Construction Ideas of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation First-class Undergraduate Course Based on Online and Offline Blended Teaching

In order to combine the advantages of online teaching and traditional offline classroom teaching,this paper optimizes the teaching design by taking Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation for undergraduates as the carrier,and reconstructs the course according to five parts:basic theory course,practical training course,standardized patient,case report,and course evaluation.Through analyzing the classroom quality and teaching effect,the innovation and practical effect of course reconstruction are explored.With students as the main body and goals as the guide,this model gives full play to the initiative and creativity of students,meets the individual needs of students at different levels,and provides reference ideas for improving the advanced,innovative and challenging creation of the course.

Construction of University Librarian Team in the Context of Double First-Class Initiative

Data services,knowledge services,and information services are the core service elements of university libraries in the context of the Double First-Class Initiative.Combined with the current situation of insufficient overall service capacity of libraries,this paper proposed strategies and implementation paths for optimizing the service system from three aspects:the construction of the professional qualification system for librarians,the establishment of post institutions,and the construction of library culture.Long-term path:putting library human resource management into the legal track,taking the lead in local legislation,and promoting the construction of library legislation and professional qualification certification system;optimizing the personnel system,implementing hierarchical management and classified assessment for professional librarians and auxiliary librarians.Short-term path:intensive post allocation,namely,assigning the core strength in the core post,and tackling the temporary major work combining multiple forces in the form of a"working group";building an open knowledge service ecosystem,accelerate the cross-border integration of libraries and other organizations,and striving to build the core competitiveness of libraries.

《碛砂藏》随函音义甾思韵考

《碛砂藏》的随函音义作于宋初,其中止摄开口精、庄组字改良切下字,比例超过90%(少数特殊情况除外),而且完全不作其他字的切下字,反映甾思韵已经独立。甾思韵的性质大概是舌尖元音,有?、?两个条件变体,分别出现在精、庄组声母之后。甾思韵进一步发展,则为《韵会》的赀字母韵,演变路径与《中原音韵》的支思韵不同。

韵母类型对听障儿童不同塞音嗓音起始时间的影响

目的探究韵母类型对听障儿童不同塞音嗓音起始时间(voice onset time,VOT)的影响,为其塞音习得及矫正提供依据。方法随机选取3~6岁听障儿童和健听儿童各22例,录制6个塞音(/b/、/p/、/d/、/t/、/g/、/h/)与3个单韵母(/a/、/i/或/e/、/u/)所组成的18个辅-元(consonant-vowel,CV)音节,声调均为第一声。使用Praat 6.1.29软件提取VOT值,对每种塞音采用双因素方差分析,因变量为VOT,自变量为听力状况、韵母类型。结果听障组儿童/t/、/g/、/k/发音存在构音错误。听力状况对塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/主效应效果显著(P<0.05),健听组塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/的VOT显著大于听障组(P<0.05)。韵母类型对塞音/b/、/p/、/t/VOT主效应效果显著(P<0.05)。听力状况与韵母类型在塞音/t/VOT上产生交互效应,简单主效应显示,听障组与健听组/ti/音VOT差异大于/ta/及/tu/。结论听障儿童塞音/g/、/p/、/t/、/k/音的VOT小于健听儿童,听障组与健听组/ti/音的VOT差异大于/ta/及/tu/。对听障儿童/t/音教学,可以先从差异较小的/ta/、/tu/开始,后期巩固/ti/音,并且注重呼吸及口部运动训练,为清晰发音奠定良好的基础。

从李梦阳用韵看明代庆阳方音韵母特点

以李梦阳用韵中的特殊混押现象,结合清代陇东方音著作并对照今中原官话秦陇片方言对其加以分析,可考证出明代庆阳方音的韵母特点:-m尾、入声韵消失,鼻音韵尾-n与-混并,通摄字主元音舌位前移,江摄及宕摄舒声细音读如通摄,梗摄舒声细音读同宕摄,果摄洪音字读如假摄,止摄合口读如遇摄,遇摄端系、庄组字读如流摄,流摄细音读如效摄,效摄一等唇音字读如遇摄。

