Mechanism of strengthening of cube texture for high purity aluminum foils by additional-annealing

The mechanism of strengthening of cube texture ({001}<100>) by additional annealing of high purity aluminum foils was investigated by using orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results of ODFs and fiber show that the orientation densities of the S {123}<634> and Cu {112}<111> components increase in both the additional annealed samples and the 0.11 mm final cold rolled foils. And the EBSD results demonstrate that cube nuclei can be identified in the deformed matrix of those additional annealed samples. It is suggested that the strengthening of cube texture can be brought out by the increasing of components of S and Cu and the formation of cube nuclei caused by additional annealing. Moreover, it is found that the cube texture increases first and then decreases with increasing additional annealing temperature, and it is the strongest at 180 ℃.The strengthening of cube texture by additional annealing is proposed as the result of oriented growth of cube subgrains.

Semisolid slurry of 7A04 aluminum alloy prepared by electromagnetic stirring and Sc, Zr additions

Slurry preparation is one of the most critical steps for semisolid casting, and its primary goal is to prepare slurry with uniformly distributed fine globules. In this work, electromagnetic stirring(EMS) and the addition of Sc and Zr elements were used to prepare semisolid slurry of 7A04 aluminum alloy in a large diameter slurry maker. The effects of different treatments on the microstructure, composition and their radial homogeneity were investigated. The results show that, compared to the slurry without any treatment, large volume slurry with finer and more uniform microstructure can be obtained when treated by EMS, Sc, or Zr additions individually. EMS is more competent in the microstructural and chemical homogenization of the slurry while Sc and Zr additions are more excellent in its microstructural refinement. The combined treatment of EMS, Sc and Zr produces premium 7A04 aluminum alloy slurry with uniformly distributed fine α-Al globules and composition. The interaction mechanism between EMS and Sc and Zr additions was also discussed.

TENSILE STRENGTH AND CREEP RESISTANCE OF Mg-9Al-1Zn BASED ALLOYS WITH CALCIUM ADDITION

Small amount of calcium addition to the Mg-9Al-0.8Zn-0.2Mn (AZ91) alloy resulted in obvious influence on mechanical properties. The yield strength of the alloys increased with the increase of Ca addition and the maximum strength was obtained from the alloy containing 0.15% of Ca. The creep resistance at the temperatures between 150-220°C was also significantly increased with Ca addition. The creep rate (at 200°C, 50 MPa) of the alloy with 0.15% Ca addition was one order of magnitude lower than that of the base alloy (AZ91). Microstructural observations revealed that the addition of calcium refined the microstructure and enhanced the thermal stability of the β precipitates, which accounted for the improvement of creep resistance at high temperatures.

Preparation and characterization of porous ceramics prepared by kaolinite gangue and Al(OH)_3 with double addition of MgCO_3 and CaCO_3

Porous ceramics were prepared from kaolinite gangue and Al（OH）3 with double addition of MgCO3 and CaCO3 by the pore-forming in-situ technique.The characterizations of porous ceramics were investigated by X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy,and mercury porosimetry measurements,etc.It is found that although the decomposition of MgCO3 and CaCO3 has little contribution to the porosity,the double addition of MgCO3 and CaCO3 strongly affects the formation of liquid phase,and then changes the phase compositions,pore characterization,and strength.The appropriate mode is the sample containing 1.17wt% MgCO3 and 1.17wt% CaCO3,which has high apparent porosity（41.0%）,high crushing strength（53.5 MPa）,high mullite content（76wt%）,and small average pore size（3.24 μm）.

Effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloys

The effects of La addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of B-refmed and Sr-modified A1-1 1Si-1.5Cu-0.3Mg cast- ing alloys were investigated. With a trace addition of La （0.05wt%-0. lwt%）, the mutual poisoning effect between B and Sr can be neutral- ized by the formation of LaB6 rather than SrB6. By employing a La/B weight ratio of 2：1, uniform microstructures, which are characterized by well refined ct-A1 grains and adequately modified eutectic Si particles as well as the incorporation of precipitated strengthening intermetal- lics, are obtained and lead to appreciable tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 270 MPa and elongation of 5.8%.

