Regulating the Localization of Intumescent Flame Retardant for Improving the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate Copolymer Using Polyamide 6 as a Charring Agent

Polyamide 6 (PA6) was employed as a charring agent of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to improve the flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). Different processing procedures were used to regulate the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix. Localizations in which IFR was dispersed in the PA6phase or in the EVA phase were prepared. The effect of the localization of IFR on the flame retardancy of EVA was investigated. The limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94) and cone calorimeter test (CCT)showed that the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix exhibited a remarkable influence on the flame retardancy.Compared with EVA/IFR, a weak improvement in the flame retardancy was observed in the EVA/PA6/IFR blend withthe localization of IFR in the PA6 phase. When IFR was regulated from the PA6 phase to the EVA matrix,a remarkable increase in the flame retardancy was exhibited. The LOI was increased from 27.8%to 32.7%, and the UL 94 vertical rating was increased from V-2 to V-0. Moreover, an approximately 41.36%decrease in the peak heat release rate was exhibited. A continuous and compact intumescent charring layer that formed in the blends with the localization of IFR in the EVA matrix should be responsible for its excellent flame retardancy.

Flame Retardant and Pyrolytic Behaviors of Polyamide 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

Na +-montmorillonite(Na +-MMT) was converted to organic montmorillonite(OMMT) using modifier which was synthesized at authors’ laboratory. PA6/OMMT nanocomposite was prepared via in situ intercalative polymerization. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94V flame retardancy and thermal stability of PA6/OMMT using thermal gravity analysis (TGA) were measured. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique was used to analyze the pyrolytic residuum and the cone calorimeter (CONE) was applied to determine a number of combustion parameters which were closely related to fire safety, including heat release rate, mass loss rate, effective combustion heat, total heat release, specific extinction area and the time of ignition. In addition, the elemental composition of the surface pyrolytic residuum and the corresponding X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were obtained, and the morphology of the residuum from CONE measurement was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Risk Points of Flame Retardant Textiles by Halogen and Halogen-Free Laminating Film

This study was to develop the flame retardant (FR) protective clothing which had multifunction such anti-bacterial, UV cut, FR function with water repellent and water vapor permeable laminating textiles for industrial workers. First of all, the FR yarn and FR textiles were developed for this purpose. Second, the comparison analysis between the halogen laminating textiles and halogen-free laminating textiles were tested to figure out the eco-friendly laminating method. Third, the flame retardant ability was compared the halogen laminated textiles to halogen-free laminated textiles. LOI, UV protection ratio, antibiosis after 50 laundry test, water proof pressure, and moisture permeability of developed textiles were tested. GC-HR-TOF-MS was used for analysis of laminating film (halogen and halogen-free). 4.1 wt% TiO2 yarn showed antibacterial function (Pneumococcus & Staphylococcus aureus: 99.9%), UV Protection (UVA: 90.8, UVB: 92.1), and LOI (33.6). The chosen optimal compounding ratio for PU compound of HRF and HFFR were as followed: PU resin 58.3%, DMF (Dimethyl formamide, δ = 12.2) 8.3%, MEK (Methylethylketone) 8.3% and FR (flame retardants) 25.0%. Binder for laminating should not be included over 10% of FRs because of adhesion between textiles and FR laminating film. There were detected phosphorus compounds in the textiles treated by halogenated type flame retardants and halogenated-free type flame retardants. There were not any detected harmful compounds from all textile samples.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

Increasing the Burned Time and Mechanical Properties with New Mix As Flame Retardant Based in Hexametaphosphate of Sodium and Borax in Textile 100% Acrylic Fabrics

It has been worked with textile fabrics of Acrylic 100 % , that have as final use the Tapestry, this fabrics have been impregnated with a two products flame retardant: Commercial Retardant, which is formed by a combination of a resin polymeric and acid phosphoric and Borax (Na2B4O5(OH)4.8H2O) with Sodium Hexametaphosphate (Na16P14O43). These Retardants?? has the advantage of the fact that it can be applied to the substrates mixed with water in the relation 1:1, 1:2 or pure. In order to reduce the flammability, Textile fabrics are coated with flame retardants. The flame retardant capabilities, mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the textile fabrics before and after the use of these products were investigated throughout the special textile methods for inflammability and mechanical resistibility. After the use of the flame retardants the mechanical properties of the fabrics were improved or at least remained the same as compared to fabrics without any treatment. The use of Borax / Sodium Hexametaphosphate /Water results in the essential increase of combustion retardation time about 2 minutes as compared with 8 seconds for untreated fabrics.

