Constructing the Ontology for Modeling the Fish Production in Pearl River Basin

This paper puts forward a construction method based on ontology for the Pearl River Basin fish production, to facilitate the domain knowledge analysis and information retrieval. By converting the concepts and terms in domain ordinally, the fish production ontology was constructed with the definition of classes, properties, instances, and relationships. The developed ontology model of the fish production knowledge is proposed and applied in the system of fish diseases diagnosis primarily. The research lays the semantic foundation for the further efficient knowledge management and practical application.

The study of productivity in the Bohai Sea-Ⅱ. Primary productivity and estimation of potential fish catch

-On the basis of the data obtained from the surveys in the Bohai Sea during 1982-1983, this paper analysed and discussed the distribution and seasonal variation of primary productivity in the Bohai Sea, and the correlations between the primary productivity and environmental factors. The organic carbon production and prospect of fishery production in the waters of this sea are estimated. It is shown that, there exists production patential in the Bohai Sea, the primary production is 112 gC/ (m2 ?a)the production of organic carbon being 10 million ton per year, the fishery yields 1 million ton and the maximum catch of sea products 0. 5 million ton. The results of the investigation can serve as the basic data for the exploitation, utilization and management of the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea.

Fishing Production and Fishing Changes in Hong Kong after the Ground Trawl Ban of 31st December 2012:A Geospatial Evaluation

From data published by the Hong Kong SAR(HKSAR)government in their two sole fisheries surveys of 2006 and 2016/2017,the current authors produced regional maps using spatial interpolation to more accurately describe and estimate the geographic coverage of changes in fishing production in Hong Kong waters since the ground trawl ban of 2012 December 31st.These suggest the fishing industry has adapted to smaller craft,and that fishing production increased in several areas in the period after the ground trawl ban came into effect.In addition,the maps enable a smoother assessment to be made of the geospatial changes in fishing production which have occurred since the ground trawl ban and suggest a‘workaround’by fishermen.In particular,small fishing craft known as sampans are able to take advantage by being more suitable vessels for areas such as narrower or shallower bays.Marine plastics pollution is also a proxy indicator of these activities,as evidenced by discarded fishing gear that includes plastic nets,floats,and other fishing boat equipment.

Integration of Fish and Poultry Farming into Cropping Systems to Improve Production Yields

This study aims to evaluate and compare the fertilizing effects of fish-breeding water and river water combined or not with composted poultry manure on the growth and production of okra and lettuce crops. Thus, a sample of 2000 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry and a sample of 100 Cobb 500 strain chicks were reared and monitored for six months and fifteen days. Poultry manure and fish-breeding water were then collected and used to fertilize and water okra and lettuce crops. Two systems were used for the crops (okra and lettuce) tested in an elementary plot design with replicates for each treatment (T1: fish-breeding water alone;T2: river water alone;T3: fish-breeding water combined with manure;T4: river water combined with manure). Morphometric parameters and phenological traits of okra and lettuce crops as well as the total harvest weight and production yield were evaluated and compared between treatments. The results reveal better growth and higher yields (0.67 kg/m2 vs. 0.45 kg/m2) of okra crops that received treatment T1 compared to T2. The best growth and yields of lettuce were obtained with treatments T3 (3.34 kg/m2) and T1 (1.89 kg/m2) compared to T4 (1.23 kg/m2) and T2 (1.20 kg/m2). These results show that fish-breeding water combined with poultry manure can boost okra and lettuce production and would be a real asset to stimulate local agricultural development. Thus, the adoption of such an agro-ecological approach integrating fish farming and animal husbandry could increase local production and provide food of good nutritional quality.

Genetic Toxic Effects of Rare-earth Waste and Its Products on Peacock Fish

The micro-nuclei and abnormal nuclei rates of peacock fish are tested,genetic toxic effects of rare-earth waste and its products(cement,plastic) on peacock in water are investigated.Results show that the leachate of rare-earth waste can lead to micronuclei and abnormal nuclei rates of peacock fish an obvious increase(P<0.01). Products made of the waste cause the micronuclei rate to be increased because of its low radio active action,but the change in abnormal nuclei rate can't reach a remarkable level.It shows that rare-earth waste has a certain effect of causing mutation on aquatic organism.Harmfulness of products made from this waste is decreased largely,and resources can be effectively saved.

