Modification to first-order Born approximation for improved prediction of scattered sound from weakly scattering objects

When deriving the Fourier diffraction theorem based on the first-order Born approximation,the difference between wave number of the scattering object and that of the surrounding medium is ignored,causing substantial errors in sound scattering prediction.This paper modifies the Born approximation by taking into account the amplitude and phase changes between the scattering object and the water due to the wave number difference.By changing the radius and center position of the sampling circle in the Fourier domain,accuracy of the predicted sound scattering is improved.With the modified Born approximation,the computed far-field directional pattern of the scattered sound from a circular cylinder is in good agreement with the rigorous solution.Numerical calculations for several objects with different shapes are used to show applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Fuzzy stochastic generalized reliability studies on embankment systems based on first-order approximation theorem

In order to address the complex uncertainties caused by interfacing between the fuzziness and randomness of the safety problem for embankment engineering projects, and to evaluate the safety of embankment engineering projects more scientifically and reasonably, this study presents the fuzzy logic modeling of the stochastic finite element method （SFEM） based on the harmonious finite element （HFE） technique using a first-order approximation theorem. Fuzzy mathematical models of safety repertories were introduced into the SFEM to analyze the stability of embankments and foundations in order to describe the fuzzy failure procedure for the random safety performance function. The fuzzy models were developed with membership functions with half depressed gamma distribution, half depressed normal distribution, and half depressed echelon distribution. The fuzzy stochastic mathematical algorithm was used to comprehensively study the local failure mechanism of the main embankment section near Jingnan in the Yangtze River in terms of numerical analysis for the probability integration of reliability on the random field affected by three fuzzy factors. The result shows that the middle region of the embankment is the principal zone of concentrated failure due to local fractures. There is also some local shear failure on the embankment crust. This study provides a referential method for solving complex multi-uncertainty problems in engineering safety analysis.

A rigorous criterion to identify the validity of the Born approximation

This paper intends to identify the validity of the orn approximation by a new universal criterion, which is ultimately reduced to the calculation of an operator norm. With the purpose of enabling the criterion to be applicable to general scattering problems, a method is proposed to estimate the norm of the operator concerned. Compared with the conventional criterion, this method excels in its ability to acquire a quantificational upper bound of the relative error by Born approximation as well as to extend its valid frequency to a wider range. Two canonical scattering examples are given as evidence for the validity of the criterion.

Study of(e,2e) process on potassium at 6 e V-60 eV above threshold in a second-order Born approximation

The standard distorted wave Born approximation （DWBA） method has been extended to second-order Born amplitude in order to describe the multiple interactions between the projectile and the atomic target. Second-order DWBA calculations have been preformed to investigate the triple differential cross sections （TDCS） of coplanar doubly symmetric （e, 2e） collisions for the alkali target potassium at excess energies of 6 eV-60 eV. Compared with the previous first-order DWBA calculations, the present theoretical model improves the degree of agreement with experiments, especially for the backward scattering angle region of TDCS. This indicates that the present second-order Born term is capable of giving a reasonable correction to the DWBA model in studying coplanar symmetric （e, 2e） problems in low and intermediate energy ranges.

Electron impact ionization of neon and neonic ions under distorted-wave Born approximation

The （e, 2e） triple differential cross sections of 2s orbitals of neon and neonic ions （Z = 11-14） are calculated using a distorted-wave Born approximation under coplanar asymmetric geometry. The calculated results show that, with the increase in the nuclear charge number Z, the amplitude of triple differential cross sections decreases. The angle difference between the binary peak position and the direction of momentum transfer gradually increases with the increase in the nuclear charge Z, and a new structure appears at an ejected angle 90° 〈 θ2 〈 120°. Three kinds of collision processes are proposed to illustrate the formation mechanism of such collision peaks.

First-order approximate analytical expressions of oblique incident elastic wave at an interface of porous media saturated with a nonviscous fluid

The analysis technology of Amplitude Variation with Offset(AVO)is one of the important methods for oil and gas reservoir prediction.Zoeppritz equation and its approximations are the theoretical basis of AVO analysis,which assumes that the upper and lower media of a horizontal interface are single-phase media.Limited by this assumption,AVO analysis has limited prediction and identification accuracy for complex porous reservoirs.In view of this,the first-order approximate analytical expressions of oblique elastic wave at an interface of porous media are derived.Firstly,the incident and scattering characteristics of various waves at the interface of porous media are analyzed,and the displacement vectors generated by these elastic waves are described by exponential function.Secondly,the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions at the interface of porous media are discussed.Thirdly,by substituting the displacement vectors of incident and scattered waves into boundary conditions,the exact analytical equation is derived.Then,considering the symmetry of scattering matrix in the equation,the exact analytical expressions of each scattered wave are obtained.Furthermore,under the assumptions of small incident angle,weak elasticity at an interface of porous media,and ignoring the second-and higherorder terms,the first-order approximate analytical expressions are derived.Establishing a model of sandstone porous media with different porosity in upper and lower media,the correctness of the approximate analytical expressions is verified,and the elastic wave response characteristics of lithology and pore fluids are analyzed.

