OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE FLEXI-BLE LINK MANIPULATOR WITH CONTROLLABLE LOCAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Although flexible manipulators own many potential advantages, one of their major disadvantages is the deterioration of the end-effector accuracy due to the flexibility. Therefore, how to reduce vibration is a significant problem. Inspired by the observation on the motion behaviors of animals, a new idea of decreasing motion deflection of the flexible manipulator is suggested. The concept of controllable local degrees of freedom is proposed and analyzed. By way of optimizing local motion provided by the controllable local degrees of freedom, the end-effector deflection of the flexible manipulator can be effectively decreased through dynamic coupling. The corresponding optimal method for vibration control of the flexible manipulator is put forward. The kinematic simulation is carried ant on a three-link flexible manipulator The corresponding results verify the feasibility of this method.

Synchronous tracking control of 6-DOF hydraulic parallel manipulator using cascade control method

The synchronous tracking control problem of a hydraulic parallel manipulator with six degrees of freedom (DOF) is complicated since the inclusion of hydraulic elements increases the order of the system.To solve this problem,cascade control method with an inner/outer-loop control structure is used,which masks the hydraulic dynamics with the inner-loop so that the designed controller takes into account of both the mechanical dynamics and the hydraulic dynamics of the manipulator.Furthermore,a cross-coupling control approach is introduced to the synchronous tracking control of the manipulator.The position synchronization error is developed by considering motion synchronization between each actuator joint and its adjacent ones based on the synchronous goal.Then,with the feedback of both position error and synchronization error,the tracking is proven to guarantee that both the position errors and synchronization errors asymptotically converge to zero.Moreover,the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the experimental results performed with a 6-DOF hydraulic parallel manipulator.

Flexible Bio-tensegrity Manipulator with Multi-degree of Freedom and Variable Structure

Conventional manipulators with rigid structures and sti ness actuators have poor flexibility,limited obstacle avoidance capability,and constrained workspace.Some developed flexible or soft manipulators in recent years have the characteristics of infinite degrees of freedom,high flexibility,environmental adaptability,and extended manipulation capability.However,these existing manipulators still cannot achieve the shrinking motion and independent control of specified segments like the animals,which hinders their applications.In this paper,a flexible bio-tensegrity manipulator,inspired by the longitudinal and transversal muscles of octopus tentacles,was proposed to mimic the shrinking behavior and achieve the variable motion patterns of each segment.Such proposed manipulator uses the elastic spring as the backbone,which is driven by four cables and has one variable structure mechanism in each segment to achieve the independent control of each segment.The variable structure mechanism innovatively contains seven lock-release states to independently control the bending and shrinking motion of each segment.After the kinematic modeling and analysis,one prototype of such bionic flexible manipulator was built and the open-loop control method was proposed.Some proof-of-concept experiments,including the shrinking motion,bending motion,and variable structure motion,were carried out by controlling the length of four cables and changing the lock-release states of the variable structure mechanism,which validate the feasibility and validity of our proposed prototype.Meanwhile,the experimental results show the flexible manipulator can accomplish the bending and shrinking motion with the relative error less than 6.8%through the simple independent control of each segment using the variable structure mechanism.This proposed manipulator has the features of controllable degree-of-freedom in each segment,which extend their environmental adaptability,and manipulation capability.

Vibration Reduction of Open-chain Flexible Manipulators by Optimizing Independent Motions of Branch Links

In order to suppress vibration in flexible manipulators, a new type of manipulator mechanism with controllable local degrees of freedom is proposed. This mechanism consists of a main chain and some branch links. The main chain is of a flexible open-chain configuration with an end-effector installed at its tip, and the rigid branch links are able to perform active movements. It is proved by kinematics and dynamic analysis that, the branch links bear no direct kinematic relation to the main chain, but their independent motions can strongly affect the dynamic behavior and performance of the flexible manipulator. Then comes a new idea of suppressing vibration, in which independent motions of the branch links are used to suppress the undesired vibration of the flexible main chain through dynamic coupling. On this basis, an optimal method for reducing vibration of flexible manipulators is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical simulations.

