As we know, PACT (President's Advisory Committee on Future Technology) members of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) used to be CTOs of large companies from only a few developed countries such as ...As we know, PACT (President's Advisory Committee on Future Technology) members of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) used to be CTOs of large companies from only a few developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan. However, Haier Group has broken the ice since it entered the IEC/PACT commission in June 2005, lifting the curtain on international standardization of our national enterprises. And now, Haier is hosting the IEC/PACT annual conference in November 2007. Could you introduce it in detail?展开更多
In China,almost all name brand household electronic appliance enterprises are striving to explore the rural market. But why is that the peasants are for inferior brands?Is it because the name brand household electroni...In China,almost all name brand household electronic appliance enterprises are striving to explore the rural market. But why is that the peasants are for inferior brands?Is it because the name brand household electronic appliance enterprises have not made enough efforts,or the rural market is too particular?展开更多
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the Chi... On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……展开更多
For a specific combustion problem involving calculations of several species at the equilibrium state, it is simpler to write a general computer program and calculate the combustion concentration. Original work describ...For a specific combustion problem involving calculations of several species at the equilibrium state, it is simpler to write a general computer program and calculate the combustion concentration. Original work describes, an adaptation of Newton-Raphson method was used for solving the highly nonlinear system of equations describing the formation of equilibrium products in reacting of fuel-additive-air mixtures. This study also shows what possible of the results. In this paper, to be present the efficient numerical algorithms for. solving the combustion problem, to be used nonlinear equations based on the iteration method and high order of the Taylor series. The modified Adomian decomposition method was applied to construct the numerical algorithms. Some numerical illustrations are given to show the efficiency of algorithms. Comparisons of results by the new Matlab routines and previous routines, the result data indicate that the new Matlab routines are reliable, typical deviations from previous results are less than 0.05%.展开更多
This study assessed the effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion on livelihood diversification and evaluated the determinants of livelihood diversification in two districts in the South Afar region of Northeast Ethiopia...This study assessed the effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion on livelihood diversification and evaluated the determinants of livelihood diversification in two districts in the South Afar region of Northeast Ethiopia.Using random sampling method,154 households and 2 focus groups composed of 10 individuals were selected from four sites in the two districts.The relationship between P.juliflora invasion and incomes obtained from P.juliflora varied across the study sites.In Awash Fentale District and Amibara District,11.0%and 3.2%of households,respectively,earned income from P.juliflora charcoal production.In total,14.3%of households were involved in charcoal production.In addition,19.9%of households earned income from selling P.juliflora pods and wood materials in the two districts.With the exception of income from P.juliflora charcoal production,the sex of households did not affect incomes from other livelihood activities.Moreover,household educational attainment significantly affected income obtained from vegetables,fruits,and cereal crops.Male householders were engaged in more diverse livelihood activities than female householders.Reversing the severe invasion of P.juliflora on grazing and woodlands in the region is advisable through integrated natural resources,pastoralist participation,and multidisciplinary research strategies.展开更多
Research on social aspects of energy and those applying machine learning(ML)is limited compared to the‘hard’disciplines such as science and engineering.We aim to contribute to this niche through this multidisciplina...Research on social aspects of energy and those applying machine learning(ML)is limited compared to the‘hard’disciplines such as science and engineering.We aim to contribute to this niche through this multidisciplinary study integrating energy,social science and ML.Specifically,we aim:(i)to compare the applicability of different ML models in household(HH)energy;and(ii)to explain people’s perception of HH energy using the most appropriate model.We carried out cross-sectional survey of 323 HHs in a developing country(Nepal)and extracted 14 predictor variables and one response variable.We tested the performance of seven ML models:K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Extra Trees Classifier(ETC),Random Forest(RF),Ridge Classifier(RC),Multinomial Regression–Logit(MR-L)and Probit(MR-P)in classifying people’s responses.The models were evaluated against six metrics(confusion matrix,precision,f1 score,recall,balanced accuracy and overall accuracy).In this study,ETC outperformed all other models demonstrating a balanced accuracy of 0.79,0.95 and 0.68 respectively for the Agree,Neutral and Disagree response categories.Results showed that,compared to conventional statistical models,data driven ML models are better in classifying people’s perceptions.It was seen that the majority of the surveyed people from rural(68%)and semi-urban areas(67%)tend to resist energy changes due to economic constraints and lack of awareness.Interestingly,most(73%)of the urban residents are open to changes,but still resort to fuel-stacking because of distrust in the state.These grass-root level responses have strong policy implications.展开更多
文摘As we know, PACT (President's Advisory Committee on Future Technology) members of the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) used to be CTOs of large companies from only a few developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan. However, Haier Group has broken the ice since it entered the IEC/PACT commission in June 2005, lifting the curtain on international standardization of our national enterprises. And now, Haier is hosting the IEC/PACT annual conference in November 2007. Could you introduce it in detail?