Combustion Properties of Textiles Applied in Tibet Ancient Buildings and Their Clean Flame Retarding Designs

In the Tibet ancient buildings, there are large amounts of combustible decorative textiles that pose great potential fire hazards. Some typical textile samples were collected from the Potala Palace. Their combustion properties were analyzed by UL 94 Vertical Burning test and Limiting Oxygen Index test. The effects of plateau climate on combustion properties, an important fact required to be considered in the flame retarding design for combustible textiles, were preliminarily compared via test data in the plain and those in the plateau. Based on the foregoing analyses, some thoughts were presented on the clean and feasible flame retarding means for the decorative textiles due to their special applications in Tibet, in ancient buildings and in plateau climate. The fire resistance, weather resistance, UV resistance, endurance, ornamentation and religious performances for these textiles must be taken into considerations comprehensively in the designs.

Flame Retardancy, Smoke Suppression Effect and Mechanism of Aryl Phosphates in Combination with Magnesium Hydroxide in Polyamide 6

The flammability, smoke emission behavior and mechanical properties of two oligomeric aryl phosphates [bisphenol A bis（diphenyl phosphate） （BDP） and resorcinol bis（diphenyl phosphate） （RDP）] combined with magnesium hydroxide （MH） in polyamide 6 （PA6） have been investigated. Combining 5 wt% BDP, 50 wt% MH imparts a limiting oxygen index （LOI） of 40.9% and UL94 V-0 rating to PA6, meanwhile the peak rate of smoke release （pRSR）, total release of smoke （TSR） and Izod notched impact strength are 41%, 33% and 233% relative to the corresponding value of 55 wt% MH without BDP, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA） indicates that the improvement of toughness attributes to the enhanced compatibility between MH and PA6 by adding BDP. Furthermore, based on the comprehensive analysis of thermogravimetry （TG）, cone calorimeter and SEM-EDX investigations, possible flame retardancy and smoke suppression mechanisms were revealed. Besides the fuel dilution and barrier effect of MH, the combination of MH and RDP shows an additional flame inhibition effect. The combination of MH and BDP results in a dominant condensed phase barrier effect which leads to obvious reduction on smoke emission and flammability.

STUDY OF FLAME RETARDING FINISH OF POLYPROPYLENE / VISCOSE BLEND FABRICS

The combustion mechanisms of PP / Viscose blend fabrics are briefly discussed, and the factors affecting flame retarding(FR) effect are analyzed. Apart from this, the choice of processes of FR finish is also discussed in this paper. Other factors such as coating add-on, curing temperature and time are studied too. The results show that the factors above all have different extent of influence upon FR effect.

抗熔滴型多元有机硅阻燃剂整理锦纶6织物的制备及其性能

为提升锦纶6织物阻燃性能,基于水解缩合反应原理,开发设计多元协效抗熔滴型含磷席夫碱基有机硅阻燃剂,并采用浸渍法对锦纶6织物进行阻燃整理。借助红外光谱、热重分析仪、微型燃烧量热仪、极限氧指数仪、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱及热裂解气质联用仪等技术分别对阻燃锦纶6织物的化学结构、热稳定性、燃烧行为及其燃烧后炭化层与气相热解产物系统研究。结果表明:阻燃锦纶6织物的炭化能力及阻燃性能有效提升,其残炭率可增加至33.9%,且在火焰移开后可快速实现自熄,并未有熔滴产生;相较于锦纶6织物,阻燃锦纶6织物的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)及总释热量(THR)分别下降23.8%及20.4%,火灾安全性有效提升;经水洗20次后,阻燃锦纶6织物仍可实现自熄,其PHRR及THR值相较于锦纶6织物,仍分别下降了14.1%及13.6%。

