Current Reversal in a Flashing Correlation Ratchet

A flashing correlation ratchet model is proposed,in which the transport of Brownian particles driven by additive colored noise of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type in a flashing ratchet is studied by Monte Carlo simulation.The stationary current vs the noise strength and the correlation time is obtained and analyzed.For a fixed rate of potential flashing,the novel phenomena of current reversal and reentry occur.The conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena are found.The in fluence of the flipping rate is also discussed.This finding might be relevant to the fact that the protein motors with similar structure can move in opposite directions on the same kind of microtubule.

Flash阵列无效块管理

Flash阵列在当今数据存储领域占据着重要地位,提高Flash阵列可靠性的关键在于提出合理的坏块管理方法。针对固有坏块,提出基于整合块的坏块管理方法和基于EEPROM查找表的坏块管理方法。对于在使用过程中出现的突发坏块,提出基于页跳过和页替换的突发坏块管理方法。经过实验分析表明坏块管理方法提高了NAND Flash数据存储的可靠性,在保证存储速度的情况下对NAND Flash存储空间得到最大化利用。

信息科技新课程实施中的思辨、发展与迭代

他们经历过从计算机、信息技术到信息科技课程不断发展的所有历程,从“指导纲要”的信息素养跋涉到“课程课标”的数字素养,战斗于课程实施的前沿阵地,艰难中见证了辉煌。他们现学现卖DOS、Windows、Foxbase、MS-Office、WPS、Flash、PS等无数软件,努力设计出一个个作品去解决一个个难题,在错误中摸索正确答案,用本职与兼职包打天下。他们学习BASIC、Pascal、C++、VB、Python等各种编程语言,探索排序、迭代、递归、搜索、回溯、贪心、图与树、动态规划、决策树等眼花缭乱的算法,用专注的目光注视着屏幕上的代码。

质子治疗对细胞自由基产额影响的蒙特卡罗模拟计算

随着质子FLASH治疗等新兴放疗技术的发展,细胞受辐照后生物学效应的不确定性成为急需解决的难题。由于缺乏对物理-化学阶段机理的完整理解,目前的模拟工作仍然以调整化学参数使自由基产额与实验数据相匹配为主。作为一个不断发展的蒙特卡罗软件,Geant4能够在纳米尺度上模拟入射粒子在短时间内通过物理和化学相互作用引起水分子辐解的过程。基于Geant4软件构建了一个简易的细胞模型,模拟了细胞靶体内自由基产额受辐射粒子影响的情况,并对靶内自由基产额的变化趋势进行了详细计算。研究表明,随着LET的逐渐增大,自由基OH^(·)的数目占比从25%下降到10%左右。当考虑质子FLASH透射治疗时,使用25%的自由基OH^(·)数目占比作为化学损伤参数去评估细胞DNA损伤将会更为合理。同时,两种活性氧自由基O_(2)^(·)和O_(2)^(-)在超高剂量率下的产额G(t)随模拟时间的发展都出现了不同程度的升高。研究结果阐明了不同治疗深度下细胞靶体内自由基产额随时间和粒子能量的变化情况,揭示了模拟工作中质子FLASH治疗在布拉格峰区和坪区应该采用不同的化学损伤参数。

Flash片内数据的高速回读系统设计

针对导弹飞行后数据记录装置的部分接口受损而无法顺利回读飞行数据的问题,研发了可以高速回读存储芯片片内数据的Flash读写设备,在FPGA内置的LVDS收发器基础上利用Aurora协议设计了每通道速率可达1.5625 Gb/s的高速并行收发链路,以及在串/并转换的基础上设计了传输速度较慢的备用串行读数链路。系统实现了高速读数接口和备用读数接口皆可顺利将Flash芯片片内的数据无丢帧地回读传输至测试台进行评估、分析、利用,具有硬件设计简单、回读数据方便快捷的特点。

Global Change in Agricultural Flash Drought over the 21st Century

Agricultural flash droughts are high-impact phenomena, characterized by rapid soil moisture dry down. The ensuing dry conditions can persist for weeks to months, with detrimental effects on natural ecosystems and crop cultivation. Increases in the frequency of these rare events in a future warmer climate would have significant societal impact. This study uses an ensemble of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) models to investigate the projected change in agricultural flash drought during the 21st century. Comparison across geographical regions and climatic zones indicates that individual events are preceded by anomalously low relative humidity and precipitation, with long-term trends governed by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. As a result of these processes, the frequency of both upperlevel and root-zone flash drought is projected to more than double in the mid-and high latitudes over the 21st century, with hot spots developing in the temperate regions of Europe, and humid regions of South America, Europe, and southern Africa.