Fish sauce and gastric cancer:an ecological study in Fujian Province,China

AIM To explore the relationship betweenconsumption of fish sauce and the risk of gastriccancer in Fujian Province.METHODS An ecological study was carriedout.A total of 11000 subjects from 55 townshipswere randomly selected from 10 counties withinFujian Province.All subjects were localresidents who had been living in Fujian Provincefor more than 20 years,within the age group of45-74 years.Trained interviewers conductedface-to-face interviews with a standardizedquestionnaire,which covered the frequency andamount of food intake,dietary habit,tobaccoand alcohol consumption and history of chronicgastric diseases.Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed using Epi-info and SASstatistical packages,respectively.RESULTS A significant correlation betweenmonthly consumption of fish sauce and mortalityof gastric cancer was found.Pearson’scoefficient of correlation was statisticallysignificant with r=0.7356 for males,r=0.5246for females(P【0.01).In the multivariateanalysis,consumption of fish sauce still showedan association with the risk of gastric cancer.No significant positive correlation betweenesophagus cancer,liver cancer,colon cancerand consumption of fish sauce were observed.CONCLUSION Long-term intake of fish saucemay be related to high mortality of gastriccancer.Consumption of fish sauce might be oneof important and unique etiologic factors ofgastric cancer in Fujian Province.Furtherstudies are needed to confirm this ecologicalstudy.

Utilization of Small Size Bolti (<i>Talibia nilotica</i>) and Sardine (<i>Sardina pilchardus</i>) Fish in Preparing Canned Weaning Food Purees

Utilize small size of bolti and sardine fish in preparing fish based weaning foods rich in protein, essential amino acids, fat high in omega 3 fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was investigated. The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated, The results of the chemical composition showed that the moisture content of fish based weaning food purees ranged from 67.73% to 72.05%. On dry weight basis, the five prepared formulations considered rich in protein (37.39% - 44.86%), fat (26.55% - 30.43%), ash (6.53% - 12.23%) and low in carbohydrates (20.70% - 22.18%). Using fish bones with muscles in preparing weaning food puree caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, P, Fe, and Zn levels especially in purees formulated from bolti. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish rich, in fat, were higher in vitamin A and D than those formulated from bolti one. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and myristic acid (C14:0) represented the major saturated fatty acids in the prepared formulations. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish had relatively higher levels of sulfur-containing amino acids and slight lower values of lysine, alanine and glycine than these including bolti fish. The In vitro protein digestibility index (IVPDI) of the different formulations was found to be 100%. The visual colour of such products can be described as yellowish. Except hardness, the other texture characteristics;cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the weaning food purees did not significantly change. The children’s mothers accepted the appearance, flavor, and mouth feel of all weaning food purees prepared in this study.

水产资源刑法保护的实践面向与规范适用研究

我国行政法和刑法对水产资源双重保护的法律体系已经形成。水产资源行政保护规范的专门化设置和刑法保护规范的精细化调整对司法实践的理性化规制提出了新要求。水产资源刑法保护司法实践呈现出违法性判断中实质性解释欠缺、罪量要素违法评价机能缺位以及共同责任与上下游责任界定模糊的特征,需要从罪质、罪量和关联责任方面进行完善。水产资源刑法保护的罪质厘定,应在厘清水产资源犯罪双重违法性的评判立场与认定路径的前提下,对水产资源犯罪危害行为的时空要素和手段要素进行实质解释。水产资源犯罪“情节严重”的罪量标准呈现出“以侵害方式为主、犯罪数额为辅”的二元评价模式,宜准确把握犯罪数额要素的多维嬗变,对侵害方式要素进行有限化出罪,明确兜底性规定的一般判断规则和特殊情形中的规范借力。水产资源共同犯罪责任的划定以二元审查机制为基础,具体要依照共同犯罪的组织方式和行为特点进行类型化分析,对水产资源上下游犯罪责任判别的关键词要精准解释。

Mathematical Equations for Reducing Water Pollution Problems among Poultry Production Clusters in Nong Khai Province, Thailand