阻燃腈纶/酚醛树脂纤维织物的制备及其性能

为解决酚醛树脂纤维因强力低、纯纺难度大等限制其在服用领域发展的问题,以20∶80、40∶60、60∶40和80∶20的4种比例将酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺,以平纹组织结构进行织物的开发与制备,并表征织物的阻燃性能及服用性能。结果表明:所开发的4种混纺比例织物的损毁长度均小于10 cm,无阴燃和熔融滴落现象;随着酚醛树脂纤维比例的增加,织物续燃时间逐渐减少,拉伸断裂强力逐渐下降,透气性能逐渐降低;且混纺比为40∶60、60∶40和80∶20的酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺织物的热阻、导湿性和耐磨性并无显著性差异;酚醛树脂纤维与阻燃腈纶混纺比为40∶60和60∶40织物满足阻燃纺织品的需求,且服用性能好,制备的织物可为后续开发酚醛树脂服用产品提供参考和借鉴。

不同阻燃剂对尼龙材料加工改性的研究进展

尼龙具有优异的力学性能以及耐腐蚀、耐油性、耐热性等优点,可广泛应用于军工、深海等高端领域。但尼龙材料具有可燃性,在燃烧过程中会产生大量的烟雾、有毒气体和熔体滴落,对人类的生命和财产造成损害。总结了阻燃尼龙基体的加工方式和卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂等常用传统阻燃剂改性尼龙材料的技术发展、应用和困境,分析不同种类阻燃剂对尼龙性能的影响机制,并重点论述了生物基阻燃剂及碳基阻燃剂2种先进尼龙阻燃改性方法的优势、发展及潜在应用。

GMA改性磷酸腺苷的制备及其对棉织物的阻燃整理

采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)分别对一磷酸腺苷(AMP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)进行改性,制得了3种带有不饱和双键的阻燃单体AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA、ATP-m-GMA;然后通过紫外光接枝法将3种阻燃单体分别接枝到棉织物上,制备了光接枝AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA和ATP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物;对3种阻燃单体进行了结构表征和热稳定性分析,并探究了3种阻燃单体光接枝阻燃棉织物的热稳定性、阻燃性能、燃烧行为和残炭结构。结果表明,3种磷酸腺苷通过GMA环氧基开环引入不饱和双键,且具有良好的热稳定性。相比于原棉织物,3种阻燃棉织物的最大热降解速率分别降低了60.0%、52.0%、60.0%,极限氧指数由16.1%分别提升到25.4%、27.4%、26.4%,织物热释放速率(HRR)分别下降了15.09%、60.47%、37.82%,说明3种磷酸腺苷阻燃单体均有助于棉织物形成致密炭层,阻止热量扩散,获得良好的阻燃效果。其中,光接枝ADP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物的增重率可达22.4%,燃烧后损毁长度缩短至14.2 cm,表现出更优异的阻燃性能。

双DOPO结构化合物的合成及对PET织物阻燃性能与机理

为提高对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)织物的阻燃抗熔滴性能,以9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和对二甲醛(TDCA)合成了一种双DOPO结构的磷系阻燃剂(TDCA-DOPO),将其与三聚氰胺(MEL)复配,然后采用聚氨酯作为涂层剂,得到阻燃涂层剂用于PET织物阻燃。结果表明,当两种阻燃剂的质量比为2∶1,总添加量为20%时,极限氧指数提高到28.5%,在垂直燃烧试验中,阻燃涂层抑制了PET织物燃烧时熔滴滴落现象。SEM和EDS的结果显示,阻燃涂层在PET织物上均匀分布。从氮气气氛中的热重分析来看,阻燃PET织物在较高温度区的残炭率由6.5%增加到11.7%。残炭的SEM结果显示阻燃涂层促进PET织物形成膨胀性炭层。根据热裂解气相色谱、残炭的Raman和XPS数据分析结果,复合阻燃涂层在气相上生成含磷碎片与不可燃气体,并促进PET织物形成膨胀致密的炭层,同时具有气相与凝聚相阻燃效果。本研究内容可为PET阻燃抗熔滴剂的开发提供指导。

壳聚糖基膨胀阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物的制备及其性能

为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。

含磷氮水性聚氨酯的制备及其在涤纶织物阻燃整理中应用

为提高水性聚氨酯(WPU)整理涤纶织物的阻燃效果,以含磷、氮希夫碱衍生物阻燃剂(DOPO-HAMB)为扩链剂合成本质阻燃WPU(FRWPU),通过浸渍法将FRWPU涂敷到涤纶织物表面,研究DOPO-HAMB在FRWPU中的质量百分比对热分解性能、阻燃性能、力学性能和耐水洗性能的影响。结果表明:与原涤纶织物相比,整理后涤纶织物最大热失重速率降低,降低幅度随DOPO-HAMB质量百分比的增加而增加;极限氧指数(LOI)提高至24.5%,比原涤纶织物提高了7.4%;垂直燃烧测试中的黑色烟雾减少,且损毁长度降低至9.7 cm;经向和纬向断裂强力、纬向断裂伸长率与原涤纶织物相比有所提升,而经向断裂伸长率有所降低;50次水洗后的LOI值为21.2%,仍然明显高于原涤纶织物。

