Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Diseases Based on Sixty JiaZi and Eight Palaces <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (V)

Theory of Sixty JiaZi (60 甲子) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten lucky avoids disaster” (顺势而为, 趋吉避凶). Sixty JiaZi is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human body is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine: Example of SARS and COVID-19: Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Hucng Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi s Intermnal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17^th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582-1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21^st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School ofHeat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003-2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

Epidemic Diseases and Chinese Medicine:Example of SARS and COVID‑19:Part Two

Along with the legends about epidemic demons,China has developed over the centuries a medical approach to epidemic diseases based on the teachings of Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi’s Internal Classic),Nan Jing(《难经》Classic of Difficult Issues),and Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage).Other doctors and scientists participated in this evolution of knowledge,like Wang Shuhe(王叔和),Ge Hong(葛洪),Chao Yuanfang(巢元方),Sun Simiao(孙思邈),and Liu Wansu(刘完素).However,it was in the 17th century,after the great break of the Song,Jin,and Yuan eras that an innovative spirit,Wu Youke(吴又可1582–1652)first foresaw the existence of microorganisms as we know them now.His Wen Yi Lun(《瘟疫论》Treatise on Pestilence)foreshadows an original approach to epidemic diseases,particularly emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century.After them,traditional Chinese medicine developed a comprehensive method of diagnosing and treating of these diseases(Epidemic Diseases Theory瘟疫学说)within the School of Heat Diseases(温病学派).In a third article,we will examine some applications in the treatment of the SARS 2003–2004 epidemic(非典型肺炎)and the current COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)pandemic.

Correlation Analysis for the Attack of Bacillary Dysentery and Meteorological Factors Based on the Chinese Medicine Theory of Yunqi and the Medical-Meteorological Forecast Model

Objective： To explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention. Methods： Based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the descriptive statistics, single-factor correlation analysis and back-propagation artificial neural net-work were conducted using data on five basic meteorological factors and data on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China, for the period 1970-2004. Results： The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed significant positive correlation relationship with the precipitation, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and temperature, respectively. The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a negatively correlated relationship with the wind speed and the change trend of average wind speed. The results of medical-meteorological forecast model showed a relatively high accuracy rate. Conclusions： There is a close relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, but the contributions of which to the onset of bacillary dysentery are different to each other.

以医史佐助为载体构建中医基础理论课程思政教学的研究

中医基础理论课程是中医学理论体系的入门课程,习近平总书记强调要把思政课程融入人才教育培养体系,紧抓高校课程思政建设,提高高校人才培养质量,要在课程教学中注重加强医德医风教育,那么如何有效发掘中医基础理论课程中的思政元素并将其融入课程,起到润物无声的教育效果是当务之急。文章以“医史佐助”为载体,将中医医史文化、经典名医名家事迹等融入中医基础理论课程是一条有效途径。

New Understanding of the Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) plays an important role in the medical system used in health care and treatment of diseases.This article reviews the basic theory of TCM based on its formation and contributions.Two new personal points are proposed as follows:Six Zang(六脏) theory and deemphasization of the five-element theory.The basic theory of Chinese herbs is also discussed.

