Serum basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1βpredict the effect of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in China are the second-highest in the world,and most patients with gastric cancer lose their chance of surgery by the time of their diagnosis.AIM To explore the predictive potential of serum basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1βlevels for the effect of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.METHODS From the gastric cancer patients admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to April 2023,84 patients were selected and randomly and equally assigned to the experimental or control group.The FLOT group received the FLOT chemotherapy regimen(composed of oxaliplatin+calcium folinate+fluorouracil+paclitaxel),while the SOX group received the SOX chemotherapy regimen(composed of oxaliplatin+tiga capsules).The clinical efficacy,tumor marker levels,adverse reactions,and survival rates of the two groups were compared 7 days after the end of the relevant treatments.RESULTS The target effective rate of the FLOT group was 54.76%,which was much higher than that of the SOX group(33.33%;P<0.05).After treatment,both the groups demonstrated lower levels of cancer antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),and peptide tissue antigen(TPS).For several patients before treatment(P<0.05).Third and fourth grades.In terms of adverse reactions,the level of white blood cells in both the groups was lower.Moreover,the incidence of hand-foot skin reactions in these two study groups was lower(P<0.05),while those of peripheral neuritis,vomiting,diarrhea,and abnormal liver function were significant(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups(P<0.05).The 1-year survival rate was higher in the FLOT group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The FLOT regimen was effective in reducing the serum CEA,CA199,and TPS levels as well as in improving the 1-year survival rate of patients with good tolerability,making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.

线上中文学习平台Lingo Bus和Lingo Ace比较研究

Lingo Bus和Lingo Ace平台是当前受到市场青睐的知名线上中文学习平台。对两个学习平台的建设、教学和管理营销三个方面的情况进行比较研究后发现:两个平台均通过线上直播课程面向海外青少儿教授中文,均建立了各自的官网和客户端,在品牌定位、课程资源体系、选课方式和学习者服务模式等方面的设计上都有差异,针对教师选拔、培训的侧重点和严格程度也有不同的标准;两个平台均注重通过口碑、新闻软文和社交媒体等途径进行营销,但在推广方式和营销经费投入力度方面做法不同。线上中文学习平台应建设本土化和标准化教学资源,提升系统稳定性和智能化水平,完善教师管理机制,建立良好服务体系,组建本土团队,实施精准营销等发展策略。

Factors Influence Hanoians’ Choice of Non-Motorized Transport Mode to Access Bus Stations

Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.

Role of cetuximab in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)has evolved considerably in the last decade,currently allowing most mCRC patients to live more than two years.Monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and vascular endothelial growth factor play an important role in the current treatment of these patients.However,only antibodies directed against EGFR have a predictive marker of response,which is the mutation status of v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS).Cetuximab has been shown to be effective in patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC.The CRYSTAL study showed that adding cetuximab to FOLFIRI(regimen of irinotecan,infusional fluorouracil and leucovorin)significantly improved results in the first-line treatment of KRAS wildtype mCRC.However,results that evaluate the efficacy of cetuximab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in this setting are contradictory.On the other hand,recent advances in the management of colorectal liver metastases have improved survival in these patients.Adding cetuximab to standard chemotherapy increases the response rate in patients with wild-type KRAS and can thus increase the resectability rate of liver metastases in this group of patients.In this paper we review the different studies assessing the efficacy of cetuximab in the first-line treatment of mCRC.

Weekly albumin-bound paclitaxel/cisplatin versus gemcitabine/cisplatin as first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:A phase II open-label clinical study