Computation of waves scattered by inhomogeneous velocity gradient using generalized Born approximation

The generalized Born approximation is an approximation method that represents the scattering term by the error between the exact Green's function and the approximate Green's function,mainly for the gradient scattering problem.However,so far,the research on the generalized Born approximation has only stayed in theory,and its implementation techniques are rarely reported.In order to fill this gap,the basic theory of generalized Born approximation is reviewed,and the implementation method of generalized Born approximation is discussed in this paper.In particular,the problem of calculating boundary effect elimination is discussed in detail.Finally,through model trial calculation,the calculation of gradient scattering,by comparing Born approximation and finite difference method,shows that using the generalized Born approximation to calculate gradient scattering achieves higher computational accuracy.

Dynamics of Rabi model under second-order Born Oppenheimer approximation

We apply the second-order Born-Oppenheimer （BO） approximation to investigate the dynamics of the Rabi model, which describes the interaction between a two-level system and a single bosonic mode beyond the rotating wave approxi- mation. By comparing with the numerical results, we find that our approach works well when the frequency of the two-level system is much smaller than that of the bosonic mode.

Quantum Mechanical Approach for Rutherford Scattering and Nuclear Scattering with Born Approximation

Rutherford classical scattering theory, as its quantum mechanical analogue, is modified for scattering cross-section and the impact parameter by using quantum mechanical momentum, (de Broglie hypothesis), energy relationship for matter oscillator (Einstein’s oscillator) and quantum mechanical wave vectors, and , respectively. It is observed that the quantum mechanical scattering cross-section and the impact parameter depended on inverse square law of quantum action (Planck’s constant). Born approximation is revisited for quantum mechanical scattering. Using Bessel and Neumann asymptotic functions and response of nuclear surface potential barrier, born approximations were modified. The coulombic fields inside the nucleus of the atom are studied for reflection and transmission with corresponding wave vectors, phase shifts and eigenfunctions Bulk quantum mechanical tunneling and reflection scattering, both for ruptured and unruptured nucleus of the atom, are deciphered with corresponding wave vectors, phase shifts and eigenfunction. Similar calculation ware accomplished for quantum surface tunneling and reflection scattering with corresponding wave vectors, phase shifts and eigenfunctions. Such diverse quantum mechanical scattering cross-section with corresponding wave vectors for tunneling and reflection, phase shifts and eigenfunctions will pave a new dimension to understanding the behavior of exchange fields in the nucleus of the atom with insides layers both ruptured and unruptured. Phase shifts, δl for each of the energy profile (partial) will be different and indeed their corresponding wave vectors for exchange energy eigenvalues.

Born-series approximation to volume-scattering wave for piecewise heterogeneous media

An efficient approximate scheme is presented for wave-propagation simulation in piecewise heterogeneous media by applying the Born-series approximation to volume-scattering waves. The numerical scheme is tested for dimensionless frequency responses to a heterogeneous alluvial valley where the velocity is perturbed randomly in the range of 5 %–25 %,compared with the full-waveform numerical solution. Then,the scheme is extended to a heterogeneous multilayered model by calculating synthetic seismograms to evaluate approximation accuracies Numerical experiments indicate that the convergence rate of this method decreases gradually with increasing velocity perturbations. The method has a fast convergence for velocity perturbations less than 15 %. However,the convergence becomes slow drastically when the velocity perturbation increases to 20 %. The method can hardly converge for the velocity perturbation up to 25 %.

修正一阶Born近似改进水中弱散射目标的散射声场预报

在推导Fourier衍射定理中运用一阶Born近似时忽略了弱散射体内外的波数差异,使散射声场方向特性的预报产生较大误差,针对这一问题,对一阶Born近似进行修正。考虑散射体内外波数差异引起的幅度和相位误差,通过调整频域采样圆弧半径并移动圆心位置得到了修正的一阶Born近似解。由于更准确地反映了目标与周围水介质的声学性质,有效提高了散射声场的预报精度。根据修正的Born近似计算了弱散射条件下无限长圆柱目标的散射远场指向性,结果与严格解相吻合,对其它形状截面的柱状目标也得到了合理的计算结果。

基于最优Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法

波动方程法中的叠前深度偏移是实现复杂构造和岩性地震成像的关键技术。其中 ,广义屏法是近几年发展起来的一种新方法 ,它基于散射理论、屏近似和一般Born近似 ,具有较高的精度和效率 ,是条件稳定的。为了提高算法的稳定性 ,提出了基于最优Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法。即对散射波场成像所使用的介质速度横向扰动公式不做任何近似 ,并且采用与两个延拓深度层中间位置处的地震波场最接近的波场代替层间的平均波场 ,而不是用上一延拓层处的地震波场代替层间的平均波场。模型试算结果表明 ,最优Born近似法对复杂地质体具有较强的适应性 ,在保证计算效率和成像精度的前提下 ,明显提高了算法的稳定性。

