[Objective] This study was to further enhance previous research in finding appropriate methods for preservation and utilization of fish waste.[Method]Fresh fish waste(head and viscera)from arabesque greenling(Pleur...[Objective] This study was to further enhance previous research in finding appropriate methods for preservation and utilization of fish waste.[Method]Fresh fish waste(head and viscera)from arabesque greenling(Pleurogrammus azonus)was mixed with dried beet-pulp and beet molasses at a ratio of 70:20:10 on fresh matter basis,respectively.These were inoculated with /without a commercial inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum and ensiled at room temperature for 15,30,60 and 90 days.Fermentation quality and chemical composition of the silages were evaluated and a feeding trial conducted using hen layers with fish waste silage replacing 25% of a commercial formulated diet on dry matter basis.[Result] The concentration of lactic acid in the silages tended to increase with extension of the ensiling period and was significantly(P 〈 0.05)enhanced by the inoculant.The pH declined from 6.5 to around 4.4 during the first 15 days of the ensiling period and did not change much thereafter.The non-protein nitrogen(NPN)content increased two folds after 15 days in all silages relative to the material but the rate of volatile basic nitrogen(VBN)to total nitrogen(TN)was less than 10%.Feed intake and egg production was similar with replacement of 25% of the commercial formulated diet with fish waste silage.展开更多
This study evaluates the potential of local fish waste oil as a feedstock for biodiesel via supercritical methanol transesterification(SCMT).Hexane was used as a cosolvent and the transesterification reaction was carr...This study evaluates the potential of local fish waste oil as a feedstock for biodiesel via supercritical methanol transesterification(SCMT).Hexane was used as a cosolvent and the transesterification reaction was carried out in a continuous reactor under supercritical conditions.The response surface methodology(RSM)method was applied to analyse the effect of four independent variables,including the weight ratio of methanol to fish-waste oil(W),the reaction temperature(T),the pressure(P)and the feed flow rate(F),on the yield of the biodiesel production in supercritical methanol.According to the calculated optimal operating condition for the RSM,the values of W(22.3 weight ratio of methanol to fish waste oil),T(270°C),P(112.7 bar)and F(2.0 mL min-1)were achieved.Under the optimum conditions,the highest yield was estimated to be 94.6%(g/g).The obtained yield was found to be close to the theoretical yield(95.2%).This value suggests that the proposed strategy has a promising potential in the production of biodiesel fuel.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the biogas production of FW, co-digestion was done with two other substrates: cow dung (CD) and waste of market (MW). Batch test was carried out in an 1</span><span "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L glass digester in a temperature controlled chamber at 38</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. The following mixtures were carried out: FW with CD respectively at different ratios 100:0% (A), 80:20%</span></span><span "=""> </span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">(B) and 60:40% (C);FW with MW at the following ratio 80:20% (D);FW with CD and MW respectively at these ratios 80:10:10% (F) and 60:20:20% (G). The biogas produced was measured using a milligas counter</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></sup><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the volume of gas was recorded. The gas composition was determined using gas chromatography. With a pH stable for raw substrates and mixtures, TS and VS (%TS) contents for FW were respectively 31.01% and 91.55%. Between 3 to 13 days of experimentation, the highest flow rate was observed. The percentage of methane was more important for mixtures B and D, 61% and 59% respectively. pH and VOA/T</span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">IC were stable at the end of the batch test for all mixtures, meaning that the organic matter was already well digested. The highest values of Volatile Solid Removal (VSR) were found for mixtures C, D, F and G. Therefore, the promising mixtures for next experimentations in large scale are B and D.</span> </div>展开更多
