Can the Ucides cordatus Fishing and the Crassostrea gasar Creation on the Amazon Coast Make up the Curriculum of Rural Schools

The fishing and ostreiculture activities practiced in the coast of the Eastern Amazon in the state of Pará,Brazil,became important to be inserted in ru­ral education.Thus,this literature review aimed to realize a brief theoretical discussion about the important aspects of rural education in promoting the development of fishing and osteiculture.For the accomplishment of the literary research it was sought to explain the definition in education;rural education and valorization of the rural environment;environmental educa­tion as a transversal theme;fishing and aquaculture as a teaching strategy;considerations of fishing and ostreiculture;challenges and perspectives of the teaching of fishing and aquaculture in education;and booklet as a peda­gogical tool in education.In conclusion,the use of fishing and ostreiculture as a strategy for rural schools through environmental education is important to foster fishing activity in communities,as well as the sustainable use of natural resources.

Changes in fish resources 5 years after implementation of the 10-year fishing ban in the Chishui River,the first river with a complete fishing ban in the Yangtze River Basin

Background To rehabilitate the depleted fish resources of the Yangtze River Basin,China,a 10-year fishing ban has been implemented.This national initiative has attracted worldwide attention.The present study aimed to explore the ecological process and recovery effectiveness of this complete fishing ban in the Chishui River,the first river where the fishing ban was enacted in the Yangtze River Basin.Changes in fish resources were analyzed based on investigations conducted 5 years before(2012–2016)and 5 years after(2017–2021)the implementation of the fish-ing ban in four reaches along the longitudinal gradient.Results A total of 140 fish species,including 127 native and 13 exotic species,were collected during the study period.The number of fish species as well as the diversity indices showed no significant temporal changes.However,11 native species that had disappeared for many years appeared again after the fishing ban.The occurrence rates of some key protected species,Procypris rabaudi,Acipenser dabryanus,Euchiloglanis davidi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus,increased after the fishing ban,while Coreius guichenoti,Percocypris pingi,Onychostoma angustistomata and Leptobotia rubrilabris showed no obvious recovery.The fish assemblage structure in nearly all reaches(except the headwater)showed significant temporal changes with an increase in the relative abundance of larger body-sized species.The population structure of most dominant species improved greatly with the mean standard length and the mean body weight as well as the proportion of larger-sized individuals clearly increasing.In addition,the density of fishes changed dramatically with the catch per unit effort(CPUE)increasing by 140–210%for different study reaches.Conclusions The present study confirmed that the complete fishing closure is an effective measure to facilitate fish resources recovery.These results provide valuable references for evaluating the effectiveness of the 10-year fishing ban policy in the entire Yangtze River.