A study on the cognitive status of human papillomavirus among adult males in Tianjin based on the health belief model

Background:To understand the health beliefs and knowledge of human papillomavirus among adult males in Tianjin.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted from 18 January 2023 to 6 March 2023 using snowball sampling method.Analyze the health belief scores and human papillomavirus(HPV)and HPV vaccine knowledge scores of adult males in Tianjin,and analyze their influencing factors.Results:A total of 388 adult males in Tianjin were surveyed,with an average total score of 3.23±0.04 for their health beliefs.Among them,the average scores for perceived severity,perceived susceptibility,perceived impairment,perceived benefit,and self-efficacy were 3.41±1.05,2.37±1.20,2.96±1.00,3.51±0.90,and 3.36±1.08,respectively.Multiple linear regression analyses showed education was a factor influencing health beliefs.The average total score of knowledge is 64.09±15.62,with 277 people scoring above 60,and a pass rate of 71.4%.Through multiple linear regression analysis,education level,emotional status,whether disease testing has been done,and whether family and friends have been diagnosed with HPV positive are the main influencing factors.Conclusion:The awareness rate of HPV among adult males in Tianjin is still acceptable,but there are still misconceptions.The overall level of health beliefs is moderate,and the perceived susceptibility level is low.It is necessary to strengthen health education on HPV related knowledge for males and improve their cognitive level.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence——On Human-Computer Competition from the Five-Level Theory of Cognitive Science

It is generally accepted that the human mind and cognition can be viewed at five levels; nerves, psychology, language, thinking and culture. Artificial intelligence(AI) simulates human intelligence at all five levels of human cognition, however, AI has yet to outperform human intelligence, although it is making progress. Presently artificial intelligence lags far behind human intelligence in higher-order cognition, namely, the cognitive levels of language, thinking and culture. In fact, artificial intelligence and human intelligence fall into very different intelligence categories. Machine learning is no more than a simulation of human cognitive ability and therefore should not be overestimated. There is no need for us to feel scared even panic about it. Put forward by John R. Searle, the"Chinese Room"argument, a famous AI model and standard, is not yet out of date. According to this argument, a digital computer will never acquire human intelligence. Given that, no artificial intelligence will outperform human intelligence in the foreseeable future.

Surpassing the Limits to Human Cognition?On the Level of Detail in the Norwegian Building Design Guides

The SINTEF Building Research Design Guides are a series of Norwegian building technical recommendations.The design guides are highly reputed and widely used in the Norwegian construction sector,serving as a link between the technical regulations and the design process of the individual construction project.This paper examines the element of risk in the use of multiple design guides to extract information about a topic not explicitly covered by any single guide,using the example of blue-green roofs.The research has been conducted in the form of a document study.While the advice given in the design guides is both valid and coherent,the amount of information presented is likely to be overwhelming for industry professionals.There are great degrees of awareness of quality risk present in the individual design guides,but an overall risk picture is not presented.Input from the fields of project management and psychology can help develop risk awareness strategies.The design guides may benefit from an aggregate level of information,where main technical challenges are grouped into super-level categories.

APPLICATION OF HUMAN COGNITIVE MODEL FOR TIME DEPENDENT OPERATOR BEHAVIOR IN CHINESE NPP

This paper discusses some issues on human reliability model of time dependent human behavior. Some results of the crew reliability experiment on Tsinghua training simulator in China are given, Meanwhile, a case of calculation for human error probability during anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) based on the data drew from the recent experiment is offered.

Breath-based meditation: A mechanism to restore the physiological and cognitive reserves for optimal human performance

Stress can be associated with many physiologicalchanges resulting in significant decrements in human performance.Due to growing interests in alternative and complementary medicine by Westerners,many of the traditions and holistic yogic breathing practices today are being utilized as a measure for healthier lifestyles.These state-of-the-art practices can have a significant impact on common mental health conditions such as depression and generalized anxiety disorder.However,the potential of yogic breathing on optimizing human performance and overall well-being is not well known.Breathing techniques such as alternate nostril,Sudarshan Kriya and bhastrika utilizes rhythmic breathing to guide practitioners into a deep meditative state of relaxation and promote self-awareness.Furthermore,yogic breathing is physiologically stimulating and can be described as a natural"technological"solution to optimize human performance which can be categorized into:(1)cognitive function(i.e.,mind,vigilance);and(2)physical performance(i.e.,cardiorespiratory,metabolism,exercise,whole body).Based on previous studies,we postulate that daily practice of breathing meditation techniques play a significant role in preserving the compensatory mechanisms available to sustain physiological function.This preservation of physiological function may help to offset the time associated with reaching a threshold for clinical expression of chronic state(i.e.,hypertension,depression,dementia)or acute state(i.e.,massive hemorrhage,panic attic)of medical conditions.However,additional rigorous biomedical research is needed to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of various forms of meditation(i.e.,breath-based,mantra,mindfulness)on human performance.These efforts will help to define how compensatory reserve mechanisms of cardiovascular and immune systems are modulated by breath-based meditation.While it has been suggested that breath-based meditation is easier for beginning practitioners when compared to other forms of meditation more research is needed to elucidate these observations.A breath-based meditation sequence suchas Sudarshan Kriya has the potential to help develop an individual’s self-awareness and support better integration of the brain(i.e.,mind)with other organ systems(i.e.,body)for enhanced human performance.