普通话教学中单韵母数量与分类研究商榷

现代汉语中单元音韵母存在三个关联问题:定义与内容不符;发音特点与实际发音不符;分类与标准不符。通过分析er的构成和发音,以及韵母的元辅音分类,归其为辅音韵母;分析舌面单元音韵母的发音机制重划为舌尖、舌面和舌根三类;分析-i(前)、-i(后)的发音特点和音节情况,归为i的音位变体;综合前人观点和教学实效,把o和e合并为e,ê归为e的音位变体。最后重新划分了现代汉语中韵母的分类、数量和书写,以更加便捷地促进高校普通话、现代汉语和对外汉语教学。

A Useful System in Learning and Teaching English Pronunciation——IPA Cardinal Vowels System

The paper introduces the cardinal vowels system invented by the famous English phonetician Daniel Jones.This system enables a teacher to describe to his students a foreign vowel by comparing it with the nearest vowel in his mother tongue,which makes the learning of a foreign sound much easier to his students.Two cases of teaching Chinese students English vowels are taken as an example to illustrate the point.IPA cardinal vowel system is of use in terms of teaching and learning English.Two suggestions are put forward in the end.

维吾尔语言专业学习者元音发音的实验研究——以南疆K大学为例

论文以语音格局理论、迁移理论和中介语理论为基础,运用实验语音法提取维吾尔语言专业学生维吾尔语元音的第一共振峰(F1)和第二共振峰(F2)数据,绘制声学元音图,并对维吾尔语和汉语语音格局,以及维吾尔语言专业学生和维吾尔语标准发音人元音声元图进行观察和对比,分析了汉语语音对维吾尔语元音学习在元音格局和发声态两方面的影响,同时提出了一些教学建议,以期帮助维吾尔语言专业学生了解汉维两种语言在语音格局和发声态方面的差异并提升学习效果。

On the Vowel Changes of English Language in History

The Vowel changes of English are more dramatic and complicated in every period of English development. Especially theGreat Vowel Shift from Middle English to Modern English influenced the whole English phonetic system. This paper examines thevowel changes in each period of English development and aims at concluding the rules of the language change and development.

康方言西部次方言索县话语音分析

藏语康方言由于覆盖地域广阔,地缘结构一定程度上影响了次方言的促成,从这个意义上康方言可分为东、西、南、北中部5个次方言区。地处康方言西部次方言区的索县(荣布)话在地势上处于山川与平原过渡带,生活方式上属半农半牧,因此该土语的音系具有一定的中介性土语特点。本文根据邓戈教授所著《藏语康方言词汇集》为语料,对索县话的音系进行整理和分析,归纳出该土语的音系数据和基本特点。声母系统:保留了塞音、擦音、塞擦音类清浊对立的单辅音外,有4个清化单辅音,这些清化辅音来自康方言的通则类型,即带前置辅音s的ŋ、ȵ、n、m的基字外,也有带r前置的鼻音基字及双音节词第一音节辅音韵尾s而后缀ma的基字变为清化的特例。复辅音方面,有16个二合复辅音,包括塞音、擦音、塞擦音类的浊音不送气和清音送气带同部位鼻冠前置构成的二合外,还有以w、h、ɦ为后置型二合复辅音hʷ、tʂʰ、ɕʱ、tʰ等,这四个二合复辅音通常在其他土语中不多见。韵母方面:分单元音与复元音,单元音分口元音及鼻元音。14个单元音中相对常态的10个元音都有相应的鼻元音。单元音多数为五个基本元音的变体,其中仅u的变体多达ɷ、ʉ、ɔ、ɯ、ə、等6个。可见,元音分类细化是该土语的一大特点。口元音中A、o、ɛ、a、ɔ、i六个分长短各一套,这些长元音来自于双音节词的缩音,其条件是第一音节为开音节,第二音节为词缀ba、wa,从而形成第一音节吞并词缀而元音变长。此外有5个复元音及31个带辅音尾韵母。ai、ɛi、ɔu复元音主要来自于元音i或u带辅音韵尾ɡ,这是西路次方言的主要特点之一。声调系统:声调类型可归纳为平调、降调、曲折调、升调四类,其中曲折调为312的调值外,其余每个调类的调值可细化到三至五类。综上,鉴于单辅音、复辅音及带辅音尾韵母数量介乎牧区话与农区话之间,处于细化阶段的元音及声调类型尚未简化到农区话的程度,我们把索县话可以看作是音系发展处于农牧中介阶段的土语。