文摘In China,almost all name brand household electronic appliance enterprises are striving to explore the rural market. But why is that the peasants are for inferior brands?Is it because the name brand household electronic appliance enterprises have not made enough efforts,or the rural market is too particular?
文摘 On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……
文摘For a specific combustion problem involving calculations of several species at the equilibrium state, it is simpler to write a general computer program and calculate the combustion concentration. Original work describes, an adaptation of Newton-Raphson method was used for solving the highly nonlinear system of equations describing the formation of equilibrium products in reacting of fuel-additive-air mixtures. This study also shows what possible of the results. In this paper, to be present the efficient numerical algorithms for. solving the combustion problem, to be used nonlinear equations based on the iteration method and high order of the Taylor series. The modified Adomian decomposition method was applied to construct the numerical algorithms. Some numerical illustrations are given to show the efficiency of algorithms. Comparisons of results by the new Matlab routines and previous routines, the result data indicate that the new Matlab routines are reliable, typical deviations from previous results are less than 0.05%.
文摘This study assessed the effects of Prosopis juliflora invasion on livelihood diversification and evaluated the determinants of livelihood diversification in two districts in the South Afar region of Northeast Ethiopia.Using random sampling method,154 households and 2 focus groups composed of 10 individuals were selected from four sites in the two districts.The relationship between P.juliflora invasion and incomes obtained from P.juliflora varied across the study sites.In Awash Fentale District and Amibara District,11.0%and 3.2%of households,respectively,earned income from P.juliflora charcoal production.In total,14.3%of households were involved in charcoal production.In addition,19.9%of households earned income from selling P.juliflora pods and wood materials in the two districts.With the exception of income from P.juliflora charcoal production,the sex of households did not affect incomes from other livelihood activities.Moreover,household educational attainment significantly affected income obtained from vegetables,fruits,and cereal crops.Male householders were engaged in more diverse livelihood activities than female householders.Reversing the severe invasion of P.juliflora on grazing and woodlands in the region is advisable through integrated natural resources,pastoralist participation,and multidisciplinary research strategies.
文摘Research on social aspects of energy and those applying machine learning(ML)is limited compared to the‘hard’disciplines such as science and engineering.We aim to contribute to this niche through this multidisciplinary study integrating energy,social science and ML.Specifically,we aim:(i)to compare the applicability of different ML models in household(HH)energy;and(ii)to explain people’s perception of HH energy using the most appropriate model.We carried out cross-sectional survey of 323 HHs in a developing country(Nepal)and extracted 14 predictor variables and one response variable.We tested the performance of seven ML models:K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Extra Trees Classifier(ETC),Random Forest(RF),Ridge Classifier(RC),Multinomial Regression–Logit(MR-L)and Probit(MR-P)in classifying people’s responses.The models were evaluated against six metrics(confusion matrix,precision,f1 score,recall,balanced accuracy and overall accuracy).In this study,ETC outperformed all other models demonstrating a balanced accuracy of 0.79,0.95 and 0.68 respectively for the Agree,Neutral and Disagree response categories.Results showed that,compared to conventional statistical models,data driven ML models are better in classifying people’s perceptions.It was seen that the majority of the surveyed people from rural(68%)and semi-urban areas(67%)tend to resist energy changes due to economic constraints and lack of awareness.Interestingly,most(73%)of the urban residents are open to changes,but still resort to fuel-stacking because of distrust in the state.These grass-root level responses have strong policy implications.
