Health diagnosis of ultrahigh arch dam performance using heterogeneous spatial panel vector model

Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in China.Safety control is essential to long-term operation of these dams.This study employed the flexibility coefficient and plastic complementary energy norm to assess the structural safety of arch dams.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,focusing on differences among conventional methods in characterizing the structural behavior of the Xiaowan arch dam in China.Subsequently,the spatiotemporal characteristics of the measured performance of the Xiaowan dam were explored,including periodicity,convergence,and time-effect characteristics.These findings revealed the governing mechanism of main factors.Furthermore,a heterogeneous spatial panel vector model was developed,considering both common factors and specific factors affecting the safety and performance of arch dams.This model aims to comprehensively illustrate spatial heterogeneity between the entire structure and local regions,introducing a specific effect quantity to characterize local deformation differences.Ultimately,the proposed model was applied to the Xiaowan arch dam,accurately quantifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dam performance.Additionally,the spatiotemporal distri-bution characteristics of environmental load effects on different parts of the dam were reasonably interpreted.Validation of the model prediction enhances its credibility,leading to the formulation of health diagnosis criteria for future long-term operation of the Xiaowan dam.The findings not only enhance the predictive ability and timely control of ultrahigh arch dams'performance but also provide a crucial basis for assessing the effectiveness of engineering treatment measures.

Panel data models with cross-sectional dependence: a selective review

In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues of cross-sectional dependence, and introduces the concepts of weak and strong cross-sectional dependence. Then, the main attention is primarily paid to spatial and factor approaches for modeling cross-sectional dependence for both linear and nonlinear （nonparametric and semiparametric） panel data models. Finally, we conclude with some speculations on future research directions.

Small Sample Estimation in Dynamic Panel Data Models: A Simulation Study

We used simulated data to investigate both the small and large sample properties of the within-groups (WG) estimator and the first difference generalized method of moments (FD-GMM) estimator of a dynamic panel data (DPD) model. The magnitude of WG and FD-GMM estimates are almost the same for square panels. WG estimator performs best for long panels such as those with time dimension as large as 50. The advantage of FD-GMM estimator however, is observed on panels that are long and wide, say with time dimension at least 25 and cross-section dimension size of at least 30. For small-sized panels, the two methods failed since their optimality was established in the context of asymptotic theory. We developed parametric bootstrap versions of WG and FD-GMM estimators. Simulation study indicates the advantages of the bootstrap methods under small sample cases on the assumption that variances of the individual effects and the disturbances are of similar magnitude. The boostrapped WG and FD-GMM estimators are optimal for small samples.

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML),and which structure determines the long-term mechanism.Based on the panel data from 2001 to 2015,with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission mechanism.The results show that,there is a 'U' type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and GML.The direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and promotion.There is a 'U' type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the GML.The technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI,while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption structure.There is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area,and the CAC is not significantly.Meanwhile,both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.

Comparison of Uniform and Kernel Gaussian Weight Matrix in Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model

Panel data combine cross-section data and time series data. If the cross-section is locations, there is a need to check the correlation among locations. ρ and λ are parameters in generalized spatial model to cover effect of correlation between locations. Value of ρ or λ will influence the goodness of fit model, so it is important to make parameter estimation. The effect of another location is covered by making contiguity matrix until it gets spatial weighted matrix (W). There are some types of W—uniform W, binary W, kernel Gaussian W and some W from real case of economics condition or transportation condition from locations. This study is aimed to compare uniform W and kernel Gaussian W in spatial panel data model using RMSE value. The result of analysis showed that uniform weight had RMSE value less than kernel Gaussian model. Uniform W had stabil value for all the combinations.

Some Additional Moment Conditions for a Dynamic Count Panel Data Model with Predetermined Explanatory Variables

This paper proposes some additional moment conditions for the linear feedback model with explanatory variables being predetermined, which is proposed by [1] for the purpose of dealing with count panel data. The newly proposed moment conditions include those associated with the equidispersion, the Negbin I-type model and the stationarity. The GMM estimators are constructed incorporating the additional moment conditions. Some Monte Carlo experiments indicate that the GMM estimators incorporating the additional moment conditions perform well, compared to that using only the conventional moment conditions proposed by [2,3].

