Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes.However,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have ...Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes.However,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing terminology.Going forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature oligodendrocytes.This new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological contexts.Adopting this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across studies.This,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases.Additionally,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination failure.Thus,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.展开更多
Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various lim...Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization.This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.Recent studies and a detailed case report highlight the efficacy of acellular fish skin grafts in accelerating wound closure,reducing dressing changes,and enhancing patient outcomes with a lower socio-economic burden.Despite their promise,challenges such as limited availability,patient acceptance,and the need for further research persist.Addressing these through more extensive randomized controlled trials and fostering a multidisciplinary treatment approach may optimize DFU care and reduce the global health burden associated with these complex wounds.展开更多
睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个...睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。展开更多
Large and shallow lakes are widely influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors,including eutrophication.Normally,diverse strategies of eutrophication management are needed to restore the lake ecosystems.Dianchi Lak...Large and shallow lakes are widely influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors,including eutrophication.Normally,diverse strategies of eutrophication management are needed to restore the lake ecosystems.Dianchi Lake,a subtropical plateau lake in Yunnan Province,SW China,has long experienced the effects of eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms.To mitigate the eutrophication of Dianchi Lake,various efforts have been implemented since 2000,including reducing nutrient inputs,reestablishing aquatic macrophytes in lakeside zones,manipulating fishes and so on.However,little is known about the changes in its ecosystem structure and function after long-term efforts of eutrophication management in the lake.Therefore,this study on such changes was conducted by comparing the field data-based Ecopath models between 2009 and 2019,a decade marked by a rapid implementation of eutrophication management policies.Results show that both top-down and bottom-up processes have influenced the ecosystem structure and function.First,over this decade,nutrient reduction significantly reduced phytoplankton biomass by 49.4%.Nutrient recycling and path length in food web began to decrease,as indicated by the decrease of Finn's cycling index and Finn's mean path length.Secondly,fishing management strategy has greatly changed the composition of fish assemblage,which was dominated by the small zooplantivorous fishes with ecological niche overlapping with shrimps.In general,the stability of the ecosystem has been decreasing,due to the dramatic decrease in zooplankton biomass(83.67%)and hence a collapse of the microbial loop in the food web.Therefore,we strongly advocate the persistent efforts to mitigate the risk of recurrent cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake,necessitating stricter regulation of nutrient levels and implementing effective fish population management techniques.展开更多
Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the bio...Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the biomonitoring and ranking effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs on the marine fish model Oryzias melastigma embryos were determined in the Jiulong River Estuary(JRE) and its adjacent waters in China.The results showed that the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons from almost all sites met the primary standard for marine seawater quality,and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the surface seawater were lower compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide.A new fish expert system based on the embryotoxicity of O.melastigma(OME-FES) was developed and applied in the field to evaluate the biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The selected physiological index and molecular indicators in OME-FES were appropriate biomarkers for indicating the harmful effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The outcome of OME-FES revealed that the biological effect levels of the sampling sites ranged from level Ⅰ(no stress) to level Ⅲ(medium stress),which is further corroborated by the findings of nested analysis of variance(ANOVA) models.Our results suggest that the OME-FES is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking the biological effects of marine petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.This method may also be applied to evaluate other marine pollutants based on its framework.展开更多