Brownian ratchets driven by flashing noise strength

The stochastic transport driven by flashing multi-noise sources in a ratchet is studied. The stationary current versus the noise strength and the colored noise correlated time T is obtained . At a fixed flip rate and strength of the colored noises, the novel phenomenon of the current reversal occurs as T reaches a certain value. More than one reversal point exists when

A peer-to-peer logic environment to validate flashing yellow arrow decision support system

The flashing yellow arrow(FYA)signal display creates an opportunity to enhance the leftturn phase with a variable mode that can be changed on demand.This research develops an integrated general purpose data collection module that time stamps detector and phase state changes within a National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA)actuated traffic signal controller to provide recommendations for the flashing yellow arrow left-turn mode on a cycle-by-cycle basis.115 left-turn approaches at 38 intersections with locations across the State of Florida were analyzed totaling 1370 h of video data processed including off-peak and peak conditions.Video data extraction was an essential step in developing thegap thresholds for the permissive left-turn.Actual intersection field data were obtained through loop detector mapping to the controller in the lab in real-time mode using a peerto-peer logic environment.A custom communications software was developed to retrieve instantaneous channel input data,synchronize opposing through green phase,analyze traffic information,provide the algorithm decision,and generate a real-time log recording the events to determine whether it would be optimal to switch the red arrow to a flashing yellow arrow.The algorithm determines the time interval between the successive arrivals of vehicles and computes the corresponding headway for each lane by cycle on a secondby-second basis.Peer-to-peer logic is a necessary step to verify and validate new traffic concepts prior to field-testing and offers the advantage of acquiring and analyzing realtime traffic data coupled with video feed with the benefit of a safe environment.

“双微”教学模式在中职Flash动画制作课程教学中的应用探究

Flash动画制作课程不仅是中职计算机专业的基础课程,更是中职动画类专业的核心课程。与传统教学模式相比,采用微视频与微项目相结合的“双微”教学模式更具优势,符合中职学生学习的需要,也得到了Flash动画制作课程相关教师的认可。文章在论述“双微”教学模式内涵的基础上,构建了“双微”教学模式实施流程和学习评价体系。并分析了其在中职Flash动画制作课程教学中应用的价值,以期进一步提升中职Flash动画制作课程教学效能。

New process for treating boron-bearing iron ore by flash reduction coupled with magnetic separation

Boron is an important industrial raw material often sourced from minerals containing different compounds that cocrystallize,which makes it difficult to separate the mineral phases through conventional beneficiation.This study proposed a new treatment called flash reduction-melting separation(FRMS)for boron-bearing iron concentrates.In this method,the concentrates were first flash-reduced at the temperature under which the particles melt,and the slag and the reduced iron phases disengaged at the particle scale.Good reduc-tion and melting effects were achieved above 1550℃.The B_(2)O_(3) content in the separated slag was over 18wt%,and the B content in the iron was less than 0.03wt%.The proposed FRMS method was tested to investigate the effects of factors such as ore particle size and tem-perature on the reduction and melting steps with and without pre-reducing the raw concentrate.The mineral phase transformation and morphology evolution in the ore particles during FRMS were also comprehensively analyzed.

Optimized operation scheme of flash-memory-based neural network online training with ultra-high endurance

With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent.To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.In this work,to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks(NN)requiring continuous weight updating in online training,a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance(10^(9) cycles)and ultrafast programming speed is investigated.On the one hand,the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection(CHEI)and hot hole injection(HHI)demonstrate high linearity,symmetric potentiation,and a depression process,which help to improve the training speed and accuracy.On the other hand,the low-damage programming scheme and memory window(MW)optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing accuracy.Even after 109 cycles,the leakage current(I_(off))of cells remains sub-10pA,ensuring the large-scale computing ability of memory.Further characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust reliabilities.By processing CIFAR-10 tasks,it is evident that~90%accuracy can be achieved after 109 cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 NN.Our results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training,which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators.

A review of linear friction welding of Ni -based superalloys

Ni-based superalloys are one of the most important materials employed in high-temperature applications within the aerospace and nuclear energy industries and in gas turbines due to their excellent corrosion,radiation,fatigue resistance,and high-temperature strength.Linear friction welding(LFW)is a new joining technology with near-net-forming characteristics that can be used for the manu-facture and repair of a wide range of aerospace components.This paper reviews published works on LFW of Ni-based superalloys with the aim of understanding the characteristics of frictional heat generation and extrusion deformation,microstructures,mechanical proper-ties,flash morphology,residual stresses,creep,and fatigue of Ni-based superalloy weldments produced with LFW to enable future optim-um utilization of the LFW process.

