Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition thr...Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition through dielectric characterization.According to the previous theoretical design rule,the Curie temperature can be suppressed by increasing the tolerance factor.So,in the present work,high-quality Ca_(3-x)LaxTi_(2-x)Al_(x)O_(7)(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)ceramics with increased tolerance factors were successfully prepared.The amplitude of oxygen octahedral tilt mode indeed decreases with increasing tolerance factors,leading to a degeneration of ferroelectric polarization.However,the unexpected rigid rotation mode causes the composition-invariable coercive fields.The Curie temperatures decrease linearly with increasing x and tolerance factors.The variable-temperature dielectric constant confirms first-order improper ferroelectric transitions in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics.The results of variable temperature Xray diffraction reveal the coexistence of two-phases below Curie temperature.The present work confidently confirms the first-order improper ferroelectric transition in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics by combining results of variable-temperature dielectric response and in-situ X-ray powder diffraction.展开更多
采用k-ε湍流模型,对不同尺寸的散流器风口、条缝风口送风方式下全封闭和不封闭4人卧铺包厢的三维空气流场和温度场进行了数值计算,利用PMV(Predicted Mean Vote)和空气龄(age of air)指标分析优化各通风方式下车厢内上、下铺位人体的...采用k-ε湍流模型,对不同尺寸的散流器风口、条缝风口送风方式下全封闭和不封闭4人卧铺包厢的三维空气流场和温度场进行了数值计算,利用PMV(Predicted Mean Vote)和空气龄(age of air)指标分析优化各通风方式下车厢内上、下铺位人体的热舒适性,讨论不同工况下各送风方式的空调效果。根据数值模拟结果,包厢封闭时,按照厢内人体区的气流组织效果,条缝风口送风优于散流器送风方式;包厢不封闭时,各种送风方式均引起冷热不均现象,条缝风口送风引起上、下铺人体头部、手臂外侧区温度偏低,散流器送风人体内侧区温度偏高。展开更多
The gas field in the center of Ordos Basin has been conventionally considered as a large gas pool with thin reservoirs. However, lots of phenomena contrary to this concept occur in the exploration and production proce...The gas field in the center of Ordos Basin has been conventionally considered as a large gas pool with thin reservoirs. However, lots of phenomena contrary to this concept occur in the exploration and production process. It is proposed that the gas field is composed of many small lithological gas pools, sourced from and reservoired in the same Ordovician formation which is an underpressured fluid compartment. A dynamic equilibrium moldel of natural gas migration and accumulation has been developed to illustrate the formation mechanism of these gas pools.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51772266 and 51790493the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2016YFA0300101.
文摘Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition through dielectric characterization.According to the previous theoretical design rule,the Curie temperature can be suppressed by increasing the tolerance factor.So,in the present work,high-quality Ca_(3-x)LaxTi_(2-x)Al_(x)O_(7)(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)ceramics with increased tolerance factors were successfully prepared.The amplitude of oxygen octahedral tilt mode indeed decreases with increasing tolerance factors,leading to a degeneration of ferroelectric polarization.However,the unexpected rigid rotation mode causes the composition-invariable coercive fields.The Curie temperatures decrease linearly with increasing x and tolerance factors.The variable-temperature dielectric constant confirms first-order improper ferroelectric transitions in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics.The results of variable temperature Xray diffraction reveal the coexistence of two-phases below Curie temperature.The present work confidently confirms the first-order improper ferroelectric transition in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics by combining results of variable-temperature dielectric response and in-situ X-ray powder diffraction.
文摘采用k-ε湍流模型,对不同尺寸的散流器风口、条缝风口送风方式下全封闭和不封闭4人卧铺包厢的三维空气流场和温度场进行了数值计算,利用PMV(Predicted Mean Vote)和空气龄(age of air)指标分析优化各通风方式下车厢内上、下铺位人体的热舒适性,讨论不同工况下各送风方式的空调效果。根据数值模拟结果,包厢封闭时,按照厢内人体区的气流组织效果,条缝风口送风优于散流器送风方式;包厢不封闭时,各种送风方式均引起冷热不均现象,条缝风口送风引起上、下铺人体头部、手臂外侧区温度偏低,散流器送风人体内侧区温度偏高。
文摘The gas field in the center of Ordos Basin has been conventionally considered as a large gas pool with thin reservoirs. However, lots of phenomena contrary to this concept occur in the exploration and production process. It is proposed that the gas field is composed of many small lithological gas pools, sourced from and reservoired in the same Ordovician formation which is an underpressured fluid compartment. A dynamic equilibrium moldel of natural gas migration and accumulation has been developed to illustrate the formation mechanism of these gas pools.