语音学视角下纳塘译师梵文读法论著研究

纳塘译师所著《梵文读诵法》(■)是藏传佛教后弘期流传较广的一部关于梵文咒语念诵方法的论著,书中包含梵文的正确读法、辅元音互为敌友说、文字与五行结合论等主要内容。该论著及相关注释均侧重以实例说明梵文的读法,却未能对文字互为敌友说、文字与五行结合论作进一步阐释,致使后世学者对这些内容产生种种疑惑。文章通过现代语音学方法,揭示语音变化规律,详细剖析文字互为敌友说、文字与五行结合论的具体内涵。认为,纳塘译师所持“大小五行式”的观点与古今语音学家在藏文中规定阴、阳、中三性,划分并界定清浊音、送气不送气音的方法虽表述方式有所区别,但其具体内涵相一致。文章还探讨如何利用文字互为敌友、文字与五行结合理论解决日常用语、吟诵所涉及的发音部位与发音方法等问题,以及它们在语言实践活动中的指导意义。同时,反驳了关于《三十颂》和《音势论》过时的学术观点。

Preliminary Studies on Great Vowel Shift

The great gowel ghift was a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English during the 15th to 18th centuries. Based on the history and theory of great vowel shift, the thesis makes an investigation on the principle, exceptions and effect of Great Vowel Shift.

Recognition of vertical vowel graphemes of Korean characters based on combination of vowel graphemes

Korean characters consist of 2 dimensional distributed consonantal and vowel graphemes. The purpose of reducing the 2 dimensional characteristics of Korean characters to linear arrangements at early stage of character recognition is to decrease the complexity of following recognition task. By defining the identification codes for the vowel graphemes of Korean characters, the rules for combination of vowel graphemes are established, and a recognition algorithm based on the rules for combination of vowel graphemes, is therefore proposed for vertical vowel graphemes. The algorithm has been proved feasilbe through demonstrating simulations.

Perception of English Tense and Lax Vowel Contrasts in Chinese Learners of English

This paper aims at examining the perception of English tense and lax vowel contrasts by testing an identification task of CVC syllables with different manipulated durations in Chinese learners of English.This can provide some empirical evidence for English as a second language teachers in teaching second language pronunciation.

Using Formants to Compare Short and Long Vowels in Modern Standard Arabic

This study was concerned with the short vowels in modern standard Arabic words with Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel-Consonant Vowel (CVCVCV) structure, and the long vowels in words with Consonant Vowel Vowel-Consonant (CVVC). Even though there has been a dispute on the precise number of Arabic vowels that exist between language studies, this study used the opinion that the Arabic language has three vowels;the elongation of each vowel gave the other three because this is the opinion of classical Arabic linguists which is the source of the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Studies said that the first and second formant values (F1, F2) can represent the vowels. In this study, the formants were measured using LPC (Linear Predictive Coding), verifying the measurement to see if the measured follows the pattern of formants measurements of the other studies, and the formants were used to investigate the relationship between short and long vowels. Furthermore, the study figured out if the dialect of speakers can affect the values of formants, even if the spoken language is MSA, some statistical measurements were calculated to evaluate the relationship.

Using Formants to Extract Short Vowels from Arabic Words with (Consonant Vowel)³Structure

Arabic texts suffer from missing short vowels. Arabic Speech Recognition is not as good as English speech recognition due to the short vowels not being recognized. And the Arabic language is unlike the English language in characteristics such as the number of vowels. English has more than 24 vowels that are close to each other in pronunciation. The Arabic language only has three short vowels that are far from each other in utter and measurement, by elongating those short vowels, long vowels arose. Researchers said that the vowels could be recognized using formants. The formants’ measurements of Arabic vowels are far from each other too, so it is possible to recognize them so that Arabic Speech recognition can give more accurate results. The paper applies this idea to the corpus Phonemes of Arabic. It uses the Euclidian distance method to measure the distances between formant values to recognize Arabic from words with a CV3 structure, the Linear Predictive Coding method and MATLAB to develop the programs that will extract the formants and calculate the means of the short vowels by using the corpus to identify the short vowels within words in the corpus. The results showed that if highly qualified readers were chosen to read the Arabic text, then higher rates of recognition of the short vowels involved in words will be achieved. This paper revealed that some of the characteristics of a language can be utilized for vowel recognition or to enhance the existing methods for speech recognition.