Empathizing with Emotional Robot Based on Cognition Reappraisal

This paper proposes a continuous cognitive emotional regulation model for robot in the case of external emotional stimulus from interactive person's expressions. It integrates a guiding cognitive reappraisal strategy into the HMM(Hidden Markov Model) emotional interactive model for empathizing between robot and person. The emotion is considered as a source in the 3D space(Arousal, Valence, and Stance). State transition and emotion intensity can be quantitatively analyzed in the continuous space. This cognition-emotion interactive model have been verified by the expression and behavior robot. Empathizing is the main distinguishing feature of our work, and it is realized by the emotional regulation which operated in a continuous 3D emotional space enabling a wide range of intermediate emotions. The experiment results provide evidence with acceptability, accuracy, richness, fluency, interestingness, friendliness and exaggeration that the robot with cognition and emotional control ability could be better accepted in the human-robot interaction(HRI).

On the trails of markers and proxies:the socio-cognitive technologies of human movement,knowledge assemblage,and their relevance to the etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Bacteria,pigs,rats,pots,plants,words,bones,stones,earrings,diseases,and genetic indicators of all varieties are markers and proxies for the complexity of interweaving trails and stories integral to understanding human movement and knowledge assemblage in Southeast Asia and around the world.Understanding human movement and knowledge assemblage is central to comprehending the genetic basis of disease,especially of a cancer like nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The problem is that the markers and trails,taken in isolation,do not all tell the same story.Human movement and knowledge assemblage are in constant interaction in an adaptive process of co-production with genes,terrain,climate,sea level changes,kinship relations,diet,materials,food and transport technologies,social and cognitive technologies,and knowledge strategies and transmission.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the outcome of an adaptive process involving physical,social,and genetic components.

Handling Uncertainty in Human Cognitive Reliability Method for Safety Assessment Based on DSET

Human Reliability Analysis(HRA)is an important part in safety assessment of a large complex system.Human Cognitive Reliability(HCR)model is a method of evaluating the probability that operators fail to complete during diagnostic decision making within a limited time,which is widely used in HRA.In the application of this method,cognitive patterns of humans are required to be considered and classified,and this process often relies on the evaluation opinions of experts which is highly subjective and uncertain.How to effectively express and process this uncertain and subjective information plays a critical role in improving the accuracy and applicability of HCR.In this paper,a new model was proposed to deal with the uncertain information which exists in the processes of cognitive pattern classification in HCR.First,an evaluation panel was constructed based on expert opinions and processing including setting corresponding anchor points and qualitative indicators of different cognitive patterns,and mapping them to fuzzy numbers and unit intervals.Second,based on the evaluation panel,different analysts judge the cognitive pattern types of actual specific events and provide the level of confidence he or she has in the judgments.Finally,the evaluation opinions of multiple analysts were expressed and fused based on the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory(DSET),and the fused results were applied to the HCR model to obtain the Human Error Probability(HEP).A case study was used to demonstrate the procedure and effectiveness of the proposed method.

A COGNITIVE AND MEMETIC SCIENCE APPROACH TO ANALYZE THE HUMAN FACTORS IN PREDICTING THE EVOLUTION OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTS IN THE 21^(sT) CENTURY

21世纪制纸技术。

改进贝叶斯网络模型在起重作业人机交互差错风险分析中的应用

为量化分析起重作业人机交互差错风险,根据安全工效学原理及安全技术规范将起重作业人、机、环相关影响因素作为根节点,按照事故致因层次关联关系确定子节点,构建起重作业人机交互差错的3层级贝叶斯网络模型(Bayesian Network, BN);基于模糊集理论,采用认知可靠性与失误分析方法(Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method, CREAM),厘定贝叶斯网络父节点失效概率以及中间节点条件概率;利用逆向推理仿真技术分析起重作业人机交互差错发生的因果链,探究起重伤害事故发生的人机交互差错风险。结果表明:起重作业人机交互差错最可能致因链为起重设备安全检查不到位→管理人员失误→人员操作失误→起重伤害事故发生;单因素失效条件下,起重作业人机交互差错风险概率呈线性增长趋势;在多因素失效条件下,一级节点因素失效概率愈大则人机交互差错效应愈显著,且呈现非线性增长态势。