Objective: The aim of this trial was to compare both the efficacy and the safety of a weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel(nab-paclitaxel) plus cisplatin vs. gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods: A total of 84 participants received either 100 mg/m^2 nab-paclitaxel each week on d 1, 8 and 15 of a 28 day cycle, as well as cisplatin 75 mg/m^2 on d 1 every three weeks(nab-TP arm); or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m^2 on d 1 and 8, plus cisplatin 75 mg/m^2 on d 1 every three weeks(GP arm). The primary end point was progression-free survival(PFS). The secondary end points were overall response rate(ORR) and overall survival(OS).Results: According to our analysis, the median PFS was 4.8 months for the nab-TP arm vs. 5.2 months for the GP arm(P=0.55). Analysis showed the median OS was 14.6 months for participants who were in the nab-TP arm vs. 15.1 months for those in the GP arm(P=0.94). Besides, nab-TP showed OS advantages over GP in patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation(26.7 vs. 15.3 months, P=0.046) and patients with a performance status of 0(23.5 vs. 14.7 months, P=0.020). It was found that incidences of drug-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities were comparable between the two treatment arms.Conclusions: Therefore, it can be seen that weekly nab-TP treatment has a similar efficacy and tolerability to GP treatment for patients who are undergoing their first-line treatment for NSCLC. It could be that survival differences among platinum doublets in the context of both EGFR mutation and performance status have the potential to be the basis for our further clinical trials.

Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based sequential and hybrid therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy(MBST) versus hybrid therapy as a first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection.METHODS: From August 2014 to January 2015, 284 patients with confirmed H. pylori infection were randomized to receive a 14-d course of MBST(MBST group, n = 140) or hybrid(Hybrid group, n = 144) therapy. The MBST group received 20 mg rabeprazole and 1 g amoxicillin twice daily for 7 d, followed by 20 mg rabeprazole and 500 mg metronidazole twice daily, and 400 mg moxifloxacin once daily for 7 d. The Hybrid group received 20 mg rabeprazole and 1 g amoxicillin twice daily for 14 d. In addition, the Hybrid group received 500 mg metronidazole and 500 mg clarithromycin twice daily for the final 7 d. Successful eradication of H. pylori infection was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test 4 wk after the end of treatment. Patient compliance was defined as "good" if drug intake was at least 85%. H. pylori eradication rates, patient compliance with treatment, and adverse event rates were evaluated.RESULTS: The eradication rates in the intention-totreat(ITT) analysis were 91.4%(128/140; 95%CI: 90.2%-92.9%) in the MBST group and 79.2%(114/144; 95%CI: 77.3%-80.7%) in the Hybrid group(P = 0.013). The eradication rates in the perprotocol(PP) analysis were 94.1%(128/136; 95%CI: 92.9%-95.6%) in the MBST group and 82.6%(114/138; 95%CI: 80.6%-84.1%) in the Hybrid group(P = 0.003). The H. pylori eradication rate in the MBST group was significantly higher than that of the Hybrid group for both the ITT(P = 0.013) and the PP analyses(P = 0.003). Both groups exhibited full compliance with treatment(MBST/Hybrid group: 100%/100%). The rate of adverse events was 11.8%(16/136) and 19.6%(27/138) in the MBST and Hybrid group, respectively(P = 0.019). The majority of adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity; none were severe enough to cause discontinuation of treatment in either group.CONCLUSION: MBST was more effective and led to fewer adverse events than hybrid therapy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.

Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal disease

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of 14-d moxifloxacinbased sequential therapy as first-line eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection.METHODS:From December 2013 to August 2014, 161 patients with confirmed H.pylori infection randomly received 14 d of moxifloxacin-based sequential group(MOX-ST group, n = 80) or clarithromycin-based sequential group(CLA-ST group, n = 81) therapy.H.pylori infection was defined on the basis of at least one of the following three tests:a positive 13C-urea breath test; histologic evidence of H.pylori by modified Giemsa staining; or a positive rapid urease test(CLOtest; Delta West, Bentley, Australia) by gastric mucosal biopsy.Successful eradication therapy for H.pylori infection was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test four weeks after the end of eradication treatment.Compliance was defined as good when drug intake was at least 85%.H.pylori eradication rates, patient compliance with drug treatment, adverse event rates, and factors influencing the efficacy of eradication therapy were evaluated.RESULTS:The eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 91.3%(73/80;95%CI:86.2%-95.4%)in the MOX-ST group and 71.6%(58/81;95%CI:65.8%-77.4%)in the CLA-ST group(P=0.014).The eradication rates by per-protocol analysis were 93.6%(73/78;95%CI:89.1%-98.1%)in the MOX-ST group and 75.3%(58/77;95%CI:69.4%-81.8%)in the CLAST group(P=0.022).Compliance was 100%in both groups.The adverse event rates were 12.8%(10/78)and 24.6%(19/77)in the MOX-ST and CLA-ST group,respectively(P=0.038).Most of the adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity;there was none serious enough to cause discontinuation of treatmentin either group.In multivariate analysis,advanced age(≥60 years)was a significant independent factor related to the eradication failure in the CLA-ST group(adjusted OR=2.13,95%CI:1.97-2.29,P=0.004),whereas there was no significance in the MOX-ST group.CONCLUSION:The 14-d moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy is effective.Moreover,it shows excellent patient compliance and safety compared to the 14-d clarithromycin-based sequential therapy.