Trajectory Optimization for 7-Dofs Space Manipulator

The space manipulator is always designed to have 7 degrees of freedom（Dofs）with the consideration of energy limitation,as well as the flexible moving possibility.Therefore,how to plan the trajectory is important to improve the performance of the manipulator.In this paper,the speed of the end effector is configured as a projecting parameter,when a constant acceleration is applied to adjust the velocity.To implement this trajectory planning strategy,an optimization algorithm through the pseudo inverse of Jacobin matrix is designed,which adjusts the weight functions of joints.According to the functional theory,this algorithm is analyzed and the optimal solution is found in numerous sets of planning.A MATLAB simulation platform is established and the results verity the effectiveness of the algorithm.

球面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机器人静力学全解

以球面2-DOF冗余驱动并联机器人为研究对象,在考虑构件弹性的情况下,采用传统的拆杆法建立机构的静力学平衡方程,利用积分法求出各杆件变形,再运用小变形叠加原理建立机构的变形补充协调方程,共得到42个方程,但该机构为冗余机构,共有43个未知数,为此采用输入力优化方法,得到该机构静力学全解。通过数值算例,绘制输出轴在外载荷作用下沿给定轨迹的受力图。研究为该机构在工程中的结构设计与应用提供了静力学理论基础。

基于Profibus-DP的液体灌装-装箱一体机设计

采用PLC技术、变频、伺服技术、Profibus现场总线控制技术,将S7-200CPU通过EM277Proibus-DP从站模块连入Proibus-DP网,建立S7-300与S7-200之间通信的方法,设计了集输送、灌装、加盖、装箱四合一体的液体灌装-装箱一体机,详细介绍了该系统的方案设计,硬件配置和程序设计;试验证实,该系统可靠性高、安全性好;在传送模块使用PLC控制变频器不仅能平稳启停电机,安全可靠输送玻璃瓶,同时能大大降低系统能耗;在装箱过程中使用伺服电机控制三自由度机械手,可实现精确的多位置控制;同时该系统具有很强的扩展性和灵活性,可以在空瓶传送过程中再加装空瓶清洗模块,次瓶剔除装置等,同时可与六自由度机械人结合,组成新的灌装生产线;该系统可应用于各种液体产品的包装生产线中。

基于神经网络的7-DOF机械臂时间收敛性研究

为解决7自由度(DOF)机械臂在利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络自适应控制克服外界扰动时出现追踪慢的问题,提出了具有时变约束状态的神经网络自适应控制方案,给出了机械臂动力学方程,由神经网络训练求出权重;设计控制律,建立李雅普诺夫函数方程和不对称项推导其收敛性;利用Simulink仿真,针对时间收敛性分析了角位移、角速度、力矩以及扰动拟合;设计范围参数,以遗传算法(GA)优化。系统仿真结果表明,在保证控制精度的条件下,时间收敛性明显增快。

Impact vibration reduction for flexible manipulators via controllable local degrees of freedom

When performing operation tasks, the interaction between a flexible manipulator and a grasped object usually results in an impact. In this paper, a new way is suggested to alleviate impact vibration of a flexible manipulator via its structural characteristic when capturing a moving object. Controllable local degrees of freedom are introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective tool to combat impact vibration through dynamic coupling. A corresponding method is put forward to reduce impact vibration responses of the flexible manip- ulator via the controllable local degrees of freedom. By planning motion of the controllable local degrees of freedom, appropriate control force can be constructed to increase the modal damping and stiffness and eliminate the exciting force simultaneously, thereby reducing impact vibration responses of the flexible manipulator. Simulations are conducted and results are shown to prove the presented method.

Kinematic Research on Hinged Synchronous Universal Joint Applied for Snake-like Manipulator

The structure and motion principle of a hinged synchronous universal joint (HSUJ) is introduced, also whose kinematics is theoretically analyzed. As a result, a few kinematic characters of the HSUJ are obtained,which establish the foundation of its application for snake-like manipulator. Making use of the HSUJ ss actuating mechauism, the developed snake-like manipulator has the merits of small curve radius, fewer actuator, and small volume etc.