基于Born/Rytov近似的联合叠前深度偏移方法

波动方程法叠前深度偏移是实现复杂构造和岩性精确成像以及保幅处理的关键技术之一。目前常用的这类方法有分步傅里叶法 (SSF)、傅里叶有限差分法 (FFD)、频率空间域有限差分法 (FXFD)和广义屏法(GS)。其中 ,GS法是近几年发展起来的一种新方法 ,具有成像精度较高、计算效率一般和条件稳定的特点。依据GS法 ,考虑到效率、效果和稳定性 ,提出了基于Born/Rytov近似的联合叠前深度偏移方法。当延拓层的速度横向变化较小时 ,采用Born近似法 ;当延拓层的速度横向变化较大时 ,采用Rytov近似法。

稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法

本文针对 Huang L J等 (1999)在“扩展的局部 Born Fourier偏移方法”一文中提出的散射波场计算公式对于强横向变速介质的不稳定性 ,提出了一种新的 Born近似散射场计算公式 ,并把该公式应用于波场递归外推过程中 ,进而得到一种稳定的 Born近似叠前深度偏移方法。与 Split- StepFourier方法和 Phase- Screen方法相比 ,本方法对 Marmousi模型炮集数据的偏移处理取得了良好的结果。本文提出的 Born近似散射场计算公式可扩大 Born近似的应用范围 ,对散射波场的计算有一定的理论意义和应用价值。

基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法

在频率波数域和频率空间域实现了一种基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法 ,并在 2 D空间进行了Marmousi模型炮集数据的处理 .通过与Split StepFourier、Phase Screen和稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移等方法比较 ,认为基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法不仅在效果上要优于前三者 ,而且还能更好地处理速度横向变化 .在散射波场计算中 ,使用了一个更稳定的散射波场计算公式 ,扩大了拟线性Born近似的应用范围 ,使基于拟线性Born近似的叠前深度偏移方法能够适应更强的横向速度变化 .

QL-Born迭代法电磁散射计算

积分方程法是多维电磁响应的数值模拟和反演计算的有效方法之一.在线性化散射电磁场积分方程的基础上,采用迭代Born近似法进行了电导率成像反演.针对迭代Born近似法反演依赖初始模型,而QL近似法无需给定初值的特点,提出了两步法(QL Born迭代法),用QL近似法计算的结果作为Born迭代法的初始模型,避免人为设置初值,并进行了数值实验.

各向异性介质多分量感应测井三维Born几何因子理论研究

几何因子理论被广泛运用于感应测井仪器设计、响应特征分析及高分辨率曲线处理,现有的感应测井几何因子主要适用于二维各向同性介质,难以满足各向异性介质多分量感应测井的研究需要.本文基于Born近似方法将Born几何因子扩展至各向异性介质,推导了各向异性介质多分量感应测井三维Born几何因子表达式,随后进一步考察了多分量感应测井对地层各向异性的敏感性和探测能力.数值模拟结果表明,各向异性系数越大,多分量感应测井几何因子空间分布越复杂,其对各向异性的敏感性越高.多分量感应测井仪器在不同倾斜角度对各向异性均具有较高的敏感性.直井条件下,xx共面分量受各向异性影响严重,井斜角在40°—60°时,xz/zx交叉分量对各向异性的敏感性高,水平井中zz同轴分量则对各向异性的探测能力最强.各向异性介质三维Born几何因子弥补了现有几何因子理论的不足,可为国内新型多分量感应测井仪器研发及储层各向异性评价方法的发展提供有利条件.

用Born近似法对杆中球型缺陷的重构

为了用三维线弹性动力学的反演方法重构弹性介质中散射体的形状,推导了散射场缺陷体积型积分的表达式．并在远场散射幅值的积分表达式中引入了Born近似,进而用散射幅值的三维逆Fourier变换重构缺陷的形状．给出了杆中球形空穴缺陷几何形状重构的数值结果．

Born近似层析与Rytov近似层析对比研究

本文讨论了 Born 近似与 Rytov 近似的相互关系,并对地面反射、VSP、井间和四周观测系统在异常体速度与背景速度相差5%、10%以及15%的条件下,用这两种近似方法作了重建图像的实验。其结果表明,速度差低于10%时,无论 Born 近似或 Rytov 近似,更射层析均优于透射层析。此时,Rytov 近似的透射层析优势消失,这一结论与传统观点相悖。当速度差大于10%时,Rytov 近似透射层析优于 Born 近似。实验结果还说明,在地面激发、四周观测时,波动理论层析效果最佳,此点与射线理论是一致的。

用二维逆Born近似法对杆中方形缺陷的重构

为了重构弹性介质中散射体的形状,在三维弹性波散射问题的Born近似解基础上,进一步分析了在纵波入射条件下二维散射问题的Born近似解,对铝质长杆中的方形空穴缺陷的散射场情况进行了对比分析．提出了在低频下识别缺陷几何特征的二维逆Born近似法,并用此法对铝质长杆中的3种方形空穴缺陷作了计算机模拟．模拟的结果说明用二维逆Born近似法对缺陷几何特征的识别是有效的．