Effect of rare earth samarium addition on the kinetics of precipitation in Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy

The mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy mainly depend on the morphology, distribution, size, and number ofθ′（Al2Cu） precipitates. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of rare earth samarium （Sm） addition on the kinetics of precipitation in the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Thermal ef-fect peaks that are attributed to the formation and the dissolution of Guinier-Preston （GP） zone andθ′phase were identified from the DSC curves. The activation energy ofθ′formation was calculated by using both the Kissinger method and the analytical model, and the corre-sponding results were compared. Results suggest that the activation energy ofθ′formation in Al-Cu-Mn alloy is dramatically higher than that in Al-Cu-Mn-Sm alloy. Accordingly, it is concluded that the addition of rare earth Sm decreases the activation energy ofθ′formation and promotes the formation ofθ′precipitates.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND TENSILE PROPERTIES OF Fe_3Al-BASED ALLOYS WITH VC AND TiC ADDITIONS

Microstructure and tensile properties of Fe3 Al-based alloys with the additions of TiC and VC particles have been investigated. Results show that the formation of TiC particles results in the refinement of the macrostructure of as-cast ingots. Although the addition of VC particles does not cause any significant change of the as-cast microstructure, the microstructure of the alloy after hot-working and recrystallization has been found to be refined. The formation of both VC and TiC particles results in the increase of yield strength, especially at the high temperature of 600°C.

Effect of Yb addition on precipitation and microstructure of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys with different Yb contents were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Yb addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys was investigated using mechanical properties testing, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that adding 0.10%-0.35% Yb accelerates the aging hardening process, increases the maximum hardness and the tensile strength of the extruded alloys from room temperature to 300 ℃. Trace Yb element addition refines the grains of the casting alloys from 85 μm to 30 μm, decreases the precipitation temperature of Ω phase. Moreover, the addition of Yb into Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy decreases the precipitates size, and improves the density and the thermal stability of Ω phase between 200 ℃ and 300 ℃ .

Effect of Rare Earth Sc Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy

Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 (mass. %) Sc were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Sc addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys has been investigated using mechanical testing, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that trace Sc element refines the grains of the casting alloys and the average grain size decreases from 85 μm to 30 μm. Increasing Sc content from 0.1 to 0.3% accelerates the aging hardening process, increases the maximum hardness and the tensile strength of the extruded alloys from room temperature to 300 ℃. The high strength of the alloys with Sc is attributed to the high density and high thermal stability of fine Ω precipitates, and nanosized Al3(Sc,Zr) and AlCu(Zr, Sc) particles.

Effect of aluminum-containing additives on the reactivity in air and CO_2 of carbon anode for aluminum electrolysis

Airburn reaction and carboxy reaction result in the excess consumption ofcarbon anode in aluminum electrolysis. To reduce the excess carbon consumption, carbon anode wasdoped with aluminum-containing additives, such as Al, Al_4C_3, AlF_3 and Al_2O_3. Their reactivityin air and CO_2 was determined with an isothermal-gravimetric method to study the effect ofaluminum-containing additives on the reactivity in air and CO_2 of carbon anode. Results shown thatthe airburn reactivity at 450℃ and carboxy reactivity at 970℃ of carbon anode both decreased withAl-containing additives adding, while shown a minimum with the amount of Al_4C_3, AlF_3 and Al_2O_3increasing. However, all Al-containing additives increase the airburn reactivity at 550℃ of carbonanodes. Coke yield measurement and XRD examination with aluminum containing additives doped pitchcokes revealed that the effect of Al-containing additives on the airburn reactivity and carboxyreactivity of carbon anode would result from chemical factors and structural factors.

Influence of Yb_2O_3 addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 10Cu/(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4)cermets

10Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4)cermets doped with Yb2O3 were prepared by conventional powder metallurgy technique.The effects of Yb2O3 content and sintering temperature on the relative density,phase composition,microstructure of the sintered cermets and the corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts were investigated by sintered density test,XRD analysis and SEM.YbFeO3 phase,which distributes in the ceramics grain boundary as particles or film,is produced by the reaction between Yb2O3 and ceramics. The addition of Yb2O3 accelerates the sintering process of ceramics matrix,eliminates pores in the boundary and results in coarsened crystalline grain.The relative density of the cermets with about 1%(mass fraction)Yb2O3 sintered at 1 275℃increases to above 95%.Addition of about 1.0%Yb2O3 can inhibit obviously the corrosion of NiFe2O4 grain boundary and Cu phase in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melts.