Efficacy evaluation of standardized Rheum rhaponticum root extract(ERr 731®)on symptoms of menopause:A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Menopause is characterized by various physical,mental and emotional symptoms.ERr 731®is a standardized extract from Rheum rhaponticum root and has been clinically studied for its role in reducing menopausal symptoms.The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ERr 731®supplementation in alleviating the severity of menopausal symptoms.In this review,we searched across three online databases up to March 2023,evaluated the quality of the included studies by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale,and assessed the risk of bias by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.We then performed a metaanalysis using RevMan software to estimate the pooled mean difference(MD).The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42023416808).After screening and evaluation,we included four high-quality studies(a total of 390 participants;the ERr 731®group:193 participants;the control group:197 participants)in the meta-analysis.The results showed that ERr 731®supplementation significantly reduced the Menopause Rating Scale score(MD:–15.12;P<0.001),compared with control therapy.Sensitivity analysis revealed no effect of individual studies on the overall pooled estimate or overall observed heterogeneity.The current review provides evidence that ERr 731®supplementation is effective in reducing menopause symptoms.Potential bias and high heterogeneity in the results warrant further clinical studies.

Investigations on High-Speed Flash Boiling Atomization of Fuel Based on Numerical Simulations

Flash boiling atomization(FBA)is a promising approach for enhancing spray atomization,which can generate a fine and more evenly distributed spray by increasing the fuel injection temperature or reducing the ambient pressure.However,when the outlet speed of the nozzle exceeds 400 m/s,investigating high-speed flash boiling atomization(HFBA)becomes quite challenging.This difficulty arises fromthe involvement ofmany complex physical processes and the requirement for a very fine mesh in numerical simulations.In this study,an HFBA model for gasoline direct injection(GDI)is established.This model incorporates primary and secondary atomization,as well as vaporization and boilingmodels,to describe the development process of the flash boiling spray.Compared to lowspeed FBA,these physical processes significantly impact HFBA.In this model,the Eulerian description is utilized for modeling the gas,and the Lagrangian description is applied to model the droplets,which effectively captures the movement of the droplets and avoids excessive mesh in the Eulerian coordinates.Under various conditions,numerical solutions of the Sauter mean diameter(SMD)for GDI show good agreement with experimental data,validating the proposed model’s performance.Simulations based on this HFBA model investigate the influences of fuel injection temperature and ambient pressure on the atomization process.Numerical analyses of the velocity field,temperature field,vapor mass fraction distribution,particle size distribution,and spray penetration length under different superheat degrees reveal that high injection temperature or low ambient pressure significantly affects the formation of small and dispersed droplet distribution.This effect is conducive to the refinement of spray particles and enhances atomization.

基于FPGA的FLASH存储器三温功能测试系统设计

由于大容量FLASH存储器全地址功能测试时间较长,在自动化测试设备(ATE)上进行高低温测试时,长时间使用热流罩会导致测试设备运行异常。为把存储器测试过程中耗时最长的全地址功能测试部分从ATE机台上分离出来,设计一个基于FPGA的驱动板卡,结合MSCAN和Checkerboard算法实现了对被测芯片激励信号的施加;然后,设计一个12工位的驱动板卡,实现了在三温条件下的多芯片同步测试;接着,设计一个基于Qt的上位机软件,实现了对测试结果的实时显示与存储;最后,对2 GB大容量FLASH存储器进行测试验证。测试结果表明,与传统的ATE测试相比,基于驱动板和工位板的测试系统可实现对大容量FLASH的全地址功能的高低温测试,且工位板具有的高可扩展性可实现多芯片的同步测试,大幅提高了测试效率。

医用电子直线加速器技术现状与发展趋势

70%以上的肿瘤患者需要接受放射治疗,而医用电子直线加速器是肿瘤放射治疗的重要高端放疗设备。随着现代人工智能技术在医用电子直线加速器中的应用,放疗技术已从当初的普通放疗发展为如今的智慧放疗。该研究描述了医用电子直线加速器的发展历程、工作原理与系统构成,概述了束流调控、多叶光栅、引导定位技术、剂量测评等医用电子直线加速器关键技术,并展望了生物引导放疗、FLASH闪疗、智慧放疗等前沿放疗技术的发展趋势,为医用电子直线加速器的技术发展提供参考。

Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes who migrated from highlands to plains