Quasi Maximum Likelihood for MESS Varying Coefficient Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects

The study of spatial econometrics has developed rapidly and has found wide applications in many different scientific fields,such as demog­raphy,epidemiology,regional economics,and psychology.With the deepening of research,some scholars find that there are some model specifications in spatial econometrics,such as spatial autoregressive(SAR)model and matrix exponential spatial specification(MESS),which cannot be nested within each other.Compared with the common SAR models,the MESS models have computational advantages because it eliminates the need for logarithmic determinant calculation in maxi­mum likelihood estimation and Bayesian estimation.Meanwhile,MESS models have theoretical advantages.However,the theoretical research and application of MESS models have not been promoted vigorously.Therefore,the study of MESS model theory has practical significance.This paper studies the quasi maximum likelihood estimation for ma­trix exponential spatial specification(MESS)varying coefficient panel data models with fixed effects.It is shown that the estimators of model parameters and function coefficients satisfy the consistency and asymp­totic normality to make a further supplement for the theoretical study of MESS model.

教育支出的产出效应研究——基于空间Panel Data与菲德模型的数量分析

考虑到我国省际经济增长的空间溢出性和空间相关性,将空间Panel Data模型和菲德模型结合起来研究教育支出的产出效应,这种方法能在考虑空间相关性的基础上研究教育支出的部门溢出,从而对教育支出的产出效应得到更准确的估计。研究结果显示省际经济增长之间存在显著的空间相关性,而空间Panel Data模型的实证结果也表明,如果不考虑空间相关性会夸大教育支出的部门溢出。

基于Panel-data的区际产业转移粘性分析

利用面板数据模型,以江苏省为例,对28个制造业的科技进步、产业集群、区域人力资本积累、沉没成本和资产专用性、劳动力跨区域流动、制度创新、政府阻力等因素对产业转移粘性的关系进行了实证研究,并依据各个因素的贡献率得出了跨区域产业转移的初步结论。

基于Panel Data模型的中国土地市场发育区域差异及其对房价的影响

研究目的:分析中国土地市场发育的区域差异,以及这种差异对房价的影响。研究方法:面板数据模型。研究结果:(1)中国土地市场发育水平存在区域差异,区域内部的发育水平也不尽相同,东、中、西部的差异呈现先缩小后加大的趋势;(2)土地市场发育对房价的影响同样存在区域差异,东部、中部地区具有负向影响,且东部较中部显著,西部地区具有正向影响。研究结论:(1)提高土地市场发育水平可以促使房价达到合理水平;(2)在提高土地市场化水平的基础上不断完善市场经济环境,有利于这种作用的实现。

房价影响因素的空间非一致性与差异化调控手段——基于Panel Data模型的实证研究

房地产价格受多种宏观经济因素的综合影响,不同城市的房价决定因素可能存在差异。文章将全国城市划分为四种级别,并选择17个一、二、三线样本城市,以货币供应量、CPI、GDP、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入和社会固定资产投资额为解释变量,选取2002-2012年的季度数据,构建Panel Data模型,研究房价影响因素的空间非一致性,研究结果证明了空间非一致性的存在。基于此,对一、二、三线城市分别提出了差异性调控手段建议。

基于Panel Data模型的新疆区域产业结构调整对环境污染的影响分析

文章选取2000年以来新疆区域经济与环境数据,建立产业结构调整与环境污染指标的计量模型,重点估算出产业结构调整对环境污染的区域特征。实证结果发现:第一,在工业废水排放量方面,固定效应系数最高为克拉玛依市,最低为和田地区。第二,在工业废气排放量方面,固定效应系数最高为克拉玛依市,数值最低的为克州。第三,新疆产业结构调整对工业固体废物排放量的固定效应系数最高的是乌鲁木齐市,数值最低的是塔城地区;第四,就新疆三大区域而言,北疆尤其天山北坡经济带的固定效应系数普遍高于东疆和南疆地区,区域分布差异非常显著。从实证分析结果来看,推动经济社会与资源环境协调发展的基础是抓好重点区域和领域的环保工作,要加强污染防治,积极推行排污许可和总量控制制度,落实重点流域、区域、城市、产业污染治理任务。

Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的理论和应用发展综述

Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的相关理论是最近几年才发展起来的,现有的研究提出了关于Panel-Data下Granger因果检验的四个基本假设:同质无因果关系假设(HNCH)、同质因果关系假设(HCH)、异质因果关系假设(HECH)以及异质无因果关系假设(HENCH),根据检验参数的特点给出三种类型的检验模型:固定系数模型、随机系数模型和混合固定随机系数模型。目前,还只有固定系数模型的相关理论较为完善,另外两种模型的检验还都存在一定的难度。因此,只有从理论研究和实际应用两个方面对该理论进行阐述,并对现有的理论进行简要的评述,才可指出其存在的不足及可能的改进方向。

