Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Composition of Duoluo Goats in Sichuan Province

[Objectives] This study was conducted to understand the biological characteristics of Duoluo goats. [Methods] With male and female Duoluo goats as the research object, related performance indexes were determined and analyzed after slaughter. [Results] The weights of one-year-old male and female Duoluo goats before slaughter were (25.68±2.37) and (24.51±1.97) kg, respectively;the dressing percentages were (43.55±3.24) % and (43.84±3.42) %, respectively;and the net meat percentages were (33.02±2.32) % and (34.19±2.46) %, respectively. (2) The cooked meat rates of male and female Duoluo goats were (65.49±1.42) % and (65.36±1.55) %, respectively;the shearing force was (5.48±1.24) and (5.65±1.02) N, respectively;and the loin-eye muscle areas were (8.95±1.72) and (8.82±1.15) cm 2, respectively. (3) The protein contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (20.07±0.42) and (19.47±1.22) g/100 g, respectively;and the fat contents were (1.30±0.80) % and (2.92±0.55) %, respectively;and the cholesterol contents were (71.76±11.47) and (74.83±2.68) mg/100 g, respectively;(4) The Ca contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (69.53±10.89) and (63.00±4.56) mg/kg, respectively;the Fe contents were (16.73±1.83) and (14.77±0.58) mg/kg, respectively;and the Zn contents were (38.47±3.68) and (31.83±2.22) mg/kg, respectively. (5) In the muscles of male and female Duoluo goats, the contents of essential amino acids were (7.44±0.24) and (7.26±0.41) g/100 g , respectively;the contents of non-essential amino acids were (11.81±0.33) and (11.42±0.67) g/100 g, respectively;and the contents of flavor amino acids were (8.79±0.27) and (8.42±0.57) g/100 g, respectively. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the excavation and utilization of the resource, Duoluo goats.

Sparse-Grid Implementation of Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Schemes for Eikonal Equations

Fixed-point fast sweeping methods are a class of explicit iterative methods developed in the literature to efficiently solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).As other types of fast sweeping schemes,fixed-point fast sweeping methods use the Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in a certain direction simultaneously in each sweeping order.The resulting iterative schemes have a fast convergence rate to steady-state solutions.Moreover,an advantage of fixed-point fast sweeping methods over other types of fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not involve the inverse operation of any nonlinear local system.Hence,they are robust and flexible,and have been combined with high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes to solve various hyperbolic PDEs in the literature.For multidimensional nonlinear problems,high-order fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods still require quite a large amount of computational costs.In this technical note,we apply sparse-grid techniques,an effective approximation tool for multidimensional problems,to fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods for reducing their computational costs.Here,we focus on fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes with third-order accuracy(Zhang et al.2006[41]),for solving Eikonal equations,an important class of static Hamilton-Jacobi(H-J)equations.Numerical experiments on solving multidimensional Eikonal equations and a more general static H-J equation are performed to show that the sparse-grid computations of the fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schemes achieve large savings of CPU times on refined meshes,and at the same time maintain comparable accuracy and resolution with those on corresponding regular single grids.

Slaughtering Performance and Meat Quality of Hainan Black Goat and Its Hybrid Offsprings with Nubian Black Goat

In order to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Hainan black goats and hybrid offsprings of Nubian Black Goat and Hainan Black Goat, six 7-month-old Hainan black goats and six hybrid offsprings were selected to determine slaughter performance and muscle quality. The results showed that hybridization of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat significantly improved the production performance and slaughter performance of hybrid offsprings (P>0.05). The meat quality of F1 hybrid black goat had no significant difference with that of Hainan black goat except for the hardness and elasticity (P<0.05). Therefore, the crossbred progenies of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat have advantages in meat yield and meat performance, and the main meat quality indexes are not significantly different, which meets the market requirements for high-yield and high-quality hybrid combinations, and can be used for cross promotion.

Identification of Behavior of Voluntary Traceability and Analysis of Its Determinants: A Case Study of Hog Slaughtering and Processing Firms in Zhejiang Province,China

In recent years, the Chinese government has highlighted the importance of adopting hog safety/quality traceability, and a growing amount of research continues to entice firms to adopt traceability systems. In this study, a survey was conducted on a sample of pig slaughtering and processing firms in Zhejiang, China through personal interviews and emails. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of firm behavior on the implementation of voluntary traceability systems with more stringent standards and controls than those of the mandatory system in China. The results revealed that motivation based on product quality improvement, capital ability and role perception （business type） had significantly positive relationships with a firm＇s voluntary traceability. Other incentives, such as operation improvement, recall risk reduction, reduced occurrence of safety issues, and technical strength were not found to be supportive in our study. This study provides an opportunity to better understand the determinants of firm behavior on voluntary traceability, particularly in light of the fact that some Chinese firms are facing the threat of criminal action for the use of illegal additives and the abuse of Clenbuterol. Policy recommendations on encouraging the implementation of pork safety voluntary traceability by hog slaughtering and processing firms are also discussed.