Poultry production clusters (PPC) in Nong Khai raise layer chickens in the poultry houses constructed over fish ponds. Layer farmers use chicken manure to feed their fish. However, unbalance between chicken raising and the size of fish pond or number of fish results in low water quality, which affects fish production and the community’s public water resource. In this field study, data was collected from layer farms in three poultry production clusters in Nong Khai province in the northeast of Thailand (a total of 90 farms) between April and August 2013. Data collected consisted of observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) values of water in the fish ponds, the number of egg-laying chickens raised above the fish ponds, the number of fish and size of the fish ponds. When all of these four observations were analyzed, mathematical equations for calculating the number of chickens raised, the number of fish per one rai (1600 m2), and the size of pond suitable for the number of chickens and fish were obtained as follows: 1) number of fish/rai = 5796 + 1097(size of pond) (R2 = 0.71), 2) number of chicken/rai = 513 + 223(size of pond) (R2 = 0.48) and 3) size of pond =-0.328474 + 0.000262(Fish) + 0.00117(Chicken) (R2 = 0.40). When pond = desired pond size, fish = number of fish to be raised and chicken = number of chickens to be raised.

毛霉发酵黄花鱼鱼糜制品工艺研究

研究以黄花鱼作为材料,采用毛霉作为发酵菌种,研究发酵黄花鱼鱼糜制品工艺。采用蛋白酶活性作为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了发酵时间、发酵温度和接种量的最佳工艺参数,对发酵72 h内的鱼糜品质进行了品质研究。结果表明,发酵黄花鱼鱼糜制品的最佳工艺条件为发酵时间48 h,发酵温度25℃,接种量为5%。发酵72 h内,水分下降到45%,pH值下降到5.8,总酸含量升至0.53%,挥发性盐基氮含量上升到32 mg/100 g,氨基酸态氮增加到0.6%,试验结果为毛霉发酵黄花鱼鱼糜制品的工艺奠定了理论和基础。

江苏省渔港监督管理助力渔业安全生产的思考

渔业是高风险行业,渔业安全生产工作关系到渔民生命财产安全、渔业可持续发展和渔区稳定,受到广大渔民和社会各界深切关注。随着国家、社会对渔业安全生产的重视加强,渔港监督管理在渔业安全生产中的重要性大幅提升,逐渐成为渔船安全风险管控的重要手段。为更好适应渔港监督管理工作面临的新形势、新要求,助力江苏省渔港监督管理适应新环境、面对新挑战,分析了渔港监督工作在安全管理方面的优势;梳理了江苏省海洋渔业渔船、船员、渔港和管理机构现状,阐明了存在渔港基础设施不完善、执法人员不足等难点问题;提出了规范渔船停泊行为、加强执法站点建设、完善监督法律法规、搭建信息管理平台等针对性的对策和建议。

基于区块链的远洋捕捞产品新鲜度评价与可信追溯模型研究

针对远洋捕捞追溯流程缺少产品新鲜度定量分析,分析结果可信度差等问题,以三文鱼为例,详细分析远洋捕捞追溯流程,基于层次分析法建立了远洋捕捞产品新鲜度指标评价体系,提出新鲜度得分公式,实现了标准统一的产品新鲜度评价。结合ECDSA签名技术与智能合约实现了追溯责任的精准定位,通过引入信誉积分数据,建立了奖励、惩罚、补偿机制三位一体的企业双向信誉评价模型,保障了信誉评价主体的积极性及新鲜度得分数据的真实性,实现了产品新鲜度的可信追溯。安全性分析表明信誉积分的攻击难度等价于ECDSA私钥的破解难度,证明了信誉评价模型可信、安全及不可篡改的特性。性能测试结果显示,追溯数据读写吞吐量保持在500笔/s与150笔/s以上,读写成功率分别为100%与98%,数据写入平均耗时为0.416 s,数据查询平均耗时为0.142 s,相比基于可靠企业信誉评估机制的区块链农产品可信追溯模型,存储与查询效率分别提升55.8%与63.4%,基本满足产品实际追溯业务需求。