Hormonal therapy might be a better choice as maintenance treatment than capecitabine after response to first-line capecitabine-based combination chemotherapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative,metastatic breast cancer

Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.

Non-bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication:A randomized study in Japan

AIM:To find the way to improve the eradication rate of first-line therapy in Japanese patients.METHODS:We prospectively compared the effectiveness of 7-d quadruple therapy to standard 7 d triple therapy in Japanese patients infected with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).One hundred and nineteen patients were randomly assigned to receive 7-d non-bismuth quadruple therapy with lansoprazole,amoxicillin,clarithromycin and metronidazole(LACM7) or 7-d triple therapy with lansoprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin(LAC7).After three months,H.pylori status was analyzed by 13C-urea breath test.Incidence rates of adverse events were evaluated by use of questionnaires.RESULTS:By intention-to-treat(ITT) analysis,the eradication rate in the LACM7 group was 94.9%,which was significantly higher than the LAC7 group(68.3%,P < 0.001).Per protocol analysis also showed a significantly higher eradication rate in the LACM7 group(98.3%) than the LAC7 group(73.2%,P < 0.001).Nevertheless,the incidence of serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups(RR:1.10,95% CI:0.70-1.73,P = 0.67).CONCLUSION:Seven day non-bismuth quadruple therapy(LACM7) was superior to standard 7-d triple therapy(LAC7) for first-line eradication.

First-line cisplatin,docetaxel,and cetuximab for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer:A multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUND The targeted therapy cetuximab[directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)]in combination with 5-fluorouracil and platinum-based chemotherapy(the EXTREME regimen)has shown substantial efficacy for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(R/M SCCHN).Thus,this scheme has been established as the preferred first-line option for these patients.However,more recently,a new strategy combining platinum,taxanes,and cetuximab(the TPEx regimen)has demonstrated similar efficacy with a more favorable toxicity profile in clinical trials.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TPEx scheme as first-line therapy in advanced SCCHN in a multicenter cohort study.METHODS This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with histologically confirmed recurrent or metastatic SCCHN treated with first-line TPEx at five medical centers in Argentina between January 1,2017 and April 31,2020.Chemotherapy consisted of four cycles of docetaxel,cisplatin,and cetuximab followed by cetuximab maintenance therapy.Clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles were collected from medical charts.Treatment response was assessed by the investigator in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1).Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(version 4.0).RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included.The median age at diagnosis was 58 years(range:36-77 years).The majority of patients(83.3%)received at least four chemotherapy cycles in the initial phase.In the included group,the overall response rate was 62.5%,and 3 patients achieved a complete response(12.5%).The median time to response was 2.4 mo[95% confidence interval(CI):1.3-3.5].With a median follow-up of 12.7 mo(95%CI:8.8-16.6),the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 6.9 mo(95%CI:6.5-7.3),and the overall survival rate at 12 mo was 82.4%.Patients with documented tumor response showed a better PFS than those with disease stabilization or progression[8.5 mo(95%CI:5.5-11.5)and 4.5 mo(95%CI:2.5-6.6),respectively;P=0.042].Regarding the safety analysis,two-thirds of patients reported at least one treatment-related adverse event,and 25% presented grade 3 toxicities.Of note,no patient experienced grade 4 adverse events.CONCLUSION TPEx was an adequately tolerated regimen in our population,with low incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events.The median PFS were consistent with those in recent reports of clinical trials evaluating this treatment combination.This regimen may be considered an attractive therapeutic strategy due to its simplified administration,decreased total number of chemotherapy cycles,and treatment tolerability.

