PSI-driven cyclic electron fl ow(CEF-I)helps higher plants avoid severe heat damage.Gelidium amansii,a red seaweed used in the production of agar,inhabits subtidal rocks but can be found in the intertidal zone.The bio...PSI-driven cyclic electron fl ow(CEF-I)helps higher plants avoid severe heat damage.Gelidium amansii,a red seaweed used in the production of agar,inhabits subtidal rocks but can be found in the intertidal zone.The biological role of CEF-I is still unclear in this organism.Wild G.amansii was exposed to 30℃heat stress for 12 h with continuous lighting.The results showed that treatment at 30℃gradually decreased maximal PSII photochemical effi ciency(F_(v)/F_(m)),linear electron transfer rate,and activity of photosynthetic reaction center.Both the maximal photochemical effi ciency under light(F_(v)'/F_(m)')and maximum quantum yield of light-adapted PSII(Φ_(PSII))were maintained at a relatively stable level during the initial 6 h and then signifi cantly decreased at 12 h.The up-regulated CEF-I helps to enhance proton gradient transfer across thylakoid membrane to protect oxygen-evolving complex against heat damage.Following the addition of a CEF-I inhibitor to plants,the F_(v)/F m greatly decreased,suggesting that the CEF-I alleviates degree of photoinhibition caused by strong light.The results of measurement of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and catalase(CAT),and the contents of H_(2)O_(2)and malonaldehyde(MDA)provided additional evidence that CEF-I plays a protective role to a certain extent for G.amansii to manage stress at 30℃.Therefore,it can be concluded that CEF-I enables G.amansii to survive in intertidal zones by protecting it from the heat damage caused by high temperature stress.展开更多
Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and efficient.In this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSP...Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and efficient.In this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac was proposed and combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay,named“Dual-RPA-LFD”,to visualize the dual detection of genetically modified(GM)crops.In which,the herbicide tolerance gene CP4-EPSPS and the insect resistance gene Cry1Ab/Ac were selected as targets taking into account the current status of the most widespread application of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits and their stacked traits.Gradient diluted plasmids,transgenic standards,and actual samples were used as templates to conduct sensitivity,specificity,and practicality assays,respectively.The constructed method achieved the visual detection of plasmid at levels as low as 100 copies,demonstrating its high sensitivity.In addition,good applicability to transgenic samples was observed,with no cross-interference between two test lines and no influence from other genes.In conclusion,this strategy achieved the expected purpose of simultaneous detection of the two popular targets in GM crops within 20 min at 37°C in a rapid,equipmentfree field manner,providing a new alternative for rapid screening for transgenic assays in the field.展开更多
Ensuring a stable power output from renewable energy sources,such as wind and solar energy,depends on the development of large-scale and long-duration energy storage devices.Zinc–bromine fl ow batteries(ZBFBs)have em...Ensuring a stable power output from renewable energy sources,such as wind and solar energy,depends on the development of large-scale and long-duration energy storage devices.Zinc–bromine fl ow batteries(ZBFBs)have emerged as cost-eff ective and high-energy-density solutions,replacing expensive all-vanadium fl ow batteries.However,uneven Zn deposition during charging results in the formation of problematic Zn dendrites,leading to mass transport polarization and self-discharge.Stable Zn plating and stripping are essential for the successful operation of high-areal-capacity ZBFBs.In this study,we successfully synthesized nitrogen and oxygen co-doped functional carbon felt(NOCF4)electrode through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine,followed by calcination under ambient conditions.The NOCF4 electrode eff ectively facilitates effi cient“shuttle deposition”of Zn during charging,signifi cantly enhancing the areal capacity of the electrode.Remarkably,ZBFBs utilizing NOCF4 as the anode material exhibited stable cycling performance for 40 cycles(approximately 240 h)at an areal capacity of 60 mA h/cm^(2).Even at a high areal capacity of 130 mA h/cm^(2),an impressive energy effi ciency of 76.98%was achieved.These fi ndings provide a promising pathway for the development of high-areal-capacity ZBFBs for advanced energy storage systems.展开更多
AIM:To determine the effect of pituitary adenylate cy-clase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on left gastric artery (LGA) flow and to unveil the structural or functional important sites that may be critical for discrimi...AIM:To determine the effect of pituitary adenylate cy-clase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on left gastric artery (LGA) flow and to unveil the structural or functional important sites that may be critical for discrimination of different receptor subtypes. METHODS: Peptides, including PACAP-27, PACAP-38, amino acid substituted PACAP-27 and C-terminus truncated analogues PACAP (27-38), were synthesized by a simultaneous multiple solid-phase peptide synthesizer. Flow probes of an ultrasound transit-time blood flowmeter were placed around the LGA of beagle dogs. Whenpeptides were infused intravenously, the blood flow was measured.RESULTS: [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 caused a concentration-dependent vasodepressor action which was similar to that caused by PACAP-27. The LGA blood flow response to [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 was significantly higher than that to PACAP-27, which was similar to that to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at the same dose. [Ala6]-PACAP-27 did not increase the peak LGA ? ow. [Gly8]-PACAP-27 showed a similar activity to VIP. [Asn24, Ser25, Ile26]-PACAP-27 did not change the activity of peptides at all doses. CONCLUSION: NH2 terminus is more important to biological activity of peptides and specifi c receptor recognition than COOH-terminus.展开更多
