Sandwich structures with tapered tubes as core:A quasi-static investigation

In this article,the experimental and finite element analysis is utilized to investigate the quasi-static compression features of sandwich constructions built with tapered tubes.3D printing technology was utilized to create the hollow centers of the tapering tubes,with and without corrugations.The results demonstrate that the energy absorption(EA)and specific energy absorption(SEA)of the single corrugated tapered tube sandwich are 51.6% and 19.8% higher,respectively,than those of the conical tube sandwich.Furthermore,the results demonstrate that energy absorbers can benefit from corrugation in order to increase their efficiency.Additionally,the tapered corrugated tubes'resistance to oblique impacts was studied.Compared to a straight tube,the tapered tube is more resistant to oblique loads and has a lower initial peak crushing force(PCF),according to numerical simulations.After conducting a parametric study,it was discovered that the energy absorption performance of the sandwich construction is significantly affected by the amplitude,number of corrugations,and wall thickness.EA and SEA of DTS with corrugation number of 8 increased by 17.4%and 29.6%,respectively,while PCF decreased by 9.2% compared to DTS with corrugation number of 10.

Seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular arch structures

Shaking table tests of a 1:10 scale arch model performed to investigate the seismic behavior and resistance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) arch structures are described in this paper. The El-Centro record and Shanghai artificial wave were adopted as the input excitation. The entire test process can be divided into three stages depending on the lateral brace configurations, i.e., fully (five) braced, two braces removed, and all braces removed. A total of 46 tests, starting from the elastic state to failure condition, have been conducted. The natural vibration frequencies, responses of acceleration, displacement and strain were measured. From the test results, it is demonstrated that the CFT arch structures are capable of resisting severe ground motions and that CFT arches offer a credible alternative to reinforced concrete arches, especially in regions of high seismic intensity.

Crashworthiness Design and Multi-Objective Optimization for Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Thin-Walled Structures

Thin-walled structures have been used in many fields due to their superior mechanical properties.In this paper,two types of hierarchical multi-cell tubes,inspired by the self-similarity of Pinus sylvestris,are proposed to enhance structural energy absorption performance.The finite element models of the hierarchical structures are established to validate the crashworthiness performance under axial dynamic load.The theoreticalmodel of themean crushing force is also derived based on the simplified super folded element theory.The finite element results demonstrate that the energy absorption characteristics and deformation mode of the bionic hierarchical thin-walled tubes are further improved with the increase of hierarchical sub-structures.It can be also obtained that the energy absorption performance of corner self-similar tubes is better than edge self-similar tubes.Furthermore,multiobjective optimization of the hierarchical tubes is constructed by employing the response surface method and genetic algorithm,and the corresponding Pareto front diagram is obtained.This research provides a new idea for the crashworthiness design of thin-walled structures.

A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure for high power Ka-band traveling-wave tubes

A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure （SWS） is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube （TWT）. This novel structure, which has higher heat capacity than a conven- tional helix SWS, evolves from conventional helix SWS with three parallel rows of rectangular slots made in the outside of the helix tape. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this novel structure operating in the Ka-band are investigated. From our calculations, when the designed beam voltage and beam current are set to be 18.45 kV and 0.2 A, respectively, this novel circuit can produce over 700-W average output power in a frequency range from 27.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz, and the corresponding conversion efficiency values vary from 19% to 21.3%, and the maximum output power is 787 W at 30 GHz.

Performance-based global reliability assessment of a high-rise frame-core tube structure subjected to multi-dimensional stochastic earthquakes

When evaluating the seismic safety and reliability of complex engineering structures,it is a critical problem to reasonably consider the randomness and multi-dimensional nature of ground motions.To this end,a proposed modeling strategy of multi-dimensional stochastic earthquakes is addressed in this study.This improved seismic model has several merits that enable it to better provide seismic analyses of structures.Specifically,at first,the ground motion model is compatible with the design response spectrum.Secondly,the evolutionary power spectrum involved in the model and the design response spectrum are constructed accordingly with sufficient consideration of the correlation between different seismic components.Thirdly,the random function-based dimension-reduction representation is applied,by which seismic modeling is established,with three elementary random variables.Numerical simulations of multi-dimensional stochastic ground motions in a specific design scenario indicate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling strategy.Moreover,the multi-dimensional seismic response and the global reliability of a high-rise frame-core tube structure is discussed in detail to further illustrate the engineering applicability of the proposed method.The analytical investigations demonstrate that the suggested stochastic model of multi-dimensional ground motion is available for accurate seismic response analysis and dynamic reliability assessment of complex engineering structures for performance-based seismic resistance design.

