Numerical Study on Lateral Buckling Mode of Pipelines Laid on A Sleeper

Because non-buried submarine pipelines under cyclic thermal loading are prone to global buckling,sleepers are commonly laid along the pipeline route to induce a series of relatively small and controllable lateral buckling.A finite element model which can simulate the transformation of pipeline laid on a sleeper from vertical buckling to lateral buckling is established in this work.The parameters of sleeper affecting pipeline buckling modes are analysed,and a new kind of sleeper is proposed aimed at avoiding antisymmetric buckling.Results show that the lateral trigger force can avoid antisymmetric lateral buckling when acting between 1℃and 13℃before the critical buckling temperature.The range increases slightly with increasing trigger force.Compared with an ordinary sleeper,the proposed new sleeper with slider can reduce the critical buckling temperature by 25%,which significantly improves the success rate of sleepers.

A micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric and its application to the analysis of buckling under tension in wale direction:buckling analysis

With the aid of the micro-mechanical model of knitted fabric proposed in Part 1 we analyze the buckling of a knitted fabric sheet when it is subjected to a tension along the wale direction. The large deformation of the fabric sheet in the critical configuration is considered and, to avoid possible deviation due to the approximation of the theory of thin plate, the three-dimensional theory of instability is used. The fabric sheet is considered as a three-dimensional body and all boundary conditions are satisfied. It is shown that the buckling of the fabric sheet is possible, two buckling modes and the corresponding buckling conditions are obtained, but only the flexural mode is physically possible as observed in experiments.

Buckling Analysis of Tapered Continuous Columns by Using Modified Buckling Mode Shapes

Elastic critical buckling load of a column depends on various parameters,such as boundary conditions,material,and crosssection geometry.The main purpose of this work is to present a new method for investigating the buckling load of tapered columns subjected to axial force.The proposed method is based on modified buckling mode shape of tapered structure and perturbation theory.The mode shape of the damaged structure can be expressed as a linear combination of mode shapes of the intact structure.Variations in length in piecewise form can be positive or negative.The method can be used for single-span and continuous columns.Comparison of results with those of finite element and Timoshenko methods shows the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for detecting buckling load.

Bifurcation and buckling analysis of a unilaterally confined self-rotating cantilever beam

A nonlinear dynamic model of a simple nonholonomic system comprising a self-rotating cantilever beam subjected to a unilateral locked or unlocked constraint is established by employing the general Hamilton＇s Variational Principle. The critical values, at which the trivial equilibrium loses its stability or the unilateral constraint is activated or a saddle-node bifurcation occurs, and the equilibria are investigated by approximately analytical and numerical methods. The results indicate that both the buckled equilibria and the bifurcation mode of the beam are different depending on whether the distance of the clearance of unilateral constraint equals zero or not and whether the unilateral constraint is locked or not. The unidirectional snap-through phenomenon （i.e. catastrophe phenomenon） is destined to occur in the system no matter whether the constraint is lockable or not. The saddle-node bifurcation can occur only on the condition that the unilateral constraint is lockable and its clearance is nonzero. The results obtained by two methods are consistent.

Lateral buckling of non-trenched high temperature pipelines with pipelay imperfections

An analysis method for the buckling process of a pipe section with a random pipelay imperfection is proposed. Four basic lateral modes, acquired by finite-element （FE） eigenvalue buckling analysis, are combined to provide the needed grid configurations for describing a real pipelay imperfection and an arc-length algorithm is used to analyze the snap-through process of the shell-element-grid model under nonlinear frictional boundary conditions. This paper also presents evaluation methods for the lateral buckling of two types of pipe-in-pipe systems that are used in the offshore oil and gas industry. For evaluating the buckling and postbuckling of compliant pipe-in-pipe systems FE analyses were carried out to judge the occurrence of the system buckling and furthermore to check postbuckling stresses induced in the buckles. The calculated results of the modified Riks algorithm indicate that only when high temperature would not trigger an abrupt short-wavelength buckle and when no yielding has been induced in the unavoidable long-wavelength buckles, the thermal stability and safety of compliant pipe-in-pipe systems can be proved. In the non-compliant pipe-in-pipe systems, firstly small-amplitude buckles of the carrier pipe may occur in the annulus between carrier pipe and casing pipe and the contact forces between the spacers and the casing pipe may drive the buckle of the pipe-in-pipe systems on the seabed. Based on the classical analytical solution of pipe buckling, four potential buckling modes corresponding to finite- element models are developed to evaluate the stability and the postbuckling strength of such pipe-in-pipe systems.