基于六自由度机械臂的带电作业机械手模型设计研究

为满足高危环境下带电机器人的作业需求,避免机械臂在运动过程中出现抖动、失控等不良现象,提出基于六自由度机械臂的带电作业机械手模型。首先基于机械臂关节参数构建动力学模型,然后引入混合多项式插值法和粒子群算法对机械臂轨迹规划问题进行分析。实验结果表明,在粒子群优化算法下,机械臂4个关节的运行总时间分别为3.48、3.57、4.58和3.84 s,总运行时间最少缩短了10 s。在约束条件下,机械臂各关节始终处于安全范围内,不存在关节力矩大幅振荡情况。实验结果证实该带电作业机械手模型具有较好的应用效果。

基于ANSYS的工业机械臂结构分析与拓扑优化设计

机械臂的刚度和固有频率对其可靠性有重要影响,需对其进行深入研究。文章对某型六自由度工业机械臂进行建模设计,在ANSYS软件采用有限元分析方法对机械臂在力矩最大的工况下进行静态结构分析和模态分析,验证其刚度和固有频率是否符合要求。进一步采用拓扑优化方法对大臂进行优化,然后对大臂进行模型重构,导入到整个机械臂中进行结构分析与模态分析,比较优化前后机械臂的性能差异,验证了改良后机械臂的可靠性,实现轻量化目标,为后续生产提供参考依据。

煤巷掘进工作面支护机器人的设计

目前煤矿巷道掘进支护过程中存在支护效率低、支护劳动强度大、安全风险系数高等问题,这些问题将影响巷道的支护和掘进速度,最终影响煤矿的开采效率。设计了七自由度掘进工作面液压支护机器人,该机器人与传统机器人不同,其大臂具有伸缩功能,各个关节均采用液压驱动,通过伸缩大臂到达不同的工作区域,而且该支护机器人可以安装在掘进工作面的支护平台上进行巷道支护。根据工况,计算各关节所需要的力矩,并对液压支护机器人进行运动学分析;为实现巷道的安全高效智能支护、掘进,提出了一种以机器人代替矿工的掘进支护施工新方案。

多自由度机械臂关节角度自动控制方法设计研究

为解决目前机械臂运动轨迹控制与精度补偿中的问题,提出了一种多自由度机械臂关节角度自动控制方案.在对多自由度机械臂的连杆和关节部位的运动过程进行动力学分析的基础上,结合梯度下降法和人工神经系统,提出了能够实现对机械手臂连接部分和控制部分自动控制的策略,建立了针对多自由度的机械臂关节的角度控制模型.实验证明,所提出的控制策略能够很好地控制机械臂关节角度,并且能够很好地跟踪机械臂运动轨迹,有效提高了机械臂抓取精度,抓取精度达到了96%.

微创外科多自由度柔性超声手术刀研究进展

超声手术刀作为一种广泛应用的高效精准的能量器械,具有同时切割止血、较小热损伤、几乎无烟雾、自净能力强等优势,但是由于现有超声手术刀结构的约束,其运动自由度少,限制了其应用在机器人操作中的灵活性。经过科研人员在结构方面的不断优化和改进,在原有刚性超声手术刀的基础上,加入柔性结构,衍生出更加灵活的多自由度柔性超声手术刀。本文综述了刚性超声手术刀的发展以及柔性超声手术刀现有的设计方案,对于刚性超声刀的研究主要集中在结构的轻便以及工作性能的提高,对于柔性超声刀的设计分为将微型化的超声换能器放置在手柄端和放置在执行末端两类,分别分析这2种设计方案的具体结构,并讨论其优势和局限性。最后,对微创外科多自由度柔性超声刀未来的发展趋势提出展望。

复杂结构光场的多自由度协同调控技术研究进展

对光场各自由度的单一或协同调控获得的结构光场由于具有新颖的物理性质,展现了重要的研究意义和应用价值。例如,轨道角动量作为一种全新的调控自由度直接影响光场相位与空间分布,常通过单独作用或共同作用构造高维空间,调控生成的涡旋光场及矢量光场已广泛应用于超大容量光通信、遥感探测、量子通信等领域。在此基础上,针对日益发展的前沿应用需求,引入新的光场调控自由度与传统自由度结合,进一步拓展高维和多维的结构光场研究成为了亟待解决的问题。本文首先从双自由度调控技术出发,以矢量涡旋光场为重点介绍了两种典型内癝自由度的耦合以及作用方式;在此基础上,结合本课题组的相关工作,系统综述了超越传统自由度并打破双自由度数目限制的复杂结构光场调控技术。