A three-dimensional multicomponent multiphase lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)is established to model the coupled two-phase and reactive transport phenomena in the cathode electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells....A three-dimensional multicomponent multiphase lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)is established to model the coupled two-phase and reactive transport phenomena in the cathode electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.The gas diff usion layer(GDL)and microporous layer(MPL)are stochastically reconstructed with the inside dynamic distribution of oxygen and liquid water resolved,and the catalyst layer is simplifi ed as a superthin layer to address the electrochemical reaction,which provides a clear description of the fl ooding eff ect on mass transport and performance.Diff erent kinds of electrodes are reconstructed to determine the optimum porosity and structure design of the GDL and MPL by comparing the transport resistance and per-formance under the fl ooding condition.The simulation results show that gradient porosity GDL helps to increase the reactive area and average concentration under fl ooding.The presence of the MPL ensures the oxygen transport space and reaction area because liquid water cannot transport through micropores.Moreover,the MPL helps in the uniform distribution of oxygen for an effi cient in-plane transport capacity.Crack and perforation structures can accelerate the water transport in the assembly.The systematic perforation design yields the best performance under fl ooding by separating the transport of liquid water and oxygen.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0900700)。
文摘PSI-driven cyclic electron fl ow(CEF-I)helps higher plants avoid severe heat damage.Gelidium amansii,a red seaweed used in the production of agar,inhabits subtidal rocks but can be found in the intertidal zone.The biological role of CEF-I is still unclear in this organism.Wild G.amansii was exposed to 30℃heat stress for 12 h with continuous lighting.The results showed that treatment at 30℃gradually decreased maximal PSII photochemical effi ciency(F_(v)/F_(m)),linear electron transfer rate,and activity of photosynthetic reaction center.Both the maximal photochemical effi ciency under light(F_(v)'/F_(m)')and maximum quantum yield of light-adapted PSII(Φ_(PSII))were maintained at a relatively stable level during the initial 6 h and then signifi cantly decreased at 12 h.The up-regulated CEF-I helps to enhance proton gradient transfer across thylakoid membrane to protect oxygen-evolving complex against heat damage.Following the addition of a CEF-I inhibitor to plants,the F_(v)/F m greatly decreased,suggesting that the CEF-I alleviates degree of photoinhibition caused by strong light.The results of measurement of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and catalase(CAT),and the contents of H_(2)O_(2)and malonaldehyde(MDA)provided additional evidence that CEF-I plays a protective role to a certain extent for G.amansii to manage stress at 30℃.Therefore,it can be concluded that CEF-I enables G.amansii to survive in intertidal zones by protecting it from the heat damage caused by high temperature stress.
基金supported by the Scientific and Innovative Action Plan of Shanghai(21N31900800)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23QB1403500)+4 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1443000)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,the Belt and Road Project(20310750500)Talent Project of SAAS(2023-2025)Runup Plan of SAAS(ZP22211)the SAAS Program for Excellent Research Team(2022(B-16))。
文摘Traditional transgenic detection methods require high test conditions and struggle to be both sensitive and efficient.In this study,a one-tube dual recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)reaction system for CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac was proposed and combined with a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay,named“Dual-RPA-LFD”,to visualize the dual detection of genetically modified(GM)crops.In which,the herbicide tolerance gene CP4-EPSPS and the insect resistance gene Cry1Ab/Ac were selected as targets taking into account the current status of the most widespread application of insect resistance and herbicide tolerance traits and their stacked traits.Gradient diluted plasmids,transgenic standards,and actual samples were used as templates to conduct sensitivity,specificity,and practicality assays,respectively.The constructed method achieved the visual detection of plasmid at levels as low as 100 copies,demonstrating its high sensitivity.In addition,good applicability to transgenic samples was observed,with no cross-interference between two test lines and no influence from other genes.In conclusion,this strategy achieved the expected purpose of simultaneous detection of the two popular targets in GM crops within 20 min at 37°C in a rapid,equipmentfree field manner,providing a new alternative for rapid screening for transgenic assays in the field.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Higher Education Institution of China(2023AH051318).