基于PanelData的金砖国家对美高技术产品出口竞争力及影响因素分析

以巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非组成的金砖国家(BRICS),作为新兴经济代表,纷纷重视高技术产品的出口竞争。2010年金砖国家高技术产品出口总值达5008亿美元,占世界高技术产品出口的22.76%,而金砖国家在美国市场高技术产品的出口竞争成为新的焦点。本文旨在比较金砖国家对美高技术产品出口竞争力影响因素,挖掘金砖国家高技术产品出口的竞争优势,并借鉴金砖国家的成功经验,为中国提出对策建议,以增强中国对美高技术产品出口竞争力。

基于Panel Data模型的土地供应量对房价的影响研究

研究目的:定量反映土地供应量对房价的影响及其作用机制。研究方法:计量经济学方法。研究结果:一年前的土地供应量对房屋供应量的影响是正的,对房价的影响是负的,两者在统计上都是显著的,但土地供应量增加对降低房价的影响力非常小。两年前的土地供应量虽然影响房屋供应量,但却不影响房价。研究结论:影响中国当前房价的因素非常复杂,增减土地供应量对调控房价有一定作用,但必须同时有其他工具的辅助,否则其效果很可能不够显著。

基于Panel Data模型的天津郊区城镇化对农民收入的影响研究

通过Panel Data模型,分析了天津郊区城镇化水平对农民收入的影响,并比较了郊区地区因素和时间因素对农民收入的影响。研究发现,天津郊区城镇化发展与农民收入水平之间存在长期均衡关系,但影响较小;地区和时间差异因素发挥了较为显著的作用。

对外开放、金融发展与海洋产业集聚——基于Panel Data模型的省际差异分析

在着力发展海洋产业的时代背景下,梳理出对外开放、金融发展与海洋产业集聚之间的作用机理,基于1997—2012年中国沿海11个省份的面板数据,运用Panel Data模型,实证了对外开放条件下,我国金融发展对海洋产业集聚作用的省际差异性。检验结果显示,金融发展水平与海洋产业集聚程度之间并非正相关,对外开放作为至关重要的条件因素,直接制约着金融要素作用的发挥。说明各省必须依照实际情况,三者协调发展,才能有效促进海洋产业的集聚。

基于Panel Data的地区财政支出结构优化模型研究

本文用平面数据(PanelData)的协整理论和误差修正模型、多目标规划等方法,利用1994—2001年中国各地区财政支出结构的数据,构建了地区财政支出结构优化模型,并对河北省2000年和2001年的财政支出结构进行了实证分析,提出了优化方案。结论显示,在财政支出总量不变的前提下,模型拟合取得了满意的效果。

一级干线公路的Panel Data限速模型

为使限速值的确定更为客观,避免以往仅以85%位速度作为限速主要依据所存在的缺陷,在剖析合理限速与运行速度、道路特征等约束条件之间所存在逻辑关系的基础上,根据百分位速度与其他限速影响因素所构成变量的数据结构与Panel Data结构的相似性,引入Panel Data相关建模方法来构建限速与百分位速度等影响因素之间的理论模型。采用逐步回归法与最小二乘虚拟变量相结合的方法来求解最优时点固定效应模型表达式,应用F检验或Hausman检验结果确定Panel Data模型类型及具体表达式,最终确定一级干线公路小型车限速的主要影响因素依次为行人干扰、地形、纵坡、百分位速度,大型车限速的主要影响因素依次为地形、纵坡、行人干扰、出入口密度。最后,应用统计软件分别对一级干线公路大、小型车Panel Data限速模型残差有效性进行检验,结果表明所建模型误差均在±10 km/h之内,说明所提出的限速确定方法在实际应用中具备一定的可行性。

基于Panel Data模型的中国省际经济增长收敛性分析

中国经济实现了整体上的快速增长,同时,各地区之间经济发展的差距也引起了人们的广泛关注。本文利用标准差和变异系数,对我国省际间σ收敛情况进行了分析,并在Dowrick和Rogers分析框架的基础上,采用Panel Da-ta模型,对我国省际间以及东中西部三大经济地带内部经济增长情况进行了实证分析。结果发现了中国经济增长的收敛机制以及中国经济增长收敛性的特点。