BACKGROUND A fish spike stuck in the throat is a common ear,nose,and throat(ENT)emergency.However,it is very rare for a fish spike to reach the thyroid tissue through the throat,which is very dangerous and can lead to...BACKGROUND A fish spike stuck in the throat is a common ear,nose,and throat(ENT)emergency.However,it is very rare for a fish spike to reach the thyroid tissue through the throat,which is very dangerous and can lead to pharyngeal fistula,cervical abscess,mediastinal abscess,and thyroid abscess.Proper and timely management can help reduce complications,especially in elderly patients.CASE SUMMARY In the case presented here,the causative factor was dentures,but improper management aggravated the condition.In the case presented here,an elderly woman with a history of accidentally swallowing fish bones for 20 d had a sensation of foreign bodies in her throat.Eventually,computed tomography(CT)of the neck showed that the left side of the thyroid gland had a dense shadow in the form of a stripe.CONCLUSION If a fishbone foreign body is not visible during endoscopic examination but the patient has significant symptoms,the surgeon should be aware that the fishbone may be lodged in the thyroid.To avoid a misdiagnosis,ultrasound,CT,and other tests can be used to clarify the diagnosis.T The first step in treating a fish bone in the thyroid gland is to determine the position of the foreign body and the extent of the infection,and to develop a personalized surgical plan for its removal.At the same time,scientific information should be made available to the general public so that people know that if a fish bone is accidentally lodged,they should not force it to be swallowed or be spit out by inducing vomiting,which are incorrect methods and may aggravate the condition or even cause it to migrate outside the cavity,leading to serious complications,as in this reported case.展开更多
生命是一部由基因编写的复杂交响曲,而荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是揭示这部交响曲内在奥秘的重要工具之一。FISH是一种生物分子分析技术,用于研究细胞和组织中的染色体结构、基因定位和基因表达。该...生命是一部由基因编写的复杂交响曲,而荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是揭示这部交响曲内在奥秘的重要工具之一。FISH是一种生物分子分析技术,用于研究细胞和组织中的染色体结构、基因定位和基因表达。该技术通过使用荧光标记的DNA或RNA探针与目标DNA或RNA序列杂交,然后通过荧光显微镜观察杂交信号的位置和数量。FISH技术让人们能够在细胞和组织层面上观察基因、染色体的情况,了解患者病变部位的分子生物学特征,从而为个体化医疗提供支持。但对于许多患者而言,他们并不了解FISH,甚至对为何进行FISH检测存在疑惑。本文将从科普角度解读FISH分子病理报告,以及FISH走入临床工作的意义。展开更多
Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intes...Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.展开更多
基金supported by KU Leuven Internal Funding(C3/21/012)the Research Foundation Flanders(FWO G092222N)(to LM)。
文摘Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes.However,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing terminology.Going forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature oligodendrocytes.This new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological contexts.Adopting this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across studies.This,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases.Additionally,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination failure.Thus,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Technology Project,No.2022RC009 and No.2024KY645.
文摘Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization.This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.Recent studies and a detailed case report highlight the efficacy of acellular fish skin grafts in accelerating wound closure,reducing dressing changes,and enhancing patient outcomes with a lower socio-economic burden.Despite their promise,challenges such as limited availability,patient acceptance,and the need for further research persist.Addressing these through more extensive randomized controlled trials and fostering a multidisciplinary treatment approach may optimize DFU care and reduce the global health burden associated with these complex wounds.
文摘睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。
基金Supported by the Yunnan-Kunming Major Science and Technology Project(No.202202AH210006)the Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province Project(No.202305AM340008)+2 种基金the Yunnan-Kunming Liu Yongding Academician Workstation Funds(No.YSZJGZZ-2020018)the Yunnan Science and Technology Commission(Nos.202401AS070119,202103AC100001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52379081)。
文摘Large and shallow lakes are widely influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors,including eutrophication.Normally,diverse strategies of eutrophication management are needed to restore the lake ecosystems.Dianchi Lake,a subtropical plateau lake in Yunnan Province,SW China,has long experienced the effects of eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms.To mitigate the eutrophication of Dianchi Lake,various efforts have been implemented since 2000,including reducing nutrient inputs,reestablishing aquatic macrophytes in lakeside zones,manipulating fishes and so on.However,little is known about the changes in its ecosystem structure and function after long-term efforts of eutrophication management in the lake.Therefore,this study on such changes was conducted by comparing the field data-based Ecopath models between 2009 and 2019,a decade marked by a rapid implementation of eutrophication management policies.Results show that both top-down and bottom-up processes have influenced the ecosystem structure and function.First,over this decade,nutrient reduction significantly reduced phytoplankton biomass by 49.4%.Nutrient recycling and path length in food web began to decrease,as indicated by the decrease of Finn's cycling index and Finn's mean path length.Secondly,fishing management strategy has greatly changed the composition of fish assemblage,which was dominated by the small zooplantivorous fishes with ecological niche overlapping with shrimps.In general,the stability of the ecosystem has been decreasing,due to the dramatic decrease in zooplankton biomass(83.67%)and hence a collapse of the microbial loop in the food web.Therefore,we strongly advocate the persistent efforts to mitigate the risk of recurrent cyanobacteria blooms in Dianchi Lake,necessitating stricter regulation of nutrient levels and implementing effective fish population management techniques.
