Towards an Understanding of Management Style Differences between China and Sweden

With the world becomes closer,the issue of understanding management and culture difference is getting more and more important.The purpose of this research is to find how culture factors impact management style in China and Sweden.The study used Hofstede's five cultural dimensions,traditional management practice and Denison's model of organizational culture and effectiveness as framework to identify what different management styles exist between two countries,as well as explain why the difference occurs in term of national culture dimensions and traditional management practice.The interviews were made by five Chinese employees whom have work experiences in China and now are working in Swedish organization in Sweden.From their perspectives,the paper found the dimension of involvement and consistency is significant different between two countries,subsequently,those differences were analyzed by Hofstede's five culture dimensions,the study found:the small power distance,feminine value and lower uncertainty avoidance as well as lower hierarchy are the reasons of Swedish management style such as high level of agreement,good communication,and high capability development in Sweden.Meanwhile,the large power distance,masculine value,high uncertainty avoidance,guanxi and paternalism style of leadership are the mainly reasons of Chinese management style such like lower level of team orientation,ineffective and lower learning capacity in China.In addition,the long-term orientation cause Chinese organization like to have a long time planning,but the paternalism style of leadership induce the strategy of company departs from the reality.

Effects of Different Management Modes on Yield and Nutrient Efficiency of Ginger

In order to establish high-yield and high-efficient cultivation technology for ginger in the central region of Shandong Province, the effects of different manage-ment modes on yield of ginger, nutrient efficiency and soil nitrate were carried out by field experiment. Four management modes were farmer convention mode, high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficiency mode, in which farmer convention mode was local farmers ’ conven-tional cropping methods, the other three management modes were optimized combi-nations of al management measures under a certain goal of increasing yield and efficiency. The results were as fol ows： ginger yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under such three optimized management measures combinations as high yield and high efficiency mode, super high yield mode and super high yield and high efficien-cy mode were al higher than these of farmer convention mode, moreover, com-pared with farmer convention mode, the yield increased by 11.85%, 25.75% and 23.34%, respectively, and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency increased by 47.94%, 11.24%and 33.14%, respectively. Thereinto, the yield under super high yield mode were the greatest,and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under high yield and high efficiency mode was the highest.

Design and parametric optimization of thermal management of lithium-ion battery module with reciprocating