DYNAMIC BUCKLING OF DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES UNDER STEP AXIAL LOAD

An approximate method is presented in this paper for studying the dynamic buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes （DWNTs） under step axial load. The analysis is based on the continuum mechanics model, which takes into account the van der Waals interaction between the outer and inner nanotubes. A buckling condition is derived, from which the critical buckling load and associated buckling mode can be determined. As examples, numerical results are worked out for DWNTs under fixed boundary conditions. It is shown that, due to the effect of van der Waals forces, the critical buckling load of a DWNT is enhanced when inserting an inner tube into a single-walled one. The paper indicates that the critical buckling load of DWNTs for dynamic buckling is higher than that for static buckling. The effect of the radii is also examined. In addition, some of the results are compared with the previous ones.

High-Order Lateral Buckling Analysis of Submarine Pipeline Under Thermal Stress

It is of importance to study and predict the possible buckling of submarine pipeline under thermal stress in pipeline design.Since soil resistance is not strong enough to restrain the large deformation of pipeline,high-order buckling modes occur very easily.Analytical solutions to high-order buckling modes were obtained in this paper.The relationships between buckling temperature and the amplitude or the wavelength of buckling modes were established.Analytical solutions were obtained to predict the occurrence and consequence of in-service buckling of a heated pipeline in an oil field.The effects of temperature difference and properties of subsoil on buckling modes were investigated.The results show that buckling will occur once temperature difference exceeds safe temperature;high-order pipeline buckling occurs very easily;the larger the friction coefficients are,the safer the submarine pipeline will be.

Buckling analysis of embedded graphene oxide powder-reinforced nanocomposite shells

In this study,the buckling analysis of a Graphene oxide powder reinforced(GOPR)nanocomposite shell is investigated.The effective material properties of the nanocomposite are estimated through Halpin-Tsai micromechanical scheme.Three distribution types of GOPs are considered,namely uniform,X and O.Also,a first-order shear deformation shell theory is incorporated with the principle of virtual work to derive the governing differential equations of the problem.The governing equations are solved via Galerkin’s method,which is a powerful analytical method for static and dynamic problems.Comparison study is performed to verify the present formulation with those of previous data.New results for the buckling load of GOPR nanocomposite shells are presented regarding for different values of circumferential wave number.Besides,the influences of weight fraction of nanofillers,length and radius to thickness ratios and elastic foundation on the critical buckling loads of GOP-reinforced nanocomposite shells are explored.

THE ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION OF A DYNAMIC BUCKLING PROBLEM IN ELASTIC COLUMNS

For the dynamic buckling of an elastic column, which is subjected to a longitudinal impact by a rigid body, the form of the axial load is very complicated. The problem may be reduced to discuss the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. So far, a theoretical solution may not be obtained. In this paper, this dynamic buckling problem of an ideal elastic column with finite length is discussed. By the perturbation method with a small parameter and the variational method, a solution of this problem is given. Finally, numerical computation is carried out, from this, some beneficial conclusions are obtained.

Effects of layer number and initial pressure on continuum-based buckling analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes accounting for van der Waals interaction

The structural instability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) has captured extensive attention due to the unique characteristic of extremely thin hollow cylinder structure. The previous studies usually focus on the buckling behavior without considering the effects of the wall number and initial pressure. In this paper, the axial buckling behavior of MWCNTs with the length-to-outermost radius ratio less than 20 is investigated within the framework of the Donnell shell theory. The governing equations for the infinitesimal buckling of MWCNTs are established, accounting for the van der Waals(vd W) interaction between layers. The effects of the wall number, initial pressure prior to buckling, and aspect ratio on the critical buckling mode, buckling load, and buckling strain are discussed, respectively. Specially, the four-walled and twenty-walled CNTs are studied in detail, indicating the fact that the buckling instability may occur in other layers besides the outermost layer. The obtained results extend the buckling analysis of the continuum-based model, and provide theoretical support for the application of CNTs.

BUCKLING OF COOLING TOWER SHELLS WITH RING-STIFFENERS

With the stability analysis of hyperbolic cooling tower shells with ring-stiffeners. our paper proposes the linear pre-buckling consistent theory. The numerical result shows that this linear analysis method is very effective and practical in engineering, for its precision of compulation is up to the level of the nonlinear analysis when it is used for the study of critical loads of the hyperbolic cooling tower which is mainly governed by wind pressure and for the study of the effect of some oilier factors concerned in design on the buckling of shells. Based on that, we have obtained a scries of conclusions whicii will greatly benefits the engineering design when discussing the effect on the critical windloading of the shell which is caused by the following factors such as the position of rings, the number of rings and the dead weight.