Payload Capacity Scheme for Quran Text Watermarking Based on Vowels with Kashida

The most sensitive Arabic text available online is the digital Holy Quran.This sacred Islamic religious book is recited by all Muslims worldwide including non-Arabs as part of their worship needs.Thus,it should be protected from any kind of tampering to keep its invaluable meaning intact.Different characteristics of Arabic letters like the vowels(),Kashida(extended letters),and other symbols in the Holy Quran must be secured from alterations.The cover text of the Quran and its watermarked text are different due to the low values of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR)and Embedding Ratio(ER).A watermarking technique with enhanced attributes must,therefore,be designed for the Quran’s text using Arabic vowels with kashida.The gap addressed by this paper is to improve the security of Arabic text in the Holy Quran by using vowels with kashida.The purpose of this paper is to enhance the Quran text watermarking scheme based on a reversing technique.The methodology consists of four phases:The first phase is a pre-processing followed by the second phase-the embedding process phase—which will hide the data after the vowels.That is,if the secret bit is“1”,then the kashida is inserted;however,the kashida is not inserted if the bit is“0”.The third phase is the extraction process and the last phase is to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme by using PSNR(for the imperceptibility)and ER(for the capacity).The experimental results show that the proposed method of imperceptibility insertion is also optimized with the help of a reversing algorithm.The proposed strategy obtains a 90.5%capacity.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm attained 66.1%which is referred to as imperceptibility.

Presentation of Consonants,Vowels and Stresses in English Medical Terminology

This paper studies the special pronunciation rules of consonants.vowels and stresses in English medical terms from the phonetic and etiologic perspectives,which may provide help for medical students in studying medical English.

Acoustic Analysis of EkeGusii Vowel System

This study describes the vowel system of EkeGusii(“Bantu E.42”)(Guthrie,1948)in an acoustic phonetics perspective using oral data got from purposively sampled subjects:four adult males,four adult females and four children(two boys and two girls all 8 years old)equally from the two dialects of EkeGusii(EkeMaate and EkeRogoro Dialects).In order to capture the distribution characteristics of the vowel acoustic concentration,the group frequency means are normalized using Lobanov’s(1971)algorithm.Two viewpoints are the subjects of analysis in EkeGusii vowels:(a)acoustic vowel space as projected by the intersection of F2 vs.F1 or quadrilateral,and(b)spatial features of high,low,front and back.These qualities are mainly influenced by the physiology of speakers and social variability as occasioned by gender,age and dialect.The results indicate that children have no gender difference in formants,and have the highest frequencies for all formants,followed by adult females and then adult males.Furthermore,acoustic vowel space and spatial features are affected by gender,age,and dialect.A vowel pattern,replicated by all informants,is realized in the dispersion of the vowels within the chart influenced by gender and age.This study found out that EkeGusii seems to adopt a seven-vowel system of/i eɛaɔo u/with a length contrast.

Exploration and Research on the Construction of First-class Undergraduate Major of Architecture:A Case Study on Xi'an University of Science and Technology

With the decision of the Ministry of Education to fully implement the“Six Excellence and One Top-notch”plan 2.0 and launch the“Double Ten-thousand Plan”for the construction of first-class undergraduate majors,colleges and universities across the country have fully launched the construction of first-class undergraduate majors.The architecture major of Xi’an University of Science and Technology has achieved certain results in deepening the comprehensive reform of the major,strengthening the construction of teaching staff and grass-roots teaching organizations,and enhancing the construction of the professional teaching quality assurance system.The quality of graduate training and external evaluation have achieved good results by integrating into the teaching system of special courses,improving the high-level talent training system,taking the construction of“new engineering”as an opportunity,promoting education and teaching reform,relying on the platform of discipline advantages,and building a multi-level practical teaching system.