基于“有故无殒”理论的健康与慢性心力衰竭状态下附子对小鼠心脏不同作用的实验研究

目的基于中医经典“有故无殒”理论,探讨附子水煎液对健康小鼠及慢性心力衰竭小鼠心脏的不同作用。方法将SPF级别8周龄C57BL/6J品系雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(Ctrl)、附子组(FZH)、多柔比星组(Dox)、多柔比星加附子组(Dox+FZH)。分别给予Dox小鼠和Dox+FZH小鼠每3天腹腔注射5 mg/kg多柔比星,Ctrl与FZH给予等体积氯化钠溶液(9 g/L)腹腔注射,实验开始第1天给予Dox、Dox+FZH小鼠5 mg/kg多柔比星腹腔注射后,分别给FZH与Dox+FZH小鼠每日2 g/kg附子灌胃,Ctrl与Dox小鼠分别使用等体积氯化钠溶液(9 g/L)灌胃,造模周期共4周。观察小鼠的一般情况,对小鼠生存率、心质量、体质量、心质量比、心胫比及心超指标等进行统计,分析小鼠心脏组织及血清中脑利尿钠肽(BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)的含量,并检测心脏组织中凋亡相关蛋白的表达情况,观察小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积大小,评估附子对健康和慢性心力衰竭状态下小鼠心肌损伤的影响。结果(1)健康状态下,Ctrl和FZH小鼠被毛毛色光亮,形体匀称,四肢活动正常且Ctrl和FZH小鼠均未见死亡;与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠的心质量、心质量比、心胫比、左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、心率、收缩期左室后壁厚度均降低(P<0.05),左室舒张末期内径升高(P<0.05);与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠活化后的半胱氨酸蛋白3(Cleaved-Caspase3)表达升高(P<0.05),B-细胞淋巴瘤因子2蛋白/Bcl2关联X蛋白(Bcl2/Bax)比值降低(P<0.05);血清中BNP和cTnⅠ的含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积相应缩小(P<0.05)。与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠心房利尿钠肽(ANP)基因表达升高(P<0.05)。(2)慢性心力衰竭状态下,Dox小鼠毛色晦暗,形体消瘦,活动迟缓,进食量减少,而Dox+FZH小鼠活动能力和进食情况均较Dox有所改善;Dox共计死亡6只,Dox+FZH小鼠死亡3只,附子可以改善病理状态小鼠生存率但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠心率降低(P<0.05),左室射血分数轻度上升但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠Bcl2/Bax比值明显升高(P<0.05),Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达降低但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清中BNP和cTnⅠ的含量减少(P<0.05);小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积增大(P<0.05)。与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠ANP基因表达变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论附子对健康状态下的小鼠心脏产生毒性作用,对慢性心力衰竭状态下的小鼠具有一定治疗作用。

基于认知负荷理论的中外学生麻醉学情境模拟教学设计

随着共建“一带一路”国家的学生来华接受医学教育的人数与日俱增,中外医学生同堂接受医学实践培训的现象也逐步增多。目前,中外学生在培养目标、人文社会背景、语言表达逻辑等诸多方面的差异导致了实践教学效果不佳以及学生满意度不高。近年来,以认知负荷理论为框架的课堂授课模式在医学教育领域的应用中取得了良好的教学效果。笔者将该理论应用于中外学生混合麻醉学情境模拟带教中,为优化和完善我国医学留学生课堂教学模式提供有力参考。

瑶医“神路”理论内涵探析

瑶医“神路”理论是瑶医药理论体系中重要的核心内容之一,其学术意义及临床运用十分丰富。其中既包含了瑶族瑶医自身的人文观、自然观、生命观和医学观,又与中医“天人合一”的整体观以及道医“气生万物”的气化观有着千丝万缕的联系。需结合瑶医、中医、道医三者的理论思想来诠释“神路”的具体内涵。文章通过对瑶医“神路”理论内容的实质与发展探赜索隐,追本溯源,展望其能用于促进瑶医药的理论和临床实践。

吴门医派络病理论干预治疗PCI术后气虚血瘀证的临床治疗效果

目的观察吴门医派络病理论干预治疗PCI术后气虚血瘀证的疗效。方法采用随机对照研究方法,共纳入南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院2018年1月—2022年1月就诊的PCI术后气虚血瘀证患者70例,实际纳入对照组30例,治疗组32例,脱落8例,脱落率为11.43%。对照组给予西医常规治疗,治疗组给予加味生脉散配伍活血化瘀药干预治疗结合西医常规治疗。观察治疗前和治疗3个月后中医证候改善率、生活质量评估情况、超敏C反应蛋白、血清N末端B型利钠肽原(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)水平的变化差异情况。结果治疗3个月后,治疗组中医症候改善率为84.38%,对照组为53.33%,治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后,治疗组的活动受限程度、心绞痛发作频率、心绞痛稳定状态、疾病认识程度、治疗满意程度等均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后30 d治疗组hs-CRP[(5.17±4.13)ng/L]及NT-proBNP[(860.70±329.60)pg/mL]均低于对照组[(13.60±5.65)ng/L,(1402.40±401.66)pg/mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吴门医派络病理论指导下加味生脉散配伍活血化瘀结合西医常规治疗,能更有效改善PCI术后气虚血虚证患者的生活质量,降低术后心血管不良事件发生。

面向中医古籍的隐式关系抽取方法研究

自然语言种类丰富、形式灵活多变的特征使得隐式关系抽取成为目前关系抽取领域中富有难度和挑战性的任务之一。通过引入构式语法理论和依存句法分析两种认知语言学范畴的理论技术,构建了一种面向中医古籍中隐式关系的抽取方法。首先利用构式语法理论制定文本构式化策略、分析并定义出8种构式特征与5种构式类型,并使用CART(classification and regression tree,CART)分类模型完成文本分类;其次对其中4类构式使用依存句法分析技术构建句法树,通过分析句法树中的特定结构,制定医学类实体间的关系三元组抽取规则,实现隐式关系抽取;最后在经典中医古籍《黄帝内经》数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明了方法的有效性。