BACKGROUND The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring(FGM)system entered the Chinese market in 2017 to complement the self-monitoring of blood glucose.Due to its increased usage in clinics,the number of studies investigating its accuracy has increased.However,its accuracy has not been investigated in highland populations in China.AIM To evaluate measurements recorded using the FreeStyle Libre FGM system compared with capillary blood glucose measured using the enzyme electrode method in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D)who had migrated within 3 mo from highlands to plains.METHODS Overall,68 patients with T2D,selected from those who had recently migrated from highlands to plains(within 3 mo),were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology from August to October 2017 and underwent continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)with the FreeStyle Libre FGM system for 14 d.Throughout the study period,fingertip capillary blood glucose was measured daily using the enzyme electrode method(Super GL,China),and blood glucose levels were read from the scanning probe during fasting and 2 h after all three meals.Moreover,the time interval between reading the data from the scanning probe and collecting fingertip capillary blood was controlled to<5 min.The accuracy of the FGM system was evaluated according to the CGM guidelines.Subsequently,the factors influencing the mean absolute relative difference(MARD)of this system were analyzed by a multiple linear regression method.RESULTS Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the fingertip and scanned glucose levels were positively correlated(R=0.86,P=0.00).The aggregated MARD of scanned glucose was 14.28±13.40%.Parker's error analysis showed that 99.30%of the data pairs were located in areas A and B.According to the probe wear time of the FreeStyle Libre FGM system,MARD_(1 d) and MARD_(2-14 d) were 16.55%and 14.35%,respectively(t=1.23,P=0.22).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that MARD did not correlate with blood glucose when the largest amplitude of glycemic excursion(LAGE)was<5.80 mmol/L but negatively correlated with blood glucose when the LAGE was≥5.80 mmol/L.CONCLUSION The FreeStyle Libre FGM system has good accuracy in patients with T2D who had recently migrated from highlands to plains.This system might be ideal for avoiding the effects of high hematocrit on blood glucose monitoring in populations that recently migrated to plains.MARD is mainly influenced by glucose levels and fluctuations,and the accuracy of the system is higher when the blood glucose fluctuation is small.In case of higher blood glucose level fluctuations,deviation in the scanned glucose levels is the highest at extremely low blood glucose levels.

基于Flash混合存储的数据迁移技术研究

混合存储系统内的数据结构较为混乱,为提高数据迁移效率,减少其响应时间,设计基于Flash混合存储的数据迁移技术。综合比较Flash存储器、固态硬盘存储器以及磁盘存储器的存储效果,对存储介质进行缓存分层,整理其在同层结构与分层结构中的读写顺序;计算文件的时间长度值,获取文件读写频率以及单位时间内的文件访问量,计算文件预期价值,并得到相应的约束条件,由此建立数据价值评定模型,设计数据迁移算法。实验结果表明,在邮件负载条件下效果更好,在不同时段内,响应时间均不超过3 s,因此该数据迁移技术的响应时间较短,性能较好。

一种基于STM32的嵌入式无线射孔控制系统

目前油井下页岩气勘测仍依靠传统磁性定位仪,绞车电缆连接方式作业,所采集到的井下CCL信号较不稳定,具有识别接箍信号困难的问题。为解决这一难题,设计开发一套应用于油井页岩气勘测的无线射孔系统,该套系统基于ARM Cortex M架构的微处理器STM32H735IGT6,搭建外围硬件电路实现指定功能,模拟前端板采集井下CCL信号后分别经过两级放大器,实现信号衰减和平级放大的功能,并将信号输出至无线射孔控制系统。主时钟频率为400 MHz,通用定时器每毫秒驱动16位ADC采样模拟前端信号,结合“乒乓缓存”、DMA+SPI高速缓存的方式将采样数据存储到外设FLASH芯片,并基于python设计一套上位机串口控制程序,实现对无线射孔系统的控制,包括数据处理、控制采样、射孔参数导入等功能。实际模拟测试结果表明,采样接箍信号并控制存储满足设计要求。

基于ATE的测试向量自动生成技术研究

随着FLASH存储器容量的不断扩大,实现其全地址多功能测试所需要的向量深度也急剧增加。传统的复制法实现全地址测试向量编写耗时耗力。并且生产一线大容量FLASH的测试时间花费较长,1Gbit的FLASH全地址program测试需要30分钟左右。针对以上两个问题,本文基于ATE测试系统利用DSRC技术以及写缓冲技术开发了存储器测试向量的自动生成工具,可以实现全地址读写测试。最后以MICRON公司的MT28EW01GABA1HPC为例,通过实际测试数据评估向量自动生成工具的开发效率及生产测试效率。