Five-phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding

Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability.Meanwhile,fractional slot concentrated windings(FSCW)are well known because of short end winding length,simple structure,field weakening sufficiency,fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor.The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW,are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications,like electric cars,major transporting buses,high speed trains and massive trucks.But,in comparison to the general distributed windings,the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force(MMF)space harmonic contents,which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability,such as localized iron saturation and core losses.This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts,by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors(SynRels).In order to examine the proposed winding’s performances,three sample machines are designed as case studies,and analytical study and finite element analysis(FEA)is used for validation.

基于ADE优化的IPMSM全速域无传感器控制

为了实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)全速域的无传感器控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,提出了一种基于自适应差分进化(ADE)算法优化的复合控制方法。分别在零低速域、中高速域采用旋转高频电压注入法和滑模观测器法来对电机转速和转子位置进行估算,并在切换速域采用基于ADE算法的权重系数优化法来实现上述两种控制方法的平滑切换,从而实现IPMSM全速域无传感器控制。仿真结果表明:提出的复合控制方法能够实现电机全速域的无感控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,且具有良好的稳定性。

Performance Analysis and Comparison of Two Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control Methods for Five-Phase PMSM Drives

Model predictive current control(MPCC)and model predictive torque control(MPTC)are two derivatives of model predictive control.These two control methods have demonstrated their strengths in the fault-tolerant control of multiphase motor drives.To explore the inherent link,the pros and cons of two strategies,the performance analysis and comparative investigation of MPCC and MPTC are conducted through a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with open-phase fault.In MPCC,the currents of fundamental and harmonic subspaces are simultaneously employed and constrained for a combined regulation of the open-circuit fault drive.In MPTC,apart from the torque and the stator flux related to fundamental subspace,the x-y currents are also considered and predicted to achieve the control of harmonic subspace.The principles of two methods are demonstrated in detail and the link is explored in terms of the cost function.Besides,the performance by two methods is experimentally assessed in terms of steady-state,transition,and dynamic tests.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of each method are concluded.

Fault-Tolerant Operation of Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Independent Phase Driving Control

The multi-phase motor drive system with multiple H-bridge power supply has high fault tolerance,which is widely used in aerospace,electric vehicle,ship integrated power system and other fields.In this paper,a fault-tolerant control strategy based on decoupling control and stator current compensation is proposed for the propulsion system of five-phase PMSM with independent neutrals.Firstly,the mathematical model of PMSM is established by using vector space decoupling method;Secondly,a stator current compensation method is adopted to carry out fault-tolerant control after the motor has single-phase and two-phase open-circuit faults and the fault-tolerant control system based on decoupling control is established;Finally,the decoupling control model and the fault-tolerant control of stator current compensation are verified by the simulation and experiment.The simulation and experiment results show that the method can reduce the torque ripple caused by the stator winding open-circuit fault,and the operation performance of the motor under fault condition is significantly improved.

基于前馈搜索法的IPMSM最大转矩电流比控制

针对传统搜索法MTPA中存在搜索速度慢的问题,提出一种结合公式法和搜索法的前馈搜索法MTPA控制策略。为了提高系统的动态性能,该控制策略用分段函数代替复杂的d-q轴电流分配公式,得到计算直轴电流前馈量的通用式。然后,在前馈量的基础上进行在线搜索,获取最优直轴电流指令,并利用历史工作数据修正分段函数,提高前馈精度。最后,分析了前馈搜索法的搜索过程,并设置搜索阈值避免搜索法在稳态时的周期性震荡,仿真和实验结果验证了该策略的有效性。

Comparative Study on Torque Performance of Five-phase Single-Stator and Double-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

This paper compares the torque characteristics of single stator permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)and double-stator PMSM under different split-ratios,air-gap lengths and shaft diameters by finite element method.Firstly,the effects of split-ratio towards the torque characteristics of the two motor structures under different air-gap lengths are researched,the results show that the optimal split-ratios of the two motor structures do not change under different air-gap lengths,and the optimal split-ratio of the double-stator motor is greater than that of single-stator,and the torque of the double-stator motor is greater than that of single-stator motor with arbitrary split-ratio under the same air-gap length;Finally,the effects of the shaft diameter to the torque of the two motor structures are investigated,obtaining that with the increasing of shaft diameter,the electromagnetic torque of the single-stator motor is almost unchanged,however,the torque of the double-stator is gradually reduced,when the shaft diameter reached a certain extent,the electromagnetic torque of the double-stator motor is smaller than that of single-stator motor with the split ratio within a certain range,and the torque/quality ratio of the double-stator motor is smaller than that of single-stator motor with their optimal split ratio separately.