开口断面钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振特性及颤振形态研究

为准确评估开口断面双边箱钢-混结合梁悬索桥颤振性能和多模态参与效应,以典型的钢-混结合梁悬索桥——怀化洞庭溪沅水特大桥为背景,开展风洞模型试验及数值分析。制作加劲梁节段缩尺模型并进行风洞试验,测试原桥梁结构的颤振性能,分析调整阻尼比、采用气动措施及结构措施对结构颤振特性的影响,采用三维和二维两种颤振分析方法分析设置中央扣结构的颤振模态及多模态参与效应。结果表明:该钢-混结合梁悬索桥存在较明显的颤振起振点,且颤振是以扭转为主的弯扭耦合振动,同时其扭转和竖向振动存在较大的相位差(相差近180°);节段模型风洞试验与三维和二维颤振分析一致得到设置中央扣后,频率较高的正对称扭转模态先于反对称模态发生颤振,且三维与二维颤振分析结果相差不大。

地震作用下网架结构失效模式的判定方法

利用增量动力分析方法,采用多段梁单元对无缺陷网架、考虑节点几何缺陷网架、杆件几何缺陷网架以及综合考虑节点和杆件几何缺陷的网架整体结构在地震作用下的响应进行了研究。对比表明:综合考虑节点和杆件几何缺陷会加速网架结构的失效进程,施加几何缺陷没有改变网架在同一地震激励下的失效模式。从结构响应的角度,根据网架结构特征点加速度位移曲线、位移时程曲线以及网架塑性杆件比例,提出了地震作用下判别网架结构失效模式的具体标准:若网架跨中位移时程曲线发生明显跳跃,网架塑性杆件占比较小且小于一定限值,可判定网架发生动力稳定失效。若网架跨中位移时程曲线无明显跳跃但逐渐发散,且网架塑性杆件占比较高并大于一定限值,可判定网架发生强度型失效。

层间摩擦系数对非黏结柔性管抗拉铠装层轴压屈曲失效模式的影响研究

在柔性管运输、铺设安装和服役过程中,由于其抗拉铠装层钢带为柔性细长螺旋结构,当外部载荷超过临界值时,抗拉铠装层钢带容易发生屈曲失效。考虑非线性材料、几何大变形、层间接触和摩擦等非线性效应的影响,运用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了63.5mm典型非黏结柔性管8层完整结构模型,研究了在抗拉铠装层不同层间摩擦系数的情况下,非黏结柔性管在轴向压缩载荷作用下的力学性能和屈曲失效模式。研究结果表明,层间摩擦系数对非黏结柔性管的抗压刚度和抗拉铠装层屈曲失效模式有较大影响,层间摩擦系数以0.1和0.2为分界点,抗压刚度和屈曲失效模式均呈现出“三段式”变化规律。研究成果可为海洋非黏结柔性管的结构设计和屈曲失效评估提供技术参考。

薄壁杆件屈曲模态分析的力特征约束有限条法

整体、畸变、局部等基本变形模式的划分是条理化开展薄壁杆件工程计算的必要手段。薄壁杆件的基本变形模式传统上基于简化应力-应变关系,采用变形、应变等几何特征进行定义,不利于因应复杂化应力-应变关系。提出一套完全基于力特征和正交完备性原则的基本模式定义。与广义梁理论和约束有限条法相比,提出的整体、畸变、局部3种基本变形模式关于刚度严格正交,且完整覆盖薄壁杆件全变形域。基于该定义实现了针对薄壁杆件有限条模型的屈曲模态分解和识别。算例表明,提出的基本模式定义和屈曲模态分析方法具有开、闭口和折、曲线形截面的一致适应能力,剪应变和横向伸缩的影响在基本屈曲模式中得到合理表达,曲线形截面薄壁构件具有与多边形截面薄壁构件一致的整体、畸变和局部屈曲机理。

型钢组合加固震损RC框架抗震性能试验研究

震损RC框架需在震后得到快速修复,考虑采用加强局部构造及提高整体结构抗震能力的方法,以恢复甚至提高震损框架的抗震能力。结合框架在地震作用下的受力特性及破坏模式,先对柱采取外包角钢与缀条的局部加固,后对整体框架分别采取薄壁钢板剪力墙、斜支撑、V形屈曲约束支撑方式进行加固,并对加固后试件进行低周往复加载试验。结果表明:组合加固后试件抗震性能改善明显,将原框架的“强梁弱柱”转为符合抗震要求的“强节点弱构件,强柱弱梁”破坏。破坏时支撑及薄壁钢板先破坏,能有效避免主体框架过早破坏。试件加固后承载能力、初始刚度、延性及累积耗能均比未加固试件提高显著,且承载力及刚度退化均较缓慢,最后破坏为累积损伤所致。采用V形屈曲约束支撑加固的试件由于其具有多重耗能能力,其抗震性能及延性均好于其他两种组合加固方式的试件,综合考虑试件加固后的抗震性能及破坏模式,建议选用此种方法加固。