The production of bioflocs with the solid waste from recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)and feeding Artemia results in additional nutrient retention and lowers waste discharged from RAS.The solid waste from the dru...The production of bioflocs with the solid waste from recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)and feeding Artemia results in additional nutrient retention and lowers waste discharged from RAS.The solid waste from the drumfilters of two RAS,which stocked European eel(Anguilla anguilla)and Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),was used as substrate to produce bioflocs in suspended growth reactors,referred to as E-flocs and T-flocs,respectively.Mono-diets consisting of 100%E-flocs and 100%T-flocs were added to culture Artemia,referred as E-Artemia and T-Artemia,respectively,in a laboratory scale test.The efficiency of this feeding regime was investigated.A significant difference was observed in terms of crude protein content(35.59±0.2%)for E-flocs,(29.29±0.95)%for T-flocs,(70.01±0.92)%for E-Artemia and(65.63±0.89)%for T-Artemia.134 out of the total operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were present in E-flocs and T-flocs from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data.Most of the shared OTUs belonged to cyanobacteria.C18:1n7 of T-flocs was higher than that of E-flocs(P<0.05).C18:2n6 of E-flocs was significantly higher than that of T-flocs(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the other fatty acid compositions(P>0.05).The survival rate of E-Artemia was(22±0.02)%,significantly higher than that of T-Artemia(16%±0.02%)(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed between the average body weight of E-Artemia(2.38±0.40 mg)and E-Artemia(2.91±0.21)(P>0.05).The EPA of Artemia fed with E-flocs was(3.00±0.46)%,significantly higher than that of T-Artemia(1.57±0.19%)(P<0.05).This study offers a method for reusing the aquaculture waste,which will be helpful to achieve a zero-pollution discharge for aquaculture systems.展开更多
In order to assess the potential health risks of Hg pollution, total mercury(T–Hg) and methyl mercury(Me Hg) concentrations were determined in air, dust, surface soil, crops, poultry,fish and human hair samples f...In order to assess the potential health risks of Hg pollution, total mercury(T–Hg) and methyl mercury(Me Hg) concentrations were determined in air, dust, surface soil, crops, poultry,fish and human hair samples from an electronic waste(e-waste) recycling area in Taizhou,China. High concentrations of T–Hg and Me Hg were found in these multiple matrices, and the mean concentration was 30.7 ng/m3 of T–Hg for atmosphere samples, 3.1 μg/g of T–Hg for soil, 37.6 μg/g of T–Hg for dust, 20.3 ng/g of Me Hg for rice and 178.1 ng/g of Me Hg for fish,suggesting that the e-waste recycling facility was a significant source of Hg. The inorganic Hg(I–Hg) levels(0.84 μg/g) in hair samples of e-waste workers were much higher than that in the reference samples. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that strong positive correlations(p 〈 0.01) between hair I–Hg and time staying in industrial area(r = 0.81) and between Me Hg and fish consumption frequency(r = 0.91), imply that workers were mainly exposed to Hg vapor through long-time inhalation of contaminated air and dust, while other population mainly exposed to Me Hg through high-frequency fish consumption. The estimated daily intakes of Hg showed that dietary intake was the major Hg exposure source,and Hg intakes from rice and fish were significantly higher than from any other foods. The estimated total daily intakes(TDIs) of Me Hg for both children(696.8 ng/(kg·day)) and adults(381.3 ng/(kg·day)) greatly exceeded the dietary reference dose(Rf D) of 230 ng/(kg·day),implying greater health risk for humans from Hg exposures around e-waste recycling facilities.展开更多
基金Founded by NEDO:new energy and industrial Technology Development Organization for the study on development of utilization technology for the final residue
文摘[Objective] This study was to further enhance previous research in finding appropriate methods for preservation and utilization of fish waste.[Method]Fresh fish waste(head and viscera)from arabesque greenling(Pleurogrammus azonus)was mixed with dried beet-pulp and beet molasses at a ratio of 70:20:10 on fresh matter basis,respectively.These were inoculated with /without a commercial inoculant of Lactobacillus plantarum and ensiled at room temperature for 15,30,60 and 90 days.Fermentation quality and chemical composition of the silages were evaluated and a feeding trial conducted using hen layers with fish waste silage replacing 25% of a commercial formulated diet on dry matter basis.[Result] The concentration of lactic acid in the silages tended to increase with extension of the ensiling period and was significantly(P 〈 0.05)enhanced by the inoculant.The pH declined from 6.5 to around 4.4 during the first 15 days of the ensiling period and did not change much thereafter.The non-protein nitrogen(NPN)content increased two folds after 15 days in all silages relative to the material but the rate of volatile basic nitrogen(VBN)to total nitrogen(TN)was less than 10%.Feed intake and egg production was similar with replacement of 25% of the commercial formulated diet with fish waste silage.