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete tube in tube structure

Super-highly reinforced concrete tube in tube structure is a developing structure system of high-rise building. The more reasonable derivation process of the multi-vertical-line-element model stiffness matrix is given.On the premise of pointing out the problems of present multi-spring element model, combined with present multivertical-line-element model for analyzing on shear wall, the model is expanded to spatial one, and the stiffness matrix of which is derived. Combined with hysteretic axial model and hysteretic shear model, it is suitable for columns,wall limbs and beams with all kinds of section form. Some examples are calculated and compared with test results,which shows that the models have relatively good accuracy. On the base of the experimental phenomenon and failure mechanism for tube in tube structure specimen, nonlinear seismic responses analysis program on the basis of the advantaged element model for tube in tube structure is developed. Calculation results are in good agreement with those of the pseudo-dynamic tests and the failure mechanism can be well reflected.

STRESS ANALYSIS OF RING STIFFENED TUBULAR JOINTS FOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES——REVIEW OF STUDIES IN CHINA

In China, the stress analysis of tubular joints for offshore structures was started at the end of 1970's. In addition to simple joints, the ring stiffened tubular joint have been analyzed recently. In this paper, the author reviews the research work of stress analysis of ring stiffened joints, including brief introduction to the methods used, stress concentration behaviour, effects of ring stiffeners' number, location, dimension, type and stress distribution of ring stiffeners. Emperical formulae for predicting SCF of ring stiffened joints are also presented.

THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE BIFURCATION OF VORTEXES STRUCTURE FOR FLOW IN CURVED TUBE

The number and distribution of the singular points of streamlines in the cross-section of steady flow through a curved tube ate discussed by using the method of topological structure analysis. And a theoretical criterion is obtained for the bifurcation of flow vortexes for the secondary flow turning from two-vortex structure into four-vortex structure. Furthermore, the critical Dean number for bifurcation and the semi-analytical expressions of stream function and axial velocity are given by using Galerkin technique. The result of calculation is consistent with the theoretical criterion.

Effects of Heat Exchange Tube Structural Parameters on Performance of Vehicle Radiator

In order to improve the performance of vehicle radiators, a two-dimensional heat transfer steady-state model of the radiator was set up. The influence of the structural parameters (axial ratio) of the heat exchange tube on the windward side on the heat transfer performance of the radiator was studied. With the increase of the axial ratio of the heat exchange tube on the windward side, the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange tube surface slightly decreases. The heat exchange area increases significantly, which increases the total heat exchange of the radiator and improves the heat transfer performance of the radiator. When the axial ratio increases from 1.0 to 2.0, the average surface heat transfer capacity decreases from 5664.16 W/m2 to 5623.57 W/m2.

大截面变化率铝合金异形管整体液力成形工艺设计与优化

目的针对某大截面变化率空心构件成形难的问题,采用液力成形的方法进行成形并对其生产工艺进行优化。方法首先针对目标零件,通过压扁截面处对称及圆截面处对称2种不同的对称方式设计了A型结构和B型结构,通过有限元模拟对比了同一加载路径下2种不同结构的成形特点,选取了成形效果较好的A型结构进行成形工艺研究,建立了A型结构的成形分区图,继而根据成形分区图进行了正交试验设计。结果在同一种加载路径下,A型结构成形的目标零件最大减薄率明显小于B型结构成形的目标零件最大减薄率,且在成形过程中,B型结构压扁特征处易出现褶皱或起皱趋势,而A型结构压扁特征处壁厚分布更加均匀,A型结构成形效果优于B型结构成形效果。优化后的工艺参数如下:压制压力为2 MPa、初始压力为7 MPa、成形压力为15 MPa、轴向进给为13 mm,成形零件最大减薄率为15.9%。结论经成形分区图指导设计的正交成形试验结果均符合设计要求,成形分区图的设立对成形试验的设计具有指导作用;采用优化后的工艺参数获得了较好的试验效果,可为工业生产提供指导。