无卤阻燃剂改性聚酰胺6的研究进展

综述了无卤阻燃剂改性聚酰胺6(PA6)的研究进展,主要包括无卤有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂和复配阻燃剂对PA6的阻燃改性及其阻燃机理。介绍了有机阻燃剂分子的合成,分析了阻燃剂配比及含量对PA6阻燃改性性能的影响,探讨了不同阻燃剂阻燃改性的优缺点,对开发综合性能优异的无卤阻燃PA6具有重要的指导作用。

阻燃隔热防护面料的泡沫整理制备

开发成本低廉的阻燃隔热面料,替代价格昂贵的高性能纤维面料,对于家庭用消防装具的普及和降低消防服装成本有着积极意义。文中在对无机纳米颗粒材料进行表面结构调控和对玻璃纤维进行表面处理的基础上,由泡沫整理实现玻璃纤维织物上黏弹性材料的薄层涂敷,通过对氢氧化铝和玻纤织物的表面处理,在玻纤织物表面应用足量隔热材料时,保证氢氧化铝与有机聚合物材料在玻纤织物表面的耐摩擦牢度和面料的阻燃性能及热防护性能达到要求。结果表明,制备得到的阻燃隔热防护面料,燃烧后碳长2.0mm,阴燃及续燃时间为0,且没有溶滴产生;面料热防护性能为35.80J/cm^(2)·s,达到芳纶的热防护水平;面料功能层的干摩为4级,湿摩为3级。

基于再生对苯二甲酸二甲酯制备阻燃聚酯纤维

文中以再生对苯二甲酸二甲酯(r-DMT)和乙二醇(EG)为原料、以2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPPA)为阻燃剂,采取共聚合的策略合成了阻燃再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(rFR-PET)切片,并通过熔融纺丝技术制备了83 dtex/36 f规格的阻燃再生聚酯纤维。研究发现,CEPPA的引入使得聚酯的缩聚变得困难,阻燃再生PET相较于未改性的再生PET端羧基含量增大、二甘醇含量降低、亮度L值下降、黄蓝色度b值增大、热稳定性和结晶性下降。通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试和垂直燃烧性能(UL-94)分析得知,再生PET经阻燃改性后,LOI值由22.1%提高至32.7%,UL-94垂直燃烧等级从V-2级提升至V-0级,阻燃性能大幅提升。阻燃再生PET切片可纺性优异,通过熔融纺丝工艺制备的纤维具有良好的力学性能。为利用r-DMT开发下游高值化再生聚酯材料提供了有益参考。

磷-氮-硅协同阻燃/抗菌涤棉织物的制备与性能

为实现涤棉织物的阻燃/抗菌协同整理,以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)为反应物,分别合成了八氨丙基八硅倍半氧烷和2-氯乙基DOPO,通过轧烘焙方法将其整理到涤棉织物上,并对其进行氯化处理。结果表明:阻燃/抗菌整理涤棉织物的阻燃等级达到B1级;整理后未氯化的织物在30 min接触时间内对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的对数减少值分别达到2.56 log和2.06 log,而经氯化处理后其能够在1 min的接触时间内杀灭接种的细菌,表现出迅速且优异的抗菌性能。

含氮磷硅阻燃非离子水性聚氨酯在皮革涂饰中应用

将1,3,5-三(2-羟乙基)氰尿酸、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷等合成的阻燃非离子水性聚氨酯用于皮革涂饰中,对其进行阻燃测试,通过垂直燃烧(UL-94)、极限氧指数(LOI)、扫描电镜、X射线光谱等测试发现,在中涂步骤加入100份数的阻燃非离子水性聚氨酯处理过的皮革氧指数可达到23.3%,垂直燃烧可到V-0的级别,结合皮革耐磨耗的基本性能指标表明,制备的阻燃聚氨酯在保持皮革耐磨耗性能和美观的同时,阻燃性能也能大幅提高。