基金The Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract Nos 2020014 and 2020017the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41977211the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract No.GASI-02-SCS-YDsum。
文摘Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the biomonitoring and ranking effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs on the marine fish model Oryzias melastigma embryos were determined in the Jiulong River Estuary(JRE) and its adjacent waters in China.The results showed that the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons from almost all sites met the primary standard for marine seawater quality,and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the surface seawater were lower compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide.A new fish expert system based on the embryotoxicity of O.melastigma(OME-FES) was developed and applied in the field to evaluate the biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The selected physiological index and molecular indicators in OME-FES were appropriate biomarkers for indicating the harmful effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The outcome of OME-FES revealed that the biological effect levels of the sampling sites ranged from level Ⅰ(no stress) to level Ⅲ(medium stress),which is further corroborated by the findings of nested analysis of variance(ANOVA) models.Our results suggest that the OME-FES is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking the biological effects of marine petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.This method may also be applied to evaluate other marine pollutants based on its framework.
文摘BACKGROUND A fish spike stuck in the throat is a common ear,nose,and throat(ENT)emergency.However,it is very rare for a fish spike to reach the thyroid tissue through the throat,which is very dangerous and can lead to pharyngeal fistula,cervical abscess,mediastinal abscess,and thyroid abscess.Proper and timely management can help reduce complications,especially in elderly patients.CASE SUMMARY In the case presented here,the causative factor was dentures,but improper management aggravated the condition.In the case presented here,an elderly woman with a history of accidentally swallowing fish bones for 20 d had a sensation of foreign bodies in her throat.Eventually,computed tomography(CT)of the neck showed that the left side of the thyroid gland had a dense shadow in the form of a stripe.CONCLUSION If a fishbone foreign body is not visible during endoscopic examination but the patient has significant symptoms,the surgeon should be aware that the fishbone may be lodged in the thyroid.To avoid a misdiagnosis,ultrasound,CT,and other tests can be used to clarify the diagnosis.T The first step in treating a fish bone in the thyroid gland is to determine the position of the foreign body and the extent of the infection,and to develop a personalized surgical plan for its removal.At the same time,scientific information should be made available to the general public so that people know that if a fish bone is accidentally lodged,they should not force it to be swallowed or be spit out by inducing vomiting,which are incorrect methods and may aggravate the condition or even cause it to migrate outside the cavity,leading to serious complications,as in this reported case.
文摘生命是一部由基因编写的复杂交响曲,而荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是揭示这部交响曲内在奥秘的重要工具之一。FISH是一种生物分子分析技术,用于研究细胞和组织中的染色体结构、基因定位和基因表达。该技术通过使用荧光标记的DNA或RNA探针与目标DNA或RNA序列杂交,然后通过荧光显微镜观察杂交信号的位置和数量。FISH技术让人们能够在细胞和组织层面上观察基因、染色体的情况,了解患者病变部位的分子生物学特征,从而为个体化医疗提供支持。但对于许多患者而言,他们并不了解FISH,甚至对为何进行FISH检测存在疑惑。本文将从科普角度解读FISH分子病理报告,以及FISH走入临床工作的意义。
基金supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants(2022-67015-36200)from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture。
文摘Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.