带拼接板螺栓连接耗能梁段的可恢复功能钢框筒结构抗震性能研究

为了提升传统钢框筒结构的延性和耗能能力,提出采用拼接板螺栓连接的可恢复功能剪切耗能型钢框筒结构(FTS-SRSL),该结构结合了可更换剪切型耗能梁段和钢框筒结构具有良好的抗震性能。该文对一个2/3缩尺的单层单跨FTS-SRSL子结构试件进行了往复加载试验,试验结果表明,FTS-SRSL子结构试件具有良好的抗震性能,结构损伤集中于耗能梁段,且耗能梁段可实现更换。在试验的基础上,以耗能梁段长度比、耗能梁段腹板加劲肋间距、螺栓直径、翼缘拼接板和腹板拼接板厚度为参数,利用ABAQUS建立了15个足尺的单层单跨FTS-SRSL有限元模型,探究各模型的抗震性能,包括承载力、刚度、耗能以及塑性变形能力。有限元分析结果表明:改变拼接板螺栓连接的剪切型耗能梁段长度比会显著影响结构的承载力、刚度及耗能,建议FTS-SRSL中的拼接板螺栓连接剪切型耗能梁段长度比取0.73~1.09;改变耗能梁段腹板加劲肋间距对结构的承载力、刚度和耗能影响较小,基于该文的分析结果,建议FTS-SRSL中的拼接板螺栓连接剪切型耗能梁段腹板加劲肋间距取e/4~e/3(e为耗能梁段长度),且间距应满足我国抗规的规定;改变翼缘拼接板和腹板拼接板厚度对结构的承载力、刚度及耗能基本无影响;改变螺栓直径对结构承载力、刚度及耗能影响较小。

双壁波纹钢管混凝土构件短柱轴压力学性能

为改善空心钢筋混凝土柱(HRC)的使用与受力性能,提出一种双壁波纹钢管混凝土(CFDCST)构件。本文共进行了4个大尺寸双壁波纹钢管混凝土短柱与2个空心钢筋混凝土短柱的轴压试验,关键试验参数为试件类型与波纹钢管类型。分析构件的破坏模式,对比不同参数下构件的承载力、峰值应变、延性系数等关键力学指标,获得荷载-波纹钢管应变关系曲线以揭示试件的约束机理并验证外波纹钢管类型的影响。试验结果表明:外波纹钢管可为夹层混凝土提供约束作用,且螺旋角越小,外波纹钢管的约束作用越强;内波纹钢管则主要为夹层混凝土内壁提供有效支撑,以保持截面的完整性。名义约束效应系数与空心率相近时,由于咬口滑移影响,大螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土比小螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土的峰值应力、峰值应变与延性系数分别降低15.5%、21.8%与16.7%。在总用钢量相近的情况下,小螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土柱的承载力、峰值应变与延性系数分别比空心钢筋混凝土柱提高10.6%、36.2%与50.0%。基于试验结果,检验了3种典型承载力公式的适用性,并提出了相应设计建议。

Discrete Numerical Study on Type II Fracture of Partially Detached Concrete Panels in Cold Region

When the upper chord beam of the beam-string structure(BSS)is made of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST),its overall stiffness will change greatly with the construction of concrete placement,which will have an impact on the design of the tensioning plans and selection of control measures for the BSS.In order to accurately obtain the bending stiffness of CFST beam and clarify its impact on the mechanical properties of composite BSS during con-struction,the influence of some factors such as height-width ratio,wall thickness of steel tube,elasticity modulus of concrete,and friction coefficient on the bending stiffness are analyzed parametrically by the numerical simula-tion technology based on an actual project.The calculation formula of the equivalent bending stiffness of CFST is also established through mathematical statistical simulation.Then,the equivalent bending stiffness is introduced into the construction and use stages of the composite BSS,respectively,and the mechanical properties such as prestress-tensioning control value,structural deformation,and internal force of key members are comparatively analyzed when adopting two different construction plans.Moreover,the optimal construction plan of concrete placementfirst and then prestress-tensioning is proposed.