液压驱动型六轴机械臂运动学研究

针对煤矿工作环境的复杂性和不确定性,提出一种新型6自由度液压驱动串联机械臂,使其具备结构轻量化、控制精准化、操作简易化等特点。首先,以6自由度串联机械臂为研究对象,建立其运动学模型,推导运动学正、逆解;其次,利用极值理论和蒙特卡洛算法求解末端夹爪的工作空间,证明所设计的串联机械臂有效性;最后,选取机械臂运行的典型轨迹,使用不同的插值策略对机械臂运行的角度、角速度和角加速度进行对比分析。结果表明:6自由度液压驱动机械臂末端夹爪在五次多项式插值策略下运行平稳且连续,没有出现突变现象,可减小整机运行的柔性冲击,提升整机的使用寿命。

平粮机械臂设计及运动学分析

针对传统人工平粮作业方式费时费力、存在安全隐患等问题,面向现有履带式、桁架式平粮装备及方法作业空间大、效率低、能耗高等缺点,设计一款七自由度的机械臂以实现高大平房仓内粮面的自动平整。机械臂各个关节主要由数字液压缸驱动,选择MCU对各个关节数字液压缸进行控制,同时建立该机械臂的标准D-H参数表,通过MATLAB Robotics Toolbox建立机械臂三维仿真模型,采用几何法和基于物体雅可比的Newton-Raphson算法对其机械臂进行逆运动学求解,并通过蒙特卡洛法对工作空间进行仿真分析,利用五次多项式插值和T型插值对其运动轨迹进行仿真,利用RRT*算法进行避障路径规划。结果表明:该机械臂工作空间可覆盖平房仓内待平粮位置,运动轨迹平稳可靠,满足所需工作要求,T型插值法可以使机械臂运动轨迹在4~6 s之间,关节加速度降低至0 rad/s,RRT*算法可使机械臂精确避开高度在4~8 m范围内无需作业的粮堆。可为高大平房仓伸入式平粮装备研制和智能控制平台搭建提供基础支撑。

2P6R拼装机械臂的运动学分析

目前隧道管片修复加固工作自动化程度低,存在施工安全隐患大、效率低、成本高、工人劳动强度大等问题.为实现隧道管片加固钢板的自动化拼装,首先,提出一种2P6R拼装机械臂方案,建立机械臂正运动学模型.其次,采用解析法对机械臂进行逆向运动学求解,以限制关节超限作为代价函数进行冗余解的选取,并在Beckhoff C6030-0080的TwinCAT 3平台进行逆运动学求解测试,验证算法具有较好的实时性.再次,利用微分变换法求得机械臂的雅可比矩阵,识别并列举边界奇异及内部奇异位形示例.最后,利用图解法绘制出机械臂可达工作空间截面及完整的三维可达工作空间,并进一步对机械臂进行灵活度分析,绘制出灵活度分布图.研究结果表明:2P6R拼装机械臂可以满足隧道管片加固钢板自动化拼装需求,为机械臂的应用提供理论基础.

果园绿篱修剪机械手的设计与研究

为了解决果园绿篱修剪工具自动化程度低、修剪作业劳动强度大、工作效率低等问题,根据果园绿篱修剪作业要求,设计了一款实用的由液压驱动的四自由度修剪机械手,并确定了机械手各关节的运动范围。首先,基于标准的D-H参数法建立了机械手各连杆的坐标系,对机械手的正、逆运动学进行了求解;然后,利用MATLAB Robotics Toolbox建立了机械手运动学模型,对机械手正、逆运动学,机械手修剪绿篱顶面、侧面时各关节的运动轨迹,机械手各关节的角位移、角速度和角加速度曲线进行了仿真验证;之后,采用Monte Carlo法对机械手的工作空间进行了仿真分析,得到了机械手工作空间三维云图及平面云图;最后,试制实物样机进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:机械手正、逆运动学求解正确,所设计的机械手末端执行器完全能够到达所需修剪的目标位置。修剪机样机实验效果与预期相符,机械手工作时各关节运行平稳、修剪效率高、效果良好,能够满足对中、高绿篱自动修剪的要求,大大降低了修剪作业的劳动强度。