初始几何缺陷对含粮食钢筒仓的屈曲影响

大型钢筒仓作为典型的薄壁结构,被广泛应用于工农业中储存大量颗粒状固体物料。为了明确钢筒仓在卸料作用下对其稳定性的影响,基于欧洲钢筒仓设计规范,利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行数值模拟,将完善钢筒仓一阶特征值屈曲模态作为初始几何缺陷,研究其在卸料作用下的变形特征、屈曲模态和径向位移。结果表明:钢筒仓在卸料过程中受复杂侧压力和摩擦力的作用会引起仓壁失稳破坏;初始几何缺陷的存在进一步降低了钢筒仓的抗屈曲能力。本文研究结果可为钢筒仓储料发展提供一定的工程实用价值。

不同高度预应力膨胀支柱偏心承载能力研究

利用房柱与空场采矿法对金属矿进行开采时往往需要在采场内留设原岩矿柱保证回采期间安全作业,而残留矿柱会导致经济效益下降,为解决上述问题研发了一种预应力膨胀支柱代替原岩矿柱进行支护。以预应力膨胀支柱支护技术为背景,研究了不同高度和偏心加载的预应力膨胀支柱承载能力;基于室内材料力学拉伸试验,确定了膨胀支柱材料力学参数;利用ABAQUS数值模拟软件,构建了膨胀支柱数值分析模型,并对其进行了静力学屈曲分析,获取支柱在不同高度与偏心条件下的破坏模式与承载规律。结果表明:轴心受压下,膨胀支柱的破坏区域在支柱中间部位,随着支柱高度增加,其承载强度降低。偏心受压条件下,膨胀支柱破坏区域随偏心距增大而向上转移,同时其承载强度降低。将预应力膨胀支柱应用于某矿现场原岩矿柱回采,并监测其承载性能,所得承载规律与数值模拟结果相一致,反映出膨胀支柱能够有效维持采场稳定性和提高矿石回采率。

冷弯薄壁型钢T形拼合柱轴压性能研究与承载力计算

冷弯薄壁型钢(CFS)全螺栓垫板连接T形拼合柱是一种新型拼合截面柱,在全螺栓连接框架结构中承受集中荷载。目前关于全螺栓连接T形CFS拼合柱轴心受力性能的研究报道较少。基于已有的试验研究成果,建立准确可靠的T形CFS拼合柱数值分析模型,选取构件长细比、板材厚度、垫板的纵向间距等参数,研究在轴压作用下各重要参数对T形CFS拼合柱极限承载力和屈曲模态的影响。结果表明:随着长细比的增大,T形CFS拼合柱的屈曲模式由局部与畸变相关屈曲逐渐转变为整体屈曲,当长细比<104.7时,长细比变化对构件承载力的影响不明显;板厚对构件的承载力变化具有显著影响,在长细比较大的情况下可以改变构件的屈曲模式;垫板的纵向间距对构件的承载力和屈曲模式影响较小,不同垫板纵向间距的构件极限承载力变化均在4.5%以内。最后,将试验和数值分析结果与北美规范中直接强度法计算的名义承载力对比,评估直接强度法对于此类拼合柱承载力计算的适用性。

多物理场载荷作用下金属薄壁结构动力学响应特性计算与分析

目的 研究航空发动机热端部件在多物理场载荷作用下的非线性动力学响应问题。方法 以多物理场载荷作用下矩形薄壁结构的试验和仿真验证计算方法为基础,分析计算不同温度工况下某薄壁结构的模态趋势,计算薄壁结构的屈曲温度。研究外部流场为150 m/s的工况下,不同温度载荷与不同声压级载荷共同作用下薄壁结构的响应。采用改进的雨流计数法及Morrow平均应力模型预估结构的疲劳寿命。结果 屈曲系数为0.5和1.1时,应力响应均在一阶基频激起最大峰值。屈曲系数为1.1时,薄壁结构较屈曲系数为0.5时损伤幅值增加。在声载荷声压级达到160 dB,屈曲系数为1.1时,雨流损伤矩阵循环块开始沿副对角线分布。结论 同一声压级下,随着温度的升高,结构疲劳寿命下降;同一温度下,随着声压级的不断提高,各屈曲系数的疲劳寿命均呈线性下降趋势。