我国发酵鱼制品菌群组成与风味代谢相关性研究进展

发酵是一种传统的鱼类贮藏方式,在发酵过程中,原料或环境中携带的微生物通过自身代谢能够促进碳水化合物、蛋白质及脂肪的分解利用,从而生成丰富的风味物质。不同地区的人们通过添加不同的原辅料以及控制盐含量、发酵温度、发酵时间等条件,得到风味、形态均大不相同的发酵鱼制品,同时各类发酵鱼制品中微生物组成的差异性导致其特征性风味物质的组成也各不相同,因此研究不同发酵鱼制品中的菌群组成,探究微生物代谢与特征性风味物质形成的相关性成为当前研究的热点之一。本文针对国内不同类型发酵鱼制品,对其发酵工艺、菌群组成、特征性风味物质及产生机制的相关研究进行整理和讨论,分析发酵条件对菌群组成、进一步对风味形成的影响;同时对比不同微生物与风味物质相关性研究方法的特点,为今后探索发酵鱼风味形成机制及对发酵鱼风味进行精准调控提供参考方向。

产教融合背景下“鱼稻共生”大米包装设计研究

产教融合是现代职业教育的特色,通过企业与学校的紧密合作,可以共同培养人才,推动企业战略发展。这种模式下,可以实现教育与产业的互动,使学生在校期间就能接触实际工作环境,提高职业技能和就业竞争力。本文以“鱼稻共生”大米包装设计为例,在保护生态环境的基础上,通过校企合作,服务乡村振兴,突出鱼稻共生主题。方案包括品牌视觉形象设计和元素提炼运用两部分,旨在确保设计的实用性和主题性。

贝-鱼-草生产型湿地沉积物中细菌群落结构特征分析

[目的]研究“贝-鱼-草”生产型湿地处理养殖尾水工艺中的细菌群落结构变化特征。[方法]采用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术对湿地不同单元沉积物中的细菌群落结构进行分析。[结果]幼贝高效净化单元和高密度贝类净化单元中的多样性和菌群丰度明显高于其他处理单元。在门水平分类单元上,湿地沉积物中的优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。冗余分析发现各单元沉积物中的TP含量是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。[结论]湿地中投放的贝类可以减少沉积物中的氮磷营养盐,并且通过贝类的生物扰动作用可以提高沉积物中细菌群落的多样性和丰富度,研究结果为“贝-鱼-草”生产型湿地处理养殖尾水提供了科学依据。

养殖鱼类的动物福利与产品品质

以提高我国养殖鱼类产品品质的动物福利策略为目标,对国内外从动物福利到鱼福利的发展历程进行了归纳分析并提出展望。首先,基于对陆生脊椎动物福利的五项自由原则和三大范畴的系统回顾,对比动物福利在家畜家禽业的研究发展历程,对鱼类福利的发展历程与现状进行了脉络梳理;然后,针对鱼类福利的量化评估问题,从生理应激、行为应激以及心理应激三大应激响应机制,对鱼类福利评价体系相关的研究进展进行了回顾,重点针对评价指标及评价方法进行了归纳总结;接下来,针对养殖鱼类产业,重点对养殖过程、离水捕捞以及致死处置三个主要环节的鱼类福利特点及研究利用现状进行了分析讨论。最后,分析指出我国渔后动物福利存在盲区,提出了品质易逝期动物福利方案的设计思路,和基于品质易逝期动物福利原则以实现锁鲜调控的展望。