Effects of Al-Si Addition on Thermomechanical Properties of Low-carbon MgO-C Materials

Effects of Al- Si addition on hot modulus of rup- ture ~ HMOR） . thermal shock resistance ~ TSR~ . phase composition and mierostructure of low-carbon MgO - C materials were investigated. The results show that： Al and Si addition to low-carbon MgO - C materials leads to dramatic increase in MOR at elevated temperatures; it increases from 4 MPa to 11 -21 MPa at 1 200 ℃ and from 2 MPa to 21 -29 MPa at 1 400 ℃. Al and Si addition to low-carbon MgO - C materials also improves TSR： residual strength ratio after thermal shock when △T = 1 200 ℃ is increased,from 44% to 73% - 77%. Al reacts with C and N2 to form, Al4C3 and AlN, Si reacts with C to form SiC. Ultimately. in-situ formed non- oxides increase appreciably with temperature rising and are well interlaced in periclase skeleton structure at 1 300 -1 400 ℃. which is beneficial to thermomechanical properties.

喷雾-反溶剂结晶法制备掺杂铝粉的复合微球

纳米铝粉作为高能添加剂广泛应用于含能复合材料领域。然而,制备高球形度铝粉掺杂的复合微球却面临着一系列挑战。采用喷雾与反溶剂结晶相结合的方法,探索了一种制备纳米铝粉与有机分子形成复合功能微球的喷射-结晶途径。通过自主设计的内混三流式空气雾化喷嘴,将前驱液雾化成液滴,反溶剂接收浴接收后,溶剂与反溶剂发生快速的相互扩散和传质过程,含能分子模拟物蔗糖八乙酸酯(SOA)在液滴内部析出,将铝粉包裹在内,洗涤干燥后得到铝粉掺杂的复合微球。通过调控合适的雾化、溶剂与反溶剂、添加剂等条件,成功解决了干燥后复合微球球形度低、微球之间相互团聚等现象,最终制备出粒径分布窄、形貌均一、分散性较好、球形度和密实度较高的掺杂铝粉的微球复合材料。

单体种类对光固化增材制造5052铝合金的影响

针对光固化增材制造5052铝合金时存在的浆料不稳定、烧结体密度偏低和碳残留量较高等问题,研究了树脂单体种类对铝合金光固化增材制造的影响。结果表明,单体种类对光固化增材制造5052铝合金的成型工艺和烧结体性能具有重要影响。采用单体TMPTA或PEG400DA的铝浆黏度大于30 Pa·s,沉降时间大于120 h,成型的铝合金坯体结构完整但表面孔洞较多;采用单体PEG200DA或HDDA的铝浆黏度低于30 Pa·s,但沉降时间小于16 h,成型的铝合金坯体表面无孔洞但结构易残缺;采用单体PS-PCL的铝浆黏度低于30 Pa·s且稳定不易沉降,坯体表面无孔洞且结构完整。采用优选单体PS-PCL制备固含量55%铝浆,打印成型并烧结后,其相对密度大于95%,碳残留量相对较低(0.259 17%),断口烧结颈明显,硬度相对较高(29.94HV)。

液态金属改性微米Al-氟聚物的3D打印及性能表征

为了研究镓基液体金属(GLM)-Al-氟聚物的能量释放性能,制备了GLM质量分数分别为1%、3%、5%、7%的GLM-Al,通过3D打印获得了GLM-Al-氟聚物复合反应性材料;采用SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS、DSC-TG、高速摄影仪和万能拉伸仪对GLM-Al及GLM-Al-氟聚物的微观结构、燃烧性能、力学性能等进行测试。结果表明,质量分数3%的GLM改性的GLM-Al放热量和氧化增重均最大,分别为6181 J/g和42.92%;改性前的Al-氟聚物不能被点燃,改性后GLM-Al-氟聚物可以点燃且可以持续稳定燃烧,在当量比为3.5时的燃速最大,为6.0 mm/s;此时GLM-Al-氟聚物的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均最大,分别为1.73 MPa、11486%,是改性前Al-氟聚物的1.5倍和1.3倍。

选区激光熔化成形铝合金材料体系研究进展

铝合金是工业生产中运用最为广泛的金属材料,高比强度、良好的耐蚀性使其适用于生产各种复杂结构件。选区激光熔化技术不仅具有定制化成形能力,高加工精度与短生产周期也可大幅推进铝合金构件的成形与应用。本文介绍了近年来选区激光熔化铝合金的研究进展,简述了选区激光熔化技术所生产铝合金的工艺缺陷及形成机理,聚焦于不同合金的组织演变和力学性能,着重分析不同合金体系下元素对微观形貌的影响及强化效应。针对选区激光熔化铝合金的应用现状与存在壁垒,指出实现普及的关键在于通过成分设计实现成形性能与力学性能的平衡。