文摘Ensuring a stable power output from renewable energy sources,such as wind and solar energy,depends on the development of large-scale and long-duration energy storage devices.Zinc–bromine fl ow batteries(ZBFBs)have emerged as cost-eff ective and high-energy-density solutions,replacing expensive all-vanadium fl ow batteries.However,uneven Zn deposition during charging results in the formation of problematic Zn dendrites,leading to mass transport polarization and self-discharge.Stable Zn plating and stripping are essential for the successful operation of high-areal-capacity ZBFBs.In this study,we successfully synthesized nitrogen and oxygen co-doped functional carbon felt(NOCF4)electrode through the oxidative polymerization of dopamine,followed by calcination under ambient conditions.The NOCF4 electrode eff ectively facilitates effi cient“shuttle deposition”of Zn during charging,signifi cantly enhancing the areal capacity of the electrode.Remarkably,ZBFBs utilizing NOCF4 as the anode material exhibited stable cycling performance for 40 cycles(approximately 240 h)at an areal capacity of 60 mA h/cm^(2).Even at a high areal capacity of 130 mA h/cm^(2),an impressive energy effi ciency of 76.98%was achieved.These fi ndings provide a promising pathway for the development of high-areal-capacity ZBFBs for advanced energy storage systems.
基金Supported by (in part) Grants from Ministry of Education,Culture,Science,and Technology,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Special Fund of Six-Talented Peak of Jiangsu Province,No.07-B-15 (IB07)
文摘AIM:To determine the effect of pituitary adenylate cy-clase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on left gastric artery (LGA) flow and to unveil the structural or functional important sites that may be critical for discrimination of different receptor subtypes. METHODS: Peptides, including PACAP-27, PACAP-38, amino acid substituted PACAP-27 and C-terminus truncated analogues PACAP (27-38), were synthesized by a simultaneous multiple solid-phase peptide synthesizer. Flow probes of an ultrasound transit-time blood flowmeter were placed around the LGA of beagle dogs. Whenpeptides were infused intravenously, the blood flow was measured.RESULTS: [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 caused a concentration-dependent vasodepressor action which was similar to that caused by PACAP-27. The LGA blood flow response to [Ala4, Val5]-PACAP-27 was significantly higher than that to PACAP-27, which was similar to that to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at the same dose. [Ala6]-PACAP-27 did not increase the peak LGA ? ow. [Gly8]-PACAP-27 showed a similar activity to VIP. [Asn24, Ser25, Ile26]-PACAP-27 did not change the activity of peptides at all doses. CONCLUSION: NH2 terminus is more important to biological activity of peptides and specifi c receptor recognition than COOH-terminus.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42174161 and 41974123)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2023D005).
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51976138)National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(No.NELMS2019A10).
文摘A three-dimensional multicomponent multiphase lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)is established to model the coupled two-phase and reactive transport phenomena in the cathode electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.The gas diff usion layer(GDL)and microporous layer(MPL)are stochastically reconstructed with the inside dynamic distribution of oxygen and liquid water resolved,and the catalyst layer is simplifi ed as a superthin layer to address the electrochemical reaction,which provides a clear description of the fl ooding eff ect on mass transport and performance.Diff erent kinds of electrodes are reconstructed to determine the optimum porosity and structure design of the GDL and MPL by comparing the transport resistance and per-formance under the fl ooding condition.The simulation results show that gradient porosity GDL helps to increase the reactive area and average concentration under fl ooding.The presence of the MPL ensures the oxygen transport space and reaction area because liquid water cannot transport through micropores.Moreover,the MPL helps in the uniform distribution of oxygen for an effi cient in-plane transport capacity.Crack and perforation structures can accelerate the water transport in the assembly.The systematic perforation design yields the best performance under fl ooding by separating the transport of liquid water and oxygen.