辽宁5座水源地水库底栖动物群落结构特征比较

为探究辽宁省5座水源地水库—观音阁、白石、柴河、清河和汤河水库底栖动物的群落结构特征,并根据底栖动物的现存量估算鱼产潜力,为这5座水库保水渔业的放养捕捞提供科学依据,于2019-2020年开展季节性调查,共检出底栖动物67种,其中,节肢动物52种,以摇蚊幼虫为主,有39种;寡毛类12种,主要为颤蚓和仙女虫;软体动物3种,分别为观音阁和汤河水库检出的椭圆萝卜螺,以及观音阁和白石水库的梨形环棱螺和褶纹冠蚌。检出种类以汤河水库最多,39种,其次为观音阁水库34种,白石水库最少,仅23种。密度以白石水库最高,1546.89 ind/m^(2),其次为观音阁水库658.33 ind/m^(2),汤河水库最低,481.92 ind/m^(2)。生物量以白石水库最高,7.76 g/m^(2),其次为汤河水库5.68 g/m^(2),清河水库最低,2.49 g/m^(2)。5座水库密度在春、夏、秋季均可出现峰值,但最低值皆出现在夏季;生物量则以春、冬季较高,夏、秋季较低。各库密度和生物量总体表现为静水区最高,仅观音阁水库密度和生物量、白石水库生物量峰值出现在过渡区。观音阁和柴河水库河流区至坝前密度和生物量总体以寡毛类为主,而入水口以摇蚊幼虫占比最高;清河水库和汤河水库入水口至静水区密度和生物量总体以摇蚊幼虫为主,而坝前均以寡毛类占比最高;白石水库入水口至过渡区主要为摇蚊幼虫,坝前静水区以寡毛类为主。群落聚类与MDS排序结果显示,观音阁、柴河和清河水库群落较为相似,而白石水库和汤河水库群落相似性较低,且与观音阁、柴河和清河水库差异明显。CCA结果显示,水深、总氮、氨氮、DOC、叶绿素a含量是5座水库影响底栖动物密度的关键因子。底栖动物种类组成受总氮、氨氮影响明显,汤河水库总氮、氨氮含量最低,表现为种类最多,摇蚊幼虫优势地位高;白石水库中总氮、氨氮含量最高,表现为种类最少,水丝蚓优势地位高。基于底栖动物估算的鱼产潜力白石水库最高,汤河水库次之,清河水库最低。与以往调查数据相比,5座水库种类数均增加,主要是检测出的摇蚊幼虫种类增加;而密度和生物量表现有所不同,观音阁水库密度和生物量均降低,而清河和汤河水库均增加,白石水库则密度增加而生物量降低,柴河水库则密度降低而生物量增加。以上结果表明,应根据这5座水源地水库底栖动物群落结构特征,针对性地管理底栖动物食性鱼类的放养和捕捞。

漳泽水库浮游生物群落结构和鲢、鳙食性及鱼产力评估

为探究漳泽水库中鲢、鳙放养对富营养化控制的效果,基于碳(δ^(13)C)、氮(δ^(15)N)稳定同位素技术于2022年7月研究了漳泽水库鲢、鳙的主要食物来源和营养级,同时于2022年春夏及2023年秋季进行了浮游生物的群落组成调查和鲢、鳙鱼产力评估,探讨鲢、鳙控藻效果。结果表明,浮游植物对鲢、鳙的平均相对贡献分别为68.5%和68.8%,浮游动物对鲢、鳙的平均相对贡献分别为31.5%和31.2%,用来控藻的鲢、鳙均以浮游植物为主要食物来源。而浮游植物生物量有所增加,蓝藻代替2019年的绿藻成为新的优势种,水库富营养化未得到有效控制。根据浮游生物生物量估算鲢的鱼产力为732.521 t、鳙的鱼产力为310.106 t。本研究可为富营养化湖库中鲢、鳙控藻效果及生态利用提供参考。

鱼油ω-3 PUFAs的功能特性研究进展

由各种水产副产物精制提取的鱼油可广泛应用于食品、药品以及动物饲料的加工。鱼油中的二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)的主要功能活性成分,食品鱼油具有健康促进作用。该文结合国内外研究进展,重点综述近年来鱼油ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的主要功能特性,并针对鱼油主要功能特性的不足进行分析,以期为鱼油功能活性成分在医药和食品领域的深度开发提供参考。

淡水鱼预制产品风味形成机理及调控方式研究进展

淡水鱼制品因其高蛋白低脂肪,味道鲜美、香气醇厚而备受消费者们喜爱。其良好风味物质是鱼肉中可溶性物质间发生的一系列复杂的生化反应形成的,主要有蛋白质降解、脂质氧化、美拉德反应及美拉德与脂质氧化相互作用。淡水鱼预制过程中良好风味的形成是其品质评价和消费者购买导向的重要指标,也是淡水鱼预制产品的工业化生产和推广的重要影响因素。基于此,本文系统综述了预制淡水鱼产品的风味特征、风味形成机理、影响因素及调控方法。此外,在充分了解风味形成的基础上,还讨论了预制淡水鱼产品未来发展过程中的重要研究方向。未来研究中,需不断革新技术,应关注风味化合物浓度与其风味特性之间的量效关系,确定淡水鱼及其制品中关键风味物质呈现可接受鲜味的浓度范围和产生腥味的浓度范围,从而实现淡水鱼及其制品不良风味的精确调控。