Encoderless Five-phase PMa-SynRM Drive System Based on Robust Torque-speed Estimator with Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control

In this paper,a robust torque speed estimator(RTSE)for linear parameter changing(LPC)system is proposed and designed for an encoderless five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(5-phase PMa-SynRM).This estimator is utilized for estimating the rotor speed and the load torque as well as can solve the speed sensor fault problem,as the feedback speed information is obtained directly from the virtual sensor.In addition,this technique is able to enhance the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance by estimating the load torque for the real time compensation.The stability analysis of the proposed estimator is performed via Schur complement along with Lyapunov analysis.Furthermore,for improving the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance,five super-twisting sliding mode controllers(ST-SMCs)are employed with providing a robust response without the impacts of high chattering problem.A super-twisting sliding mode speed controller(ST-SMSC)is employed for controlling the PMa-SynRM rotor speed,and four super-twisting sliding mode current controllers(ST-SMCCs)are employed for controlling the 5-phase PMa-SynRM currents.The stability analysis and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness along with feasibility of the proposed RTSE and the ST-SMSC with ST-SMCCs approach for a 750-W 5-phase PMa-SynRM under load disturbance,parameters variations,single open-phase fault,and adjacent two-phase open circuit fault conditions.

Analysis of Direct Torque Control for Marine Five-Phase Induction Motor

Based on the principle of direct torque control,a DTC(Direct Torque Control)system with five-phase induction motor has been studied.Providing direct control of stator flux and electromagnetic torque by optimized voltage vector,five-phase induction motor enhances flexibility of the invert states selection by increasing the number of voltage vectors,resulting in more precise control of stator flux and electromagnetic torque.The model of DTC for five-phase induction motor is constructed on equations and the method of approximate circle of torque track is used to conduct the simulation analysis of the system.The simulation results demonstrate that the DTC for five-phase induction motor control has merits of little calculation compared with vector control,simple structure,fast response and greater dynamic performance.

基于位置鲁棒观测器的IPMSM方波式电压注入启动运行控制

为了改善内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无位置传感器控制的低速运行性能,提出了一种基于位置鲁棒观测器的方波式电压注入启动运行控制策略。方波式电压注入法避免了滤波器的使用,提高了系统带宽。在方波注入法的基础上,采用转子位置鲁棒观测器提高系统的抗负载扰动能力。根据实际阶跃式和斜坡式负载扰动以及位置观测误差期望指标,使用极点配置的方法设计了观测器的反馈矩阵参数。通过仿真和试验验证了所提无传感器控制策略的可行性与准确性。

Speed sensorless FCS-MPTC based on FOSM-MRAS five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

For the two-level five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(FP-PMSM)drive system,an improved finite-control-set model predictive torque control(MPTC)strategy is adopted to reduce torque ripple and improve the control performance of the system.The mathematical model of model reference adaptive system(MRAS)of FP-PMSM is derived and a method based on fractional order sliding mode(FOSM)is proposed to construct the model reference adaptive system(FOSMMRAS)to improve the motor speed estimation accuracy and eliminate the sliding mode integral saturation effect.The simulation results show that the FP-PMSM speed sensorless FCS-MPTC system based on FOSM-MRAS has strong robustness,good dynamic performance and static performance,and high reliability.

IPMSM电流前馈解耦转矩补偿MTPA控制研究

为提高车用内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)驱动系统的速度响应能力和高速状态的运行抗干扰性,提出了以最大转矩比电流(MTPA)控制为基础,采用带电流前馈解耦的反馈补偿控制策略。在分析电机的数学模型的基础上,借助电流空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)控制技术实现MTPA控制。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真对比分析中,使用转矩补偿调节相比传统PI控制可使响应时间缩短近40%,并有效提高高速运行时的抗干扰性,验证了所提出的控制策略的可行性和有效性。

IPMSM的复合超前角弱磁控制系统研究

为提升内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)控制系统弱磁扩速性能,提出了一种复合超前角弱磁控制方法。分析电机的电流及电压限制条件,根据电机运行不同区域的转矩特性,将转矩输出最大化作为目标,设计了全速度范围内的超前角弱磁算法。该方法将电机运行区域分成3段,可实现最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制区域与超前角弱磁区域的平滑过渡,使得系统在基速阶段转矩输出恒定,在弱磁扩速阶段功率恒定。仿真结果表明,提出的方法有效地拓宽了转速范围,解决了传统超前角弱磁在深度弱磁阶段的电流振荡问题。

双层IPMSM转子结构优化对齿槽转矩的影响

为了降低双层内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)中齿槽转矩对电动机稳定运行的不利影响,提出了将分段磁极和转子开对称辅助槽相结合的方法。首先,基于齿槽转矩的原理,利用有限元软件Maxwell建立8极12槽车用内置式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)模型;其次,比较电动机在分段磁极前后的齿槽转矩,并对转子表面开辅助槽的各参数逐一进行仿真,通过双变量同时参数化的方法验证辅助槽参数的选择;最后,对比优化前后电动机各性能参数。结果表明:均匀分段磁极和开对称辅助槽2种方案叠加是可行的,在确保电动机性能良好的同时使齿槽转矩削弱了77.72%。

IPMSM交、直轴电感特性有限元分析

内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM),具有独特的弱磁扩速能力,恒功率调速范围较宽,广泛应用于新能源电动汽车中.电机良好的运行特性与其电感参数密切相关.从永磁同步电机矢量控制的角度,对电机的三相电感、互感与交轴、直轴电感之间变换进行理论分析,并在Maxwell 2D静磁场中,对电机绕组施加不同的电流激励进行有限元仿真分析,得到不同电流激励下直轴、交轴电感参数的分布,并对结果进行分析对比,为电机的优化设计分析提供依据.