文摘This study evaluates the potential of local fish waste oil as a feedstock for biodiesel via supercritical methanol transesterification(SCMT).Hexane was used as a cosolvent and the transesterification reaction was carried out in a continuous reactor under supercritical conditions.The response surface methodology(RSM)method was applied to analyse the effect of four independent variables,including the weight ratio of methanol to fish-waste oil(W),the reaction temperature(T),the pressure(P)and the feed flow rate(F),on the yield of the biodiesel production in supercritical methanol.According to the calculated optimal operating condition for the RSM,the values of W(22.3 weight ratio of methanol to fish waste oil),T(270°C),P(112.7 bar)and F(2.0 mL min-1)were achieved.Under the optimum conditions,the highest yield was estimated to be 94.6%(g/g).The obtained yield was found to be close to the theoretical yield(95.2%).This value suggests that the proposed strategy has a promising potential in the production of biodiesel fuel.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the biogas production of FW, co-digestion was done with two other substrates: cow dung (CD) and waste of market (MW). Batch test was carried out in an 1</span><span "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L glass digester in a temperature controlled chamber at 38</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. The following mixtures were carried out: FW with CD respectively at different ratios 100:0% (A), 80:20%</span></span><span "=""> </span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">(B) and 60:40% (C);FW with MW at the following ratio 80:20% (D);FW with CD and MW respectively at these ratios 80:10:10% (F) and 60:20:20% (G). The biogas produced was measured using a milligas counter</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></sup><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the volume of gas was recorded. The gas composition was determined using gas chromatography. With a pH stable for raw substrates and mixtures, TS and VS (%TS) contents for FW were respectively 31.01% and 91.55%. Between 3 to 13 days of experimentation, the highest flow rate was observed. The percentage of methane was more important for mixtures B and D, 61% and 59% respectively. pH and VOA/T</span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">IC were stable at the end of the batch test for all mixtures, meaning that the organic matter was already well digested. The highest values of Volatile Solid Removal (VSR) were found for mixtures C, D, F and G. Therefore, the promising mixtures for next experimentations in large scale are B and D.</span> </div>
基金This study was funded by the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project(16DZ2281200).
文摘The production of bioflocs with the solid waste from recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)and feeding Artemia results in additional nutrient retention and lowers waste discharged from RAS.The solid waste from the drumfilters of two RAS,which stocked European eel(Anguilla anguilla)and Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),was used as substrate to produce bioflocs in suspended growth reactors,referred to as E-flocs and T-flocs,respectively.Mono-diets consisting of 100%E-flocs and 100%T-flocs were added to culture Artemia,referred as E-Artemia and T-Artemia,respectively,in a laboratory scale test.The efficiency of this feeding regime was investigated.A significant difference was observed in terms of crude protein content(35.59±0.2%)for E-flocs,(29.29±0.95)%for T-flocs,(70.01±0.92)%for E-Artemia and(65.63±0.89)%for T-Artemia.134 out of the total operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were present in E-flocs and T-flocs from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data.Most of the shared OTUs belonged to cyanobacteria.C18:1n7 of T-flocs was higher than that of E-flocs(P<0.05).C18:2n6 of E-flocs was significantly higher than that of T-flocs(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the other fatty acid compositions(P>0.05).The survival rate of E-Artemia was(22±0.02)%,significantly higher than that of T-Artemia(16%±0.02%)(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed between the average body weight of E-Artemia(2.38±0.40 mg)and E-Artemia(2.91±0.21)(P>0.05).The EPA of Artemia fed with E-flocs was(3.00±0.46)%,significantly higher than that of T-Artemia(1.57±0.19%)(P<0.05).This study offers a method for reusing the aquaculture waste,which will be helpful to achieve a zero-pollution discharge for aquaculture systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21177087)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project (2013CB430005)
文摘In order to assess the potential health risks of Hg pollution, total mercury(T–Hg) and methyl mercury(Me Hg) concentrations were determined in air, dust, surface soil, crops, poultry,fish and human hair samples from an electronic waste(e-waste) recycling area in Taizhou,China. High concentrations of T–Hg and Me Hg were found in these multiple matrices, and the mean concentration was 30.7 ng/m3 of T–Hg for atmosphere samples, 3.1 μg/g of T–Hg for soil, 37.6 μg/g of T–Hg for dust, 20.3 ng/g of Me Hg for rice and 178.1 ng/g of Me Hg for fish,suggesting that the e-waste recycling facility was a significant source of Hg. The inorganic Hg(I–Hg) levels(0.84 μg/g) in hair samples of e-waste workers were much higher than that in the reference samples. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that strong positive correlations(p 〈 0.01) between hair I–Hg and time staying in industrial area(r = 0.81) and between Me Hg and fish consumption frequency(r = 0.91), imply that workers were mainly exposed to Hg vapor through long-time inhalation of contaminated air and dust, while other population mainly exposed to Me Hg through high-frequency fish consumption. The estimated daily intakes of Hg showed that dietary intake was the major Hg exposure source,and Hg intakes from rice and fish were significantly higher than from any other foods. The estimated total daily intakes(TDIs) of Me Hg for both children(696.8 ng/(kg·day)) and adults(381.3 ng/(kg·day)) greatly exceeded the dietary reference dose(Rf D) of 230 ng/(kg·day),implying greater health risk for humans from Hg exposures around e-waste recycling facilities.