Assessment of Beef Transportation Infrastructure from Slaughtering Facilities in Tanzanian Cities

This study presents the assessment of beef transportation infrastructure from slaughtering facilities in Tanzanian cities to the retail premises. The quality of beef consumed in many countries is questionable due to poor infrastructural development which may results into contamination and bacteriological infection. This study was carried out in Mbeya and Dar es Salaam where data was collected at the dispatch areas of 3 and 6 slaughtering facilities, respectively. At each slaughter facility, 10 vehicles selected randomly, were assessed. The assessment of beef distribution infrastructure was conducted based on 18 quality impacting factors established from the actual observation and literature review and conceptualized carcass distribution model. With exception to water tightness, painting and engine status during carcass loading, all the assessed beef quality impacting parameters were below 50%, indicating that beef distribution in the surveyed facilities were below the specification of food quality. Generally, the assessment of beef transporting facilities in connection to the first hypothesis of this study, indicted very weak compliance with the requirements, signifying that the vehicles are not acceptable for carcass transportation.

A Secure and Effective Energy-Aware Fixed-Point Quantization Scheme for Asynchronous Federated Learning

Asynchronous federated learning(AsynFL)can effectivelymitigate the impact of heterogeneity of edge nodes on joint training while satisfying participant user privacy protection and data security.However,the frequent exchange of massive data can lead to excess communication overhead between edge and central nodes regardless of whether the federated learning(FL)algorithm uses synchronous or asynchronous aggregation.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a method that can simultaneously take into account device heterogeneity and edge node energy consumption reduction.This paper proposes a novel Fixed-point Asynchronous Federated Learning(FixedAsynFL)algorithm,which could mitigate the resource consumption caused by frequent data communication while alleviating the effect of device heterogeneity.FixedAsynFL uses fixed-point quantization to compress the local and global models in AsynFL.In order to balance energy consumption and learning accuracy,this paper proposed a quantization scale selection mechanism.This paper examines the mathematical relationship between the quantization scale and energy consumption of the computation/communication process in the FixedAsynFL.Based on considering the upper bound of quantization noise,this paper optimizes the quantization scale by minimizing communication and computation consumption.This paper performs pertinent experiments on the MNIST dataset with several edge nodes of different computing efficiency.The results show that the FixedAsynFL algorithm with an 8-bit quantization can significantly reduce the communication data size by 81.3%and save the computation energy in the training phase by 74.9%without significant loss of accuracy.According to the experimental results,we can see that the proposed AsynFixedFL algorithm can effectively solve the problem of device heterogeneity and energy consumption limitation of edge nodes.

A Fixed-Point Iterative Method for Discrete Tomography Reconstruction Based on Intelligent Optimization

Discrete Tomography(DT)is a technology that uses image projection to reconstruct images.Its reconstruction problem,especially the binary image(0–1matrix)has attracted strong attention.In this study,a fixed point iterative method of integer programming based on intelligent optimization is proposed to optimize the reconstructedmodel.The solution process can be divided into two procedures.First,the DT problem is reformulated into a polyhedron judgment problembased on lattice basis reduction.Second,the fixed-point iterativemethod of Dang and Ye is used to judge whether an integer point exists in the polyhedron of the previous program.All the programs involved in this study are written in MATLAB.The final experimental data show that this method is obviously better than the branch and bound method in terms of computational efficiency,especially in the case of high dimension.The branch and bound method requires more branch operations and takes a long time.It also needs to store a large number of leaf node boundaries and the corresponding consumptionmatrix,which occupies a largememory space.