团体认知行为干预对高危型HPV持续感染患者临床转归的影响

目的 探讨团体认知行为干预(cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT)对宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV)持续感染患者临床转归的影响,构建针对情绪障碍的HR-HPV持续感染患者的系统性心理干预治疗方案。方法 选取HR-HPV持续感染合并情绪障碍患者,按照随机数字表法分为干预组(n=44)和对照组(n=45):对照组给予健康宣教、随访监测,干预组在此基础上给予CBT干预,比较两组的临床转归及心理量表评分。结果 随访6月及12月,HR-HPV感染消退率干预组高于对照组;而HR-HPV持续感染率及进展率干预组低于对照组(P<0.05)。抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)及广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)评分,干预结束后即刻、随访6月及12月,干预组均低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组干预结束后即刻、随访6月及12月评分均低于干预前(P<0.05);对照组干预前后评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HR-HPV持续感染患者进行系统性心理干预治疗,有助于HR-HPV感染消退。

人机交互场景下用户知识吸收能力影响因素的组态分析

基于社会认知理论,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,探讨在人机交互场景下,平台环境和个体认知如何互动影响平台用户的知识吸收能力。研究发现:环境因素是人机互动知识共享的基础,而与个体认知因素相匹配的交互设计是提升吸收效能的关键。促进强吸收能力形成的核心条件有强联结、高信任的环境因素和强自我效能和高结果期望的认知因素;导致吸收能力弱的核心条件则是用户之间过大的知识距离和过弱的联结强度等环境因素。研究结论为知识平台提升用户知识吸收能力提供了理论依据与现实启示,为未来提升人机交互设计促进知识共享的研究提供参考借鉴。

我国档案馆与相关领域参与数字人文异步现象探源

近年来,数字人文成为图情档领域的研究热点。然而,我国档案馆与同为档案领域的我国档案学界、同为档案实践部门的国外档案馆以及同为数字人文基础设施建设机构的我国图书馆在数字人文参与方面存在着冷热不均的异步现象。我国档案学界对数字人文表现出极高的研究兴趣,国外档案馆在数字人文领域的实践进展迅速,我国图书馆在参与数字人文过程中积极作为。反观我国档案馆,无论是在理论还是实践层面,均表现出热情不高和明显滞后的现象。这种不同步现象背后的逻辑值得探究,我国档案馆与档案学界在目标与认知层面的偏差、国内外档案馆在文化与制度方面的冲突,以及我国档案馆与图书馆在体制与职能方面的差异是导致这种现象出现的主要原因。

认知物理学基础:认知自然和人类自身的奠基石

物质、能量、结构和时间是人类认知和机器认知的最基本要素,是人类智能和人工智能共同的奠基石。信息不是物质,不是能量,是在结构、时间上形成的衍生物。位于四要素之上的是思维软构体和物质硬构体,其上分别对应基于想象与推理的数学和基于观察与实证的物理,而基于数学和物理之上的是认知物理学。认知物理学的使命是用物理学的理论和方法解释人类认知及其形成过程,人工智能浓缩重演人类智能,用机器来模仿、拓展人的认知。未来,要突破图灵机局限,发展难以计算的记忆智能和具身交互智能;用云模型、数据场、拓扑势、云变换等认知物理学理论和方法,形式化人类的不确定性认知,形成认知螺旋,实现认知的自成长;研发可交互、会学习、自成长的认知机器,开辟各智其智、智人之智、智智与共的人工智能新方向。

由美而乐:人的发展视角下乡村旅游从业者审美幸福感研究

共产主义的终极目标是人的自由而全面发展,中国传统文化视域下的最高人生理想是超越功利的自然审美之境。审美,作为充实主体情感、激发生命活力和促进全面发展的感性存在,已然活跃于乡村旅游的现实情境。乡村旅游从业者若想自身抑或是使游客“观照神与美”,先需自身“似神而美”,其在审美意境中的幸福感知既表现为对日常生活审美化的肯定性感受,亦表现为理欲交融的审美愉悦。文章基于人的发展视角,依托认知神经美学与空间设计美学原理,以安徽西递、宏村为案例地,采用实地调研、扎根理论与回归分析等研究方法,探究旅游驱动下乡村旅游从业者审美诞生并向审美幸福感转变的过程和机制。研究发现:乡村旅游从业者审美表现为审美观念判断、审美体验感知与审美设计能力3个方面,且其审美诞生的关键因素是旅游情境中其内在认知方式的变化,即从一般认知模式转变为审美认知方式。乡村旅游从业者的审美幸福感主要源于空间美学设计的徽派协调性感知、元素多样性感知、徽派典型性感知和设计新颖性感知,且其审美幸福感的诞生有助于推动知、情、意相协调的人的自由而全面发展,从而检验旅游的人本价值与人的发展目标实现。