考虑磁路饱和的IPMSM电感辨识算法及变参数MTPA控制策略

内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)d、q轴电感会随着磁路饱和程度的不同而发生改变,这会降低最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制的有效性。考虑到定子电流引起的磁路饱和及交叉饱和效应的影响,提出了相应的d、q轴电感辨识算法和变参数MTPA控制策略。采用基于旋转高频电压注入的d、q轴电感辨识算法可在其他电机参数未知的前提下得到不同负载条件下的d、q轴电感;变参数MTPA控制策略能够充分利用标幺值化处理的优势,在转矩-最优电流控制表不变的基础上,只需根据实际d、q轴电感更新电流基值和转矩基值便可克服电感变化带来的不利影响,并实现一定转矩条件下的最佳MTPA控制。最后在电机控制实验平台上通过实验对提出的电感辨识算法和变参数MTPA控制策略的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

电动汽车IPMSM单电流调节器弱磁控制技术

针对电动汽车IPMSM在弱磁扩速时交直轴电流强耦合的问题,采用单电流调节器的弱磁控制方式,通过选择开关对最大转矩电流比(MTPA)控制方式和弱磁控制方式在不同运行状态下进行切换。在弱磁控制中直轴电压指令由直轴电流调节器获得,交轴电压指令则根据直轴电压值通过调节器直接给出。该方法能够对电机直流电压充分利用,使电机工作在最优工作点。建立该控制系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,仿真结果分析证明该方法的可行性。最后搭建以英飞凌TC 1782为主控芯片的电动汽车驱动控制系统平台,对所提的控制策略的实际应用能力进行验证。

基于QP序列的IPMSM驱动系统优化电流求解法研究

提出一种基于二次型规划(QP)序列的内嵌式永磁同步电动机(IPMSM)控制系统的优化电流(保证电机运行损耗最小的d/q轴电流)的求解方法.首先,将IPMSM的效率优化建模为基于非线性约束的规划问题;然后,将非线约束的规划问题求解转化为线性约束的QP序列的求解.本文证明了QP序列解的收敛性、收敛值和IPMSM控制系统优化电流的近似同一性.仿真分析了该方法,其收敛度较快,且计算量较小,比较适用于IPMSM控制系统效率优的数字化控制.

基于高频信号注入的IPMSM无位置传感器控制策略

为了提高无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的低速运行性能,提出一种基于高频信号注入的转子位置鲁棒观测方法。采用注入脉振高频电压信号的方式,通过高频电流的幅值信息获取转子位置误差信号,对信号处理及数字滤波器设计进行分析。在此基础上,研究一种具有较强抗负载扰动能力的转子位置观测器,通过考虑负载扰动转矩动态特性,给出位置鲁棒观测器的理论设计方法,根据实际扰动转矩特点及位置观测期望误差,采用极点配置法设计反馈矩阵系数。通过IPMSM无位置传感器矢量控制系统进行了实验,结果验证了该控制策略的有效性。

IPMSM位置和速度估计的一些新方法

针对内埋式永磁同步电动机,综述了近年来转子位置和速度估计的一些新方法,给出了这些方法的简单原理、优缺点及应用范围等,指出混合运用零速到低速和低中速到高速这两类方法是切实有效的。今后研究的问题仍然集中在包含零速时稳定低速驱动的实现和伴随转矩控制的稳定起动上。

一种基于MTPA的IPMSM弱磁控制系统

内置式永磁同步电机,其速度运行范围与电机参数息息相关。本文从电机本身参数的角度出发,充分考虑电机实际运行的两个约束条件:电压极限椭圆和电流极限圆,对实验室电机进行分析,提出了一种基于MTPA的弱磁控制算法。在低速区,利用曲线拟合,解决了MTPA控制算法中d、q轴电流给定值无法获得解析解的问题,得到了不同转速要求时的交直轴电流给定值。在高速区,利用转矩的梯度和电压差对MTPA指令进行修正,对电机进行弱磁控制。理论、仿真和实验结果表明,在特定电机参数下,i_d=0的矢量控制无法使电机达到额定运行状态,而本文所提出的基于MTPA的弱磁算法,既满足了电机的额定运行状态,同时提高了电机的带载能力,拓宽了电机的调速范围。