Sequential chemotherapy and icotinib as first-line treatment for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND Icotinib could have potential effect and tolerability when used sequentially with chemotherapy for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy followed by icotinib maintenance therapy as first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.METHODS This multicenter,open-label,pilot randomized controlled trial enrolled 68 EGFRmutated stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients randomized 2:3 to the icotinib alone and chemotherapy+icotinib groups.RESULTS The median progression-free survival in the icotinib alone and chemotherapy+icotinib groups was 8.0 mo(95%CI:3.84-11.63)and 13.4 mo(95%CI:10.18-16.33),respectively(P=0.0249).No significant differences were found in the curative effect when considering different cycles of chemotherapy or chemotherapy regimen(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION A sequential combination of chemotherapy and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor is feasible for stage IV EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.

Efficacy of gefitinib as a first-line single agent treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： To assess the efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib as a single agent treatment in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty-five patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with gefitinib at 250 mg daily until the disease progressed or the patient could not tolerate the toxicity. Results： None of the patients achieved a complete response （CR）, while 15 patients achieved a partial remission （PR） and 17 experienced a stable disease （SD）. Thirteen patients continued to have a progressive disease （PD）. The response rate and the disease control rate were 33.3% and 71.1%, respectively. The symptom remission rate was 72.5%, and the median remission time was 8 days. The median survival time was 15.3 months. The median progression-free survival time was 6.0 months. The most common toxicities included rash （53.3%） and diarrhea （33.3%）. Dehydration and pruritus of the skin developed in 26.7% and 22.2% of the patients, respectively. Hepatic toxicity occurred in 6.7% of patients and oral ulceration occurred in 4.4% of patients. Conclusion： Single agent treatment with gefitinib is effective against advanced NSCLC, and is well tolerated in Chinese patients.

Follow-up Study of Retreatment TB Patients with Sputum Smear and/or Culture Positive Two Years after They were Declared Cured with First-line Anti-TB Drugs in Shandong Province

This study aimed to learn the recurrence rate in the retreatment TB patients with sputum smear and/or culture positive （ss＋ and/or c＋） two years after they were declared cured, and to explore causes of recurrence in order to improve long-time treatment outcome. 5 cities were selected as research locations. Recurrence of TB was judged by chest X-ray examination together with sputum smear and culture examination.

Comparative effectiveness of first-line therapies for eradication of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains:A network metaanalysis

BACKGROUND As a first-line treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,antibiotic therapy is widely used worldwide.However,the question of increasing antibiotic resistance must be considered.Given this issue,we need to find ways to reduce drug resistance.This study examined all currently available first-line regimens and compared them with standard triple treatment through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).AIM To compare first-line treatment regimens for eradication of antibiotic-resistant H.pylori strains.METHODS To compare the effectiveness of the first-line regimens for treating H.pylori infection,a Bayesian network meta-analysis was applied to process data extracted from RCTs.The plausible ranking for each regimen was assessed by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).In addition,we conducted a relevant search by reference citation analysis.RESULTS Twenty-five RCTs involving 12029 participants[including 1602 infected with clarithromycin(CAM)-resistant strains and 1716 infected with metronidazole(MNZ)-resistant strains]were included,in which a total of seven regimens were used for H.pylori eradication.The results showed that dual therapy containing a high-dose proton pump inhibitor(HDDT)[odds ratio(OR):4.20,95%confidence interval(CI):2.29-8.13]was superior to other therapies for all patients,including those with CAM/MNZ-resistant H.pylori infection.In the comparative effectiveness ranking,for CAM-resistant H.pylori,HDDT(OR:96.80,95%CI:22.46-521.9)had the best results,whereas standard triple therapy ranked last(SUCRA:98.7%vs 0.3%).In the subgroup of high cure rates(≥90%),HDDT was also generally better than other therapies.CONCLUSION For the eradication of CAM-and MNZ-resistant H.pylori strains,HDDT exhibited considerable advantages.The studies of CAM-resistant H.pylori were based on small samples due to a lack of antibiotic sensitivity tests in many RCTs,but the results showed that all patients,including those with CAM-resistant H.pylori infection,had a concordant trend.Overall,HDDT may be a reference for RCTs and other studies of H.pylori eradication.