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides on Production,Slaughter Performance and Blood Routine of Tan Sheep

[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to their body weight, 46 in each group. The control check group(CK) was feed with conventional diet, and the experimental group was fed with the addition of antimicrobial peptide on the basis of the conventional diet, with the added amount of 2.5 g/sheep per day. The experimental period was 60 d. [Results] The incidence rate was 75.06% lower in the experimental group than in the CK. The average daily weight gain per sheep was 11.27% higher in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was 8.45% lower in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The average daily gross profit per sheep was 12.12% higher in the experimental group than in the CK. For slaughter performance, the data difference of each item was not significant. The PH at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter was within the normal range of fresh mutton. The cooked meat percentage and water loss rate showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The marbling ranged from 2.45 to 2.50, indicating that the fat content was moderate, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The flesh color ranged from 3.00 to 3.15, between light red and bright red, belonging to the normal color of mutton, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The shear force was between 2.50 and 2.65, without a significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.01). The erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the erythrocyte group were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The neutrophils and monocytes in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.05). [Conclusions] This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of antimicrobial peptides and their application in ruminants.

A Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Method with Inverse Lax-Wendroff Boundary Treatment for Steady State of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

Fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods are a class of efficient high-order numerical methods to solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).The Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy are used to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in each sweeping order to achieve fast convergence rate to steady-state solutions.A nice property of fixed-point fast sweeping WENO methods which distinguishes them from other fast sweeping methods is that they are explicit and do not require inverse operation of nonlinear local systems.Hence,they are easy to be applied to a general hyperbolic system.To deal with the difficulties associated with numerical boundary treatment when high-order finite difference methods on a Cartesian mesh are used to solve hyperbolic PDEs on complex domains,inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)procedures were developed as a very effective approach in the literature.In this paper,we combine a fifthorder fixed-point fast sweeping WENO method with an ILW procedure to solve steadystate solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on complex computing regions.Numerical experiments are performed to test the method in solving various problems including the cases with the physical boundary not aligned with the grids.Numerical results show highorder accuracy and good performance of the method.Furthermore,the method is compared with the popular third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta(TVD-RK3)time-marching method for steady-state computations.Numerical examples show that for most of examples,the fixed-point fast sweeping method saves more than half CPU time costs than TVD-RK3 to converge to steady-state solutions.

Effects of Different Protein Energy Ratios on Fattening Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Pigs

[Objectives]Protein energy ratio refers to the proportional relationship between protein and energy levels in animal diets,i.e.,the grams of crude protein corresponding to every megacalorie of energy,which is generally expressed as CP:ME or CP:DE.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different diets on fattening and slaughter performance and meat quality traits for"L(Large Yorkshire)×L(Landrace)"crossbred pigs.[Methods]Eighteen piglets of L×L crossbred with similar body weights about 51 kg were selected.The piglets were divided into 3 groups randomly and each group was assigned to 3 replicates with 2 piglets in a replicate.Group A was fed diet Ⅰ (control diet),group B was fed the same diet of group A in the first month of the trial but fed diet Ⅱ in second month,and group C consumed diet Ⅲ.All the pigs were fed in the same feeding condition for two months except the different diets during the trial.One pig in similar body weight from each replicate was slaughtered for the determination of slaughter performance and meat quality traits in the end of the trial.[Results]The average daily feed intake(ADFI)of pigs from group B was only(2.32±0.52)kg and significantly lower than those from group A and group C(P<0.05),but no difference was found in average daily gain(ADG) and feed/gain(P>0.05).Also,no differences occurred in the carcass length,back fat thickness,longissimus muscle (LM) area and dressing percentage(P>0.05).In addition,no differences were found in the meat quality traits of shear force,meat color,pH_(45 min),pH_(24 h) and cooking loss(P>0.05).However,the water-holding capacity of meat from group C was(2.58±0.02)ms and significantly lower than that of(2.80±0.20)ms from group A(P<0.05).Although the contents of glutamic acid and cystine in LM from group B was significantly lower than those from group A and group C(P<0.05),no differences occurred in the contents of other amino acids,the total amino acid and total flavor amino acid among the three groups(P>0.05).However,the inosine monophosphate content of LM from group C was only(331.80±11.53)mg/100 g and significantly lower than those of(361.00±6.36)and(366.37±4.80)mg/100 g from group A and B(P<0.05).Even though no differences were found in the contents of DM and CP in LM among the three groups of pigs,the content of intramuscular fat(IMF)in LM from group B and group C was increased by 45.6%and 46.58%respectively from that of group A(P<0.05),but no difference occurred between group B and C(P>0.05).[Conclusions]DietsⅡ and Ⅲ in this study caused no differences in fattening and slaughter performance of L×L crossbred pigs,but the effects on some meat traits were still significant,especially on the improvement of intramuscular fat in experimental pigs.Therefore,they could improve the meat quality of crossbred pigs to a certain extent.