沉积策略对电弧增材制造5356铝合金显微组织、缺陷和力学性能的影响

基于电弧增材制造技术(WAAM)研究往复扫描(RS)、振荡扫描(OS)和垂直扫描(VS)3种沉积策略对5356铝合金(AA5356)构件的影响,探讨5356铝合金构件的显微组织、缺陷和力学性能。结果表明:相比于RS和OS策略,VS策略使得构件的热量分布均匀。VS策略的显微组织主要由等轴晶组成,使得显微硬度最高值达到HV 77.25。VS策略使得构件的气孔率和微孔尺寸分别下降了45.52%和19.81%,从而改善了拉伸性能。因此,VS策略为获得显微组织均匀、力学性能优异的AA5356构件提供了一种新的解决方案。

CMT电弧增材制造的5356铝合金薄壁件力学性能及其强化机理研究

采用CMT电弧增材制造了5356铝合金单道多层薄壁件,研究了5356铝合金薄壁构件的力学性能。并探讨不同电流情况下不同沉积高度的熔池形貌变化以及组织变化。结果表明,5356铝合金显微组织主要为α(Al)基体与β相,强化机理主要为细晶强化和析出相强化。5356铝合金组织和性能在不同沉积高度有差异。构件底部由于受到热循环更多,晶粒较为粗大,二次相较多且连续分布,而顶部受到热循环较少,晶粒相对细小且二次相主要呈点状析出。随着电流升高,薄壁构件力学性能逐渐降低。

搅拌摩擦沉积增材2219铝合金组织及性能

在主轴转速250~350 r/min、横向移动速度50~150 mm/min工艺参数下进行2219-T87铝合金搅拌摩擦沉积增材(additive friction stir deposition,AFSD)实验,探究工艺参数与多层热循环对沉积层宏观成形、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在主轴转速250 r/min,移动速度100 mm/min工艺参数下可获得成形良好的单道16层增材试样。增材区晶粒尺寸发生显著细化,在4~6μm之间,细小等轴晶组织取代沉积棒料粗大的无规则晶粒组织。增材试样发生剧烈的动态再结晶,整体再结晶晶粒在80%以上,试样底部(第1层)受到多次热循环影响,再结晶晶粒达到91.8%。增材区域织构基本由Cube、Copper、P和RtB四种再结晶织构以及S、T和Brass织构构成。增材试样的硬度和抗拉强度相比于沉积棒料都明显降低,其中,第16层沉积层硬度最大为80HV,约为沉积棒料母材的55.6%;第1~8层沉积层硬度均匀在60HV。增材区水平(longitudinal direction,LD)方向第9~16层和1~8层的平均抗拉强度分别为243.0 MPa和219.3 MPa,约为母材的60.0%和52.9%;平均伸长率为19.4%和24.5%,分别约为母材的181.1%和229.0%。增材试样LD方向断裂模式均为韧性断裂。

激光增材含铝马氏体不锈钢的高温摩擦磨损性能研究

激光增材马氏体不锈钢可应用于600℃以下的高温部件,为了进一步提高其高温耐磨性能,制备了4种不同铝含量(0、1%、2%、3%,质量分数)的马氏体不锈钢试样,采用箱式电阻炉对4种马氏体不锈钢试样分别在25、200、400、600℃温度下进行热处理。采用OM、XRD、SEM、3D景深显微镜、高温摩擦磨损试验机等仪器和JMatPro软件研究了试样的金相组织与高温摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:随着铝含量的增加,试样的平均硬度从57.87 HRC降至42.46 HRC,随着600℃保温时间的延长,试样的硬度均快速下降并趋于稳定,其值从44.79 HRC降至28.70 HRC,铝含量的增加对试样在25℃下的摩擦系数的影响并不明显,其值均在0.8~0.9之间;当铝含量达到3%时,试样在600℃环境中的摩擦系数降至0.45左右,约为25℃下的52.94%,体积磨损量降至0.0214 mm^(3),约为25℃下的9%,试样主相为马氏体相及少量碳化物等析出相。添加3%铝可显著改善激光增材马氏体不锈钢的高温摩擦磨损性能。