600 MW超超临界机组S30432钢内壁氧化膜变化规律及水蒸气氧化动力学

通过SEM对某600 MW超超临界机组运行80000 h后的S30432钢高温再热器管内壁氧化膜进行氧化膜形貌和膜层结构分析,再用EDS、XRD对氧化物中成分测定,并分析氧化膜形成.依据氧化膜厚度评估其脱落风险.测定在640、670、700℃下S30432钢水蒸气的氧化膜厚度和时间的动力学曲线,确定炉管的运行温度和对氧化的影响.结果表明:氧化膜在形成和变化中,存在晶粒变化和成分变化.晶粒变化主要是由融合状的纳米级晶粒长大为颗粒状或碗状微米级晶粒,由表及里,晶粒越来越细小.依氧化膜厚度推算的运行温度为670℃,处于超温运行状态;S30432钢产生氧化膜脱落的厚度为39.81μm,初生氧化膜厚度远大于39.81μm,处于随时脱落状态,再运行8552 h后次生氧化膜会达到脱落阈值厚度,管内存在氧化膜大量脱落并堵塞弯管引起爆管的巨大风险.

预应力拱形管桁架中索的位置对结构的影响分析

在大跨度空间结构中,预应力管桁架是一种常用的结构形式,由于预应力索的引入,能够最大限度优化结构内力,增大结构竖向刚度,减小支座水平推力。而索的位置是否合理,直接影响到结构整体受力的合理性以及用钢量的大小。以重庆某预应力管桁架料场大棚为例,通过在有限范围内调整索的位置,选取多个结构控制指标进行对比,研究计算结果对结构整体的影响,从而确定较为合理的索布置。分析结果表明,以反弯点处为基准,索的位置向上调整,则支座反力和挠度增大,最大杆内力也会相应变大,实际工程中,索的位置建议根据结构的外形,通过单线模型先确定反弯点高度,结合工艺的要求,在此位置上下1至2个节间范围内为宜。

A staggered double vane circuit for a W-band traveling-wave tube amplifier

Based on the combination of a staggered double vane slow wave structure （SWS） and round electron beam, a 200-W W-band traveling-wave tube （TWT） amplifier is studied in this paper. The main advantages of round beam operation over the sheet beam is that the round beam can be formed more easily and the focus requirement can be dramatically reduced. It operates in the fundamental mode at the first spatial harmonic. The geometric parameters are optimized and a transition structure for the slow wave circuit is designed which can well match the signal that enters into and goes out from the tube. Then a TWT model is established and the particle-in-cell （PIC） simulation results show that the tube can provide over 200-W output power in a frequency range of 88 GHz-103 GHz with a maximum power of 289 W at 95 GHz, on the assumption that the input power is 0.1 W and the beam power is 5.155 kW. The corresponding conversion efficiency and gain at 95 GHz are expected to be 5.6% and 34.6 dB, respectively. Such amplifiers can potentially be used in high power microwave-power-modules （MPM） and for other portable applications.

Thermal Structure of Glass Fiber Reinforce Plastic Support Structure

The assembled form of thick-wall glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) tube and 0Cr18Ni9 austenitic stainless steel pipes was designed as the radius thermal-insulating and load-supporting structure in cryogenic vessels. In order to study the thermal leakage and gap changes on the support structure, as well as radius temperature and stress distribution on GFRP tube, an experimental investigation has been taken. The results indicate that the support structure is proved to fit well as thermal-insulating and load-supporting part in cryo-genic vessels, furthermore has high security during cryogenic applications.

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Perforated Tube Trolley in Circular Cooler

Three symmetrically perforated tubes were arranged in the circular cooler trolley as auxiliary cooling inlet to improve the cooling performance of the sintered body during the production process. Fluent 15.0 has been used to simulate the process;the study shows that the perforated tube structure trolley has changed the temperature field within the sintering area, thereby improving the sintering area of the cooling effect and uniformity, also greatly reducing the cooling time. Compared with the traditional trolley, the best structure of the porous tube trolley has reduced 41% cooling time and increased 50% waste heat recovery.