Effects of Addition of Amino Acids or Soybean Phospholipid in Diet on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Pigs

[Objectives]The study aims to discuss the effects of addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet on the slaughter performance and meat quality of long(white)×large(York)binary hybrid pigs.[Methods]27 long×large castrated hybrid boars with the body weight of(54.4±0.15)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 3 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate.Group A was the control group,in which the pigs were fed basal diet;in group B,0.8%arginine and 0.60%glutamate were added to the basal diet;in group C,75 g of soybean phospholipid,20 g of vitamin E and 8 g of yeast selenium were added to every 100 kg of the basal diet.The trial period was 60 d.After the experiment was ended,one test pig with similar body weight was selected from each replicate for slaughter and meat determination.[Results]The average weight gain and eye muscle area of the pigs in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P<0.05),and also showed an increasing trend compared with group A,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the average weight gain and eye muscle area(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in other slaughter performance between the three groups(P>0.05).Besides,there was also no significant difference in the content of various amino acids,total amino acids and total umami amino acids between the three groups(P>0.05).The inosine content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and muscle cooking loss of binary hybrid pigs in group C were significantly better than those in group B(P<0.05),and also had a tendency to be better than those in group A,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between group B or C and group A in the inosine content and muscle cooking loss of the pigs(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in other meat traits and chemical composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle between group B or C and group A(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The addition of arginine and glutamic acid or soybean phospholipid,vitamin E and yeast selenium in diet had no significant effect on the growth rate,slaughter performance and meat traits of long×large binary hybrid pigs.

大蒜素对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验探讨了不同水平的大蒜素对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响,确定大蒜素在育肥猪生产中的最适添加水平。试验选择体重相近的健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪250头,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,大蒜素组育肥猪分别饲喂含有50(试验组1)、100(试验组2)、200(试验组3)、400 mg/kg(试验组4)大蒜素的试验饲粮。预试验1周,正式试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组比较,试验组3和试验组4育肥猪末重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组3的平均日增重提高了11.60%(P<0.05),试验组2和试验组3育肥猪的料重比降低了8.64%和11.96%(P<0.05)。试验组3组育肥猪的宰前活重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组2、试验组3和试验组4育肥猪的胴体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组3和试验组4育肥猪的背最长肌pH值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),滴水损失显著低于对照组和试验组1(P<0.05),肌苷酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组3背最长肌的红度显著高于对照组和试验组1(P<0.05),试验组2、试验组3和试验组4背最长肌的剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组3和试验组4育肥猪背最长肌中的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸及鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在育肥猪饲粮中添加适量的大蒜素可以提高生长性能和屠宰性能,改善肌肉品质,大蒜素的最适添加水平为200 mg/kg。

青贮甘蔗梢替代玉米秸秆对湖羊生长性能、消化代谢及肉品质的影响

[目的]本试验旨在探索青贮甘蔗梢替代青贮玉米秸秆作为肉羊日粮的可行性,并确定最佳的替代比例。[方法]选取3月龄、体重相近[(20.15±2.18)kg]的健康湖羊公羔48只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,分别用青贮甘蔗梢替代0%(对照组)、50%(A组)、75%(B组)、100%(C组)青贮玉米秸秆饲喂,预试期10 d,正试期为60 d。试验开始和结束时测定湖羊生产性能,并采集血液样品进行血清生化分析;饲喂试验结束后,从每组不同重复各选择1只湖羊屠宰,测定其屠宰性能及肉品质;从每组不同重复再挑选3只湖羊进行消化代谢试验,测定养分消化代谢参数。[结果]B组和C组平均日增重、胴体重和屠宰率显著高于A组和对照组(P<0.05);B组和C组氮沉积量显著高于A组和对照组,A组、B组和C组的表观消化能和能量转化率均显著高于对照组;各组间血液生化指标、肉品质及肉营养成分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。青贮甘蔗梢替代75%和100%青贮玉米秸秆可以显著提高湖羊生长性能和屠宰性能,而且对湖羊血清生化指标、组织器官发育和肉品质无不利影响。[结论]青贮甘蔗梢可替代青贮玉米秸秆饲喂肉羊,且最佳替代比例为75%~100%。