中医各家学说思政元素挖掘角度小议

中医经典学说盛行的当代,流派的传承与创新均体现出医学家的钻研精神、质疑精神、实践性精神,参照历代医家临床实践、时代理解、改革创新的综合发展理念,可以将其称为工匠精神的重要载体。作为学说汇总集大成的中医各家学说,在思政元素方面尚未被完全挖掘,实属遗憾。故此文从政治认同、文化自信、工匠精神、多元化思政建设方式方面进行探讨,挖掘思政元素,以求为后续思政课程建设提供良好的背书载体。

补肺益肾法论治肺胀并附验案2则

肺胀是多种肺系疾病日久不愈、反复发作致肺气胀满的一种病证,其主要发病部位在肺、脾、肾,主要病机为肺肾功能衰退。补肺益肾法治疗肺胀能很好地缓解患者症状、稳定病情、提高效果。文章从中医角度论述肺胀的病因病机,浅析补肺益肾法的作用原理,结合临床病例进一步探究其效果并总结其治疗及用药规律,为临床治疗肺胀提供理论及用药依据,以求缓解不适,提高患者生活质量。

基于玄府理论探讨健脾开玄解毒汤联合中药药浴治疗斑块状银屑病临床观察

目的基于玄府理论探讨健脾开玄解毒汤联合中药药浴治疗斑块状银屑病临床观察。方法选择医院治疗的斑块型银屑病患者68例。根据随机数字表法随机分为对照组与治疗组各34例。对照组给予窄谱中波紫外线光疗联合甲氨蝶呤片口服治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予健脾开玄解毒汤联合中药药浴治疗。观察两组治疗前后的临床疗效,PASI评分、皮损面积评分、皮损严重程度(红斑、浸润、鳞屑)评分,血清白细胞介素-1家族细胞因子促炎因子(IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-18、IL-33)表达水平,斑块型银屑病病变组织K17表达水平及复发率。结果治疗组治疗后总有效率为90.91%(30/33)显著高于对照组72.73%(24/33)(P<0.05);治疗后两组皮损严重程度评分,PASI评分,皮损面积评分,血清IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-18、IL-33水平,斑块型银屑病病变组织K17表达水平均较治疗前降低,且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后随访3个月,治疗组复发率为3.03%(1/33)显著低于对照组18.18%(6/33)(P<0.05)。结论健脾开玄解毒汤联合中药药浴治疗斑块状银屑病临床疗效显著,复发率低。

基于中医正护法理论的药膳调护联合雷火灸治疗脑卒中后疲劳的疗效研究

目的探讨基于中医正护法理论的药膳调护联合雷火灸治疗脑卒中后疲劳的临床疗效。方法63例脑卒中后疲劳患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(31例)和观察组(32例)。对照组给予常规康复干预措施,观察组在对照组基础上增加基于中医正护法理论的药膳调护联合雷火灸治疗。比较两组患者疲劳严重程度量表(FSS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表(FMA)、日常生活活动能力指数(MBI)评分。结果治疗前,两组FSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FSS评分均低于治疗前,且观察组FSS评分(4.78±0.56)分低于对照组的(5.53±0.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组FMA评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FMA评分均高于治疗前,且观察组FMA评分(93.43±2.63)分高于对照组的(91.87±2.98)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组MBI评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组MBI评分均高于治疗前,且观察组MBI评分(91.21±5.43)分高于对照组的(86.57±5.01)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于中医正护法理论的药膳调护联合雷火灸对改善脑卒中后疲劳患者的疲劳症状及运动功能效果显著,从而提高患者的生活自理能力,值得临床推广应用。

体用理论及整体观对中晚期肝癌“带瘤生存”的实践指导

近年来,肝癌的发病率及死亡率仍居高不下,且大多患者确诊已属中晚期,无法根治。对于中晚期肝癌患者的治疗,中医学提出了“带瘤生存”的理念,旨在提高其生命质量及延长中晚期肝癌患者的生存期。最大限度地保存并维持肺脾肾三脏气化活动是肝癌患者带瘤生存的根本。现主要从中医“体用理论”和“整体观”认识肝癌发生发展及治疗,“体用理论”及“整体观”在不同分期及肝癌现代医学治疗手段中的结合应用,以及“体用理论”及“整体观”指导下肝癌常见合并病症的治疗,阐述如何在中西医结合治疗条件下更好实现中晚期肝癌患者“带瘤生存”。