动特性

对功能梯度石墨烯增强多孔复合材料(FG-GPLRPC)阶梯圆柱壳的振动特性进行了研究。首先,采用Halpin-Tsai微观力学模型以及开胞体理论得到FG-GPLRPC阶梯圆柱壳的有效材料属性。其次,基于一阶剪切变形理论和惩罚参数法推导出壳体结构的能量表达式。最后,采用Jacobi-Ritz法建立壳体结构的振动控制方程,并求得结构的无量纲频率,验证了方法的有效性和正确性。结果表明,石墨烯质量分数、孔隙系数和边界弹簧刚度值对振动特性的影响显著,层数对振动特性的影响较小,尺寸参数对振动特性的影响不同,并得到了壳体频率随周向波数先减小后增大的变化规律。

海上风机桩-筒复合基础基频特性分析

桩-筒复合基础作为海上风机的一种新型基础型式,在提高单桩承载力方面相较于单桩基础具有一定优势,然而筒体对风机结构基频特性的影响规律尚不明确。为研究该问题,对风机塔筒进行解析建模,结合有限元,建立了不同几何尺寸的单桩基础和桩-筒复合基础,将数值模型获得的基础刚度与上部塔筒解析模型进行耦合,提出了分析风机整机结构基频特性的有限元-解析耦合法。研究结果表明有限元-解析耦合法能够快速地实现风机整机结构基频预测。对比桩-筒复合基础与单桩基础基频特性发现:筒体的加入能有效提升单桩基础刚度,可以在不改变单桩基础桩径的前提下,有效提升结构第一阶固有频率,筒外径对基础基频的影响比筒壁高的影响更大。

可满足性模理论综述

可满足性模理论(SMT)是指判定一阶逻辑公式在特定背景理论下的可满足性问题。基于一阶逻辑的SMT相比SAT描述能力更强、抽象能力更高,能处理更加复杂的问题。SMT求解器在各个领域都有应用,已经成为重要的形式化验证引擎。目前,SMT已被广泛应用在人工智能、硬件RTL验证、自动化推理和软件工程等领域。根据近些年SMT的发展,首先阐述SMT基本知识和常见的背景理论;然后分析总结Eager方法、Lazy方法和DPLL(T)方法的实现流程,并进一步介绍主流求解器Z3、CVC5和MathSAT5的实现过程;接着介绍SMT的扩展问题#SMT、SMT应用在深度神经网络的SMTlayer方法和量子SMT求解器;最后对SMT的发展进行展望,并讨论其面临的挑战。

基于改进一次二阶矩方法的油气管道失效概率研究

油气管道在运行过程中存在诸多不确定性因素,采用改进的一次二阶矩计算方法,依据最大剪应力强度理论和管道工程设计规范,建立了油气管道的失效功能函数,提出了管道可靠度和失效概率的计算方法。以西部某段原油输送管道为例,研究了随机变量管道直径、壁厚、运行压力、运行温差的平均值与标准差对失效概率的影响,为油气管道的可靠性设计及风险评估提供一定的借鉴。