全株玉米青贮不同比例替代花生秧对肉羊生产性能及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究全株玉米青贮不同比例替代花生秧对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和营养物质消化率的影响。选取杜寒杂交育肥羊100只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只羊。对照组饲喂含100%花生秧的基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂利用全株玉米青贮替代50%(50%替代组)、75%(75%替代组)、100%(100%替代组)花生秧的试验饲粮,试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,75%替代组可以显著提高肉羊试验期末重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低肉羊试验期料重比(P<0.05),且75%替代组肉羊试验期末重和平均日增重显著高于50%替代组和100%替代组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于100%替代组(P<0.05);75%替代组可以提高肉羊屠宰前活体重(P<0.05)、胴体重(P>0.05)和眼肌面积(P>0.05);3个替代组对肉羊肉品质各项指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);75%替代组可以显著提高肉羊干物质和有机物的表观消化率(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉羊养殖饲粮中应用全株玉米青贮替代75%的花生秧可以提高肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及饲粮中干物质和有机物的表观消化率。

帕米尔牦牛屠宰性能及肉品质分析

为揭示帕米尔牦牛种质资源特性,选取成年公母牛各5头进行屠宰性能及肉品质测定,并与文献报道的查吾拉牦牛、环湖牦牛、大通牦牛、肃南牦牛、金川牦牛、九龙牦牛数据进行比较分析。结果显示,帕米尔牦牛公牛的活重(317.00 kg)、胴体重(164.16 kg)、眼肌面积(45.85 cm^(2))、屠宰率(51.32%)和净肉率(39.56%)比母牛分别高25.79%、29.60%、11.45%、2.23%和0.18%,母牛的肉骨比(4.48)比公牛高12.10%。与其他牦牛品种相比,帕米尔牦牛公牛的活重和胴体重比大通牦牛分别高3.31%和43.01%,比环湖牦牛分别高39.04%和61.10%;屠宰率比大通牦牛、环湖牦牛和查乌拉牦牛分别高13.49%、14.89%和6.01%;净肉率比大通牦牛和环湖牦牛分别高31.38%和15.13%,肉骨比比环湖牦牛高7.53%。帕米尔牦牛公牛肉的熟肉率(62.38%)、pH0值(5.86)、pH24值(5.46)和嫩度(10.04 kgf)比母牦牛分别高1.33%、1.21%、3.80%和9.61%,但母牛肉色的亮度(9.97)、红度(37.14)和黄度(10.73)比公牛分别高23.24%、4.44%和2.68%。帕米尔牦牛公牛肉的氨基酸总量(21.09 g/100 g)比大通牦牛和金川牦牛分别高13.39%和2.08%。帕米尔牦牛公、母牛肉的EAA/TAA均大于38.5%,EAA/NEAA分别为63.87%和63.19%。说明帕米尔牦牛肉不仅氨基酸总量丰富,而且必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸比例适宜。可见,帕米尔牦牛具有良好的屠宰性能及优良的肉品质和营养价值,在今后的品种选育和育肥过程中应该更加重视优质肉块的产量、肉品质及营养价值的整体提升。

温岭草鸡体尺和屠宰性能测定及相关性分析

温岭草鸡是浙江省优质地方品种,具有肉质好、口感佳等特点。本研究随机选择300日龄温岭草鸡公母各15只,进行体尺和屠宰性能测定并作相关性分析。结果显示,温岭草鸡胸深较大,体形紧凑,屠宰性能较好。胫围与屠宰指标相关程度高,除腹脂质量外,体尺与屠宰指标间均存在显著相关。

5个典型体型鹅品种生产性能比较与遗传多样性分析

为掌握我国市场上典型鹅品种的孵化性能、生长速度、屠宰性能以及分子遗传多样性,研究收集霍尔多巴吉鹅(以下简称“霍鹅”)、狮头鹅、扬州鹅、浙东白鹅和太湖鹅5个鹅品种各300个种蛋,开展孵化试验,并进行饲养对比和屠宰试验。结果显示,霍尔多巴吉鹅种蛋受精率最高,达87%;太湖鹅种蛋孵化率最高,为91.03%;狮头鹅生长速度最快,70日龄体重最高,且狮头鹅>霍鹅、浙东白鹅>扬州鹅、太湖鹅。扬州鹅的饲料转化率最高(料肉比为3.1∶1);狮头鹅在体重与屠宰指标上具有明显优势,扬州鹅显著低于浙东白鹅、霍鹅(P<0.05);与其他鹅相比,国外品种霍鹅等位基因数(NO)、平均期望杂合度(He)、多态信息量(PIC)均最低,培育品种扬州鹅遗传多样性最高。研究为优质肉鹅新配套系选育在生长速度、出栏体重、饲料转化效率、群体遗传多样性等方面选择育种素材,提供具体候选品种资源。