Point Cloud Based Semantic Segmentation Method for Unmanned Shuttle Bus

The complexity of application scenarios and the enormous volume of point cloud data make it difficult to quickly and effectively segment the scenario only based on the point cloud.In this paper,to address the semantic segmentation for safety driving of unmanned shuttle buses,an accurate and effective point cloud-based semantic segmentation method is proposed for specified scenarios(such as campus).Firstly,we analyze the characteristic of the shuttle bus scenarios and propose to use ROI selection to reduce the total points in computation,and then propose an improved semantic segmentation model based on Cylinder3D,which improves mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)by 1.3%over the original model on SemanticKITTI data;then,a semantic category division method is proposed for road scenario of shuttle bus and practical application requirements,and then we further simplify the model to improve the efficiency without losing the accuracy.Finally,the nuScenes dataset and the real gathered campus scene data are used to validate and analyze the proposed method.The experimental results on the nuScenes dataset and our data demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than other point cloud semantic segmentation methods in terms of application requirements for unmanned shuttle buses.Which has a higher accuracy(82.73%in mIoU)and a higher computational efficiency(inference speed of 90 ms).

A novel intrusion detection model for the CAN bus packet of in-vehicle network based on attention mechanism and autoencoder

The attacks on in-vehicle Controller Area Network(CAN)bus messages severely disrupt normal communication between vehicles.Therefore,researches on intrusion detection models for CAN have positive business value for vehicle security,and the intrusion detection technology for CAN bus messages can effectively protect the invehicle network from unlawful attacks.Previous machine learning-based models are unable to effectively identify intrusive abnormal messages due to their inherent shortcomings.Hence,to address the shortcomings of the previous machine learning-based intrusion detection technique,we propose a novel method using Attention Mechanism and AutoEncoder for Intrusion Detection(AMAEID).The AMAEID model first converts the raw hexadecimal message data into binary format to obtain better input.Then the AMAEID model encodes and decodes the binary message data using a multi-layer denoising autoencoder model to obtain a hidden feature representation that can represent the potential features behind the message data at a deeper level.Finally,the AMAEID model uses the attention mechanism and the fully connected layer network to infer whether the message is an abnormal message or not.The experimental results with three evaluation metrics on a real in-vehicle CAN bus message dataset outperform some traditional machine learning algorithms,demonstrating the effectiveness of the AMAEID model.

FOLFOXIRI vs FOLFIRINOX as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND FOLFIRINOX regimen is the first-line reference chemotherapy(L1)in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(aPDAC).FOLFOXIRI,a schedule with a lower dose of irinotecan and no bolus 5-fluorouracil,has demonstrated efficacy and feasibility in colorectal cancer.AIM To investigate the potential clinical value of FOLFOXIRI in patients with aPDAC in routine clinical practice.METHODS Analyses were derived from all consecutive aPDAC patients treated in L1 between January 2011 and December 2017 in two French institutions,with either FOLFOXIRI(n=165)or FOLFIRINOX(n=124)regimens.FOLFOXIRI consisted of irinotecan(165 mg/m2),oxaliplatin(85 mg/m2),leucovorin(200 mg/m2)and 5-fluorouracil(3200 mg/m2 as a 48-h continuous infusion)every 2 wk.Ninety-six pairs of patients were selected through propensity score matching,and clinical outcomes of the two treatment regimens were compared.RESULTS Median overall survival was 11.1 mo in the FOLFOXIRI and 11.6 mo in the FOLFIRINOX cohorts,respectively.After propensity score matching,survival rates remained similar between the two regimens in terms of overall survival(hazard ratio=1.22;P=0.219)and progression-free survival(hazard ratio=1.27;P=0.120).The objective response rate was 37.1%in the FOLFOXIRI group vs 47.8%in the FOLFIRINOX group(P=0.187).Grade 3/4 toxicities occurred in 28.7%of patients in the FOLFOXIRI cohort vs 19.5%in the FOLFIRINOX cohort(P=0.079).FOLFOXIRI was associated with a higher incidence of grade 3/4 digestive adverse events.Hematopoietic growth factors were used after each chemotherapy cycle and the low hematological toxicity rates were below 5%with both regimens.CONCLUSION FOLFOXIRI is feasible in L1 in patients with aPDAC but does not confer any therapeutic benefit as compared with FOLFIRINOX.The low hematological toxicity rates strengthened the relevance of primary prophylaxis with hematopoietic growth factors.