基于CREAM方法的海上风机安装人因可靠性评估

采用认知可靠性和差错分析法(Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method,CREAM)对固定式海上风机安装作业的人因可靠性进行评估,并引入结构熵权法和马尔可夫方法对传统CREAM进行改进,实现人因差错概率、平均人为差错时间等人因可靠性指标的定量计算。在充分结合现实条件的情况下,考虑海上风机安装的天气、海浪和操作水平等环境和人为因素的影响,针对固定式海上风机安装作业的要求和特点,结合作业人员可靠性评估结果,从操作素质、组织管理、环境改善等方面提出发展建议。

论龙部字考证与龙文化再阐释

龙属炎黄子孙普遍认可的文化符号、集体记忆、共同图腾,并以文字代码的形式层累凝练为中华民族共同体的文明根脉、意识底座。考诸《汉语大字典》龙部字词,探悉古人以龙为核心构建一语义鲜明、错落有致的龙族认知范畴,有力证实了龙文化起源于中国本土。有别于西方的“dragon”,龙在中华民俗信仰中以雨神、水神的灵异身份频繁出现,是东亚农耕文明发达的忠实见证。更为重要的是,褒龙爱龙之共同情感始终贯穿于中华民族的历史长河,最终演绎成一种极为稳定的“大一统”叙事结构、民族共识。要之,龙堪称铸牢中华民族共同体意识不可或缺的文化资源、精神标识,弥漫着无穷的生命活力、浩然正气。

父母受教育程度对子女人力资本发展的影响

利用2013—2014学年中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),考察父母受教育程度对青少年子女人力资本发展的影响。研究发现,父母受教育程度能够显著提升子女的认知和非认知能力;分非认知能力维度来看,父母受教育程度能够显著提升子女的开放性、外向性和宜人性得分,但对尽责性和情绪稳定性得分没有提升作用。异质性分析发现,父母受教育程度对子女人力资本发展的影响存在明显的性别、户口、年级和地区差异。机制检验的结果表明,受教育程度越高的父母对子女的物质和时间投资越多,且越倾向于采用权威型和宽容型教养方式,越不倾向于采用专制型和忽视型教养方式,即父母受教育程度通过其对子女的教育投资和教养方式两条途径影响子女人力资本发展。

非人灵长类的个性研究进展

个性的研究能够加深对群居动物个体间差异和群体的社会组织模式的了解,这使其成为非人灵长类学者关注的一个热点话题,并为社会心理学和行为生态学交叉融合发展提供新的方法与思路。本文简要总结了目前灵长类个性的分类定义、评定方法与研究内容,并详细介绍了研究进展中的突出成果:从激素变化、特定基因位点差异和环境条件3个角度解释个性形成机制;将个性在个体健康和认知中的功能应用到灵长类的饲养管理中,有效提升动物福利。为了更好地回答行为生态学理论问题,今后需进一步拓展对野生环境中非人灵长类个体的个性以及行为模式的探索,建议从性选择、社群结构以及空间动态深入研究,切实为濒危物种保护提出新的思路。

基于多尺度目标检测的人机协作装配场景认知方法

人机协作装配场景的快速理解对提高协作机器人认知能力、实现人机协作装配具有重要的现实意义。针对非结构化人机协作装配场景认知过程中目标尺度差异较大、缺少统一场景描述框架等问题,首先构建了一种轻量级多尺度目标检测网络LMS-Net,并在网络训练过程中引入目标检测框聚类机制以提高多尺度目标检测精度;然后将LMS-Net检测结果转换为人物交互图并建立了人机协作装配场景元描述模型,提出了基于多尺度目标检测的人机协作装配场景认知方法。在自建数据集HRC-Action上的实验结果表明所构建多尺度目标检测网络具有较高的准确率(平均89%)和较快的速度(深度学习工作站平均58.7 FPS,Jetson Nano B01嵌入式开发板平均25 FPS),所提人机协作装配场景认知方法具有较好的可行性和实用性。