不同青贮饲料对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在探讨青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米和青贮饲料桑替代日粮中部分花生秧对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和经济效益的影响。选取杜寒杂交育肥羊80只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别使用青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米和青贮饲料桑替代基础饲粮中60%的花生秧。结果表明:与对照组相比,使用青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米和青贮饲料桑均能显著提高肉羊试验末重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05);使用青贮苜蓿替代饲粮中的花生秧能显著提高肉羊平均日增重(P<0.05);使用青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米和青贮饲料桑替代饲粮中的花生秧均能显著提高肉羊宰前活重、胴体重和眼肌面积(P<0.05);使用青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米和青贮饲料桑替代饲粮中的花生秧均能显著提高肉羊血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),显著降低肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)含量(P<0.05);青贮苜蓿组肉羊的每日利润提高了19.47%。综上所述,肉羊饲粮中用青贮苜蓿、青贮玉米或青贮饲料桑部分替代花生秧可以提高肉羊的生长性能和屠宰性能,改善肉羊机体免疫功能,增加养殖经济效益,以青贮苜蓿的应用效果最佳。

基于文献的屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力比对分析

为评估生猪屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力,基于2019—2023年中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)相关文献数据,利用Excel软件提取数据进行初步整理,采用Stata软件进行数据分析,利用森林图描述非洲猪瘟比对企业符合率和样品符合率及95%置信区间,分析生猪屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力。结果显示:共有10篇文献符合筛选标准,涉及9个省份944个生猪屠宰企业;非洲猪瘟比对的企业符合率为68.9%(95%CI:65.8%~71.8%),样品符合率为90.1%(95%CI:89.3%~91.0%);2021年企业符合率和样品符合率与前两年相比有明显下降趋势,市州/区县级组织比对的企业符合率和样品符合率均低于省级。结果表明:生猪屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力总体不高。建议相关部门加强对生猪屠宰企业落实非洲猪瘟自检和官方兽医驻场检疫“两项制度”的监管,督促企业加强实验室规范化建设,提升检测能力,以有效切断病毒逆向传播,保障生猪养殖业安全生产。

不同组合粗饲料对羔羊生长性能、瘤胃形态及肉品质的影响

为探讨不同组合粗饲料对羔羊生长性能、瘤胃形态及肉质的影响,试验选择1.5月龄左右小尾寒羊48只,随机分为4组。对照组、试验1组、试验2组及试验3组的粗饲料分别为:50%揉丝干秸秆,35%微贮秸秆+15%揉丝干秸秆,35%氨化秸秆+15%揉丝干秸秆,17.5%微贮秸秆+17.5%氨化秸秆+15%揉丝干秸秆。结果表明:平均日增重,试验2组>试验3组>试验1组>对照组,试验2组与试验3组较试验1组分别提高10.78%和14.18%(P<0.05),试验2组与试验3组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他各组均为差异显著(P<0.05)。平均日采食量,试验3组较试验1组及对照组分别升高11.38%和18.20%(P<0.05)。料重比,试验2组较对照组降低13.19%(P<0.05)。瘤胃乳头长度,试验1组和试验3组较对照组分别提高23.39%和36.95%(P<0.05)。瘤胃乳头宽度及肌层厚度,试验3组较对照组提高48.59%和12.95%(P<0.05)。宰前重与眼肌面积,试验3组较对照组提高9.36%和11.74%(P<0.05);胴体重与屠宰率,试验2组及试验3组较对照组分别提高了14.20%、6.21%和17.29%、7.23%(P<0.05);胴体脂肪含量值(GR),试验3组较对照组及试验1组分别降低了24.91%和18.22%(P<0.05)。肌肉亮度L*,试验1组高于对照组9.84%(P<0.05);肌肉红度a*,试验1组较对照组及试验2组分别提高了8.99%和5.75%(P<0.05);剪切力及失水率,试验1组较对照组及试验2组,分别降低了19.02%、8.74%和12.31%、7.23%(P<0.05);熟肉率,试验1组较对照组及试验2组分别提高了7.47%和5.21%(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,氨化秸秆与氨化+微贮秸秆在提高羔羊生长性能方面效果较好;氨化+微贮秸秆在改善羔羊瘤胃形态发育及屠宰率方面效果较好;微贮秸秆在改善羔羊肉品质方面效果更好。