Pretreatment levels of circulating endothelial cells on efficacy of first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Background:Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells might reflect significant vascular damage and dysfunction.Recent studies have shown that circulating endothelial cells levels are related to therapeutic responses of tumors,and thus,could be used as an indicator to predict the efficacy of tumor treatments.The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and impact of endothelial cells with and on the efficacy of first-line therapy(platinum-based or tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs treatments)for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods:We analyzed 45 inpatients who met the inclusion criteria of diagnosis with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer stages III and IV,in the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2019 to January 2020.The flow cytometry technique was adopted to detect pretreatment levels of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.The pretreatment peripheral blood was collected to analyze the relations of circulating endothelial cells with different clinical characteristics and efficacy.Results:The level of pretreatment circulating endothelial cells was significantly correlated with the efficacy of treatment(P<0.05)but irrelevant to the patient’s physical conditions,pathological type,tumor stage,and pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen(P>0.05).The comparison between the groups of response(complete response+partial response)and nonresponse(stable disease+progressive disease)showed a significant difference in circulating endothelial cells count.Compared with low levels of circulating endothelial cells,a high level of circulating endothelial cells led to a poor efficacy(P<0.05).Conclusion:The level of pretreatment circulating endothelial cells significantly correlated with the efficiency of first-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.Compared with low level of circulating endothelial cells,high level of circulating endothelial cells lead to poor efficacy.Therefore,circulating endothelial cell is indeed an effective indicator for predicting the efficacy of first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Autonomous bus services:current research status and future recommendations

Implementing autonomous bus services in several cities has garnered substantial research attention worldwide.However,the benefits and challenges of this emerging mode remain insufficiently understood.Consequently,VOSviewer was employed for a bibliometric analysis involving 300 publications,investigating the associations among authors,journals,and keywords.Subsequently,we comprehensively reviewed the current state of research on two topics and proposed future recommendations.Results indicate that the first document related to autonomous bus services was published in 2009.Most user attitude-related research data are obtained via questionnaires and analyzed using statistical techniques.Autonomous bus services are expected to benefit passengers regarding travel time,cost,safety,etc.,while passenger preferences are inconsistent.However,integrating the service into existing bus systems requires careful consideration of the schedule sequences.Notably,modular autonomous bus services present a new opportunity for the further optimization of bus services.In future studies,standardized data acquisition procedures should be developed to achieve comparable results.Regarding traveler choice behavior,the effect of specific autonomous bus service policies over time and the heterogeneity due to cultural or social contexts across regions should be assessed.To further promote autonomous bus services,based on fluctuating travel demands,the effects of vehicle capacity,speed,and cost of fleet composition should be evaluated comprehensively to optimize the bus network and schedule sequence.Owing to the protracted nature of the transition from conventional to fully autonomous buses,one should prioritize semi-autonomous bus services.Another essential future research direction is to integrate modular autonomous bus assembly or disassembly strategies with different fine-grained operation optimization techniques in various scenarios.

Shaping a New Level of Bus Service under a Novel Concept of Bus Interaction: A Meta-Review

Public transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-demand vehicle services is one of the main reasons for this issue. In addition, bus tourism services have been successfully developed to meet the exigent needs of tourists. Therefore, a new level of daily bus service is necessary to adapt to the changing demands of customers. Bus interaction (BI) plays an important role in bus services. Nevertheless, the conventional concept of BI mainly refers to users, physical interaction, and safety, but it does not address non-users, non-physical interactions, service quality, and other aspects. This study aims to elaborate on a new concept of bus services. Based on this, we developed a theoretical framework for BI. A meta-analysis was then conducted to identify the achievements and untouched aspects. The results of this study provide three main contributions. First, an unprecedented novel concept of BI is defined, including 13 types of interactions. Second, a comprehensive theoretical framework of BI is established based on the relationships between eight sustainable bus system sub-aspects and 13 BI types. Third, based on the theoretical framework and findings of the reviewed studies, a common finding comprehensive framework of BI is completed, which is accompanied by 1) key findings of the 13 BI types, 2) conclusions of traffic conditions affecting BI research, 3) BI research gaps, and 4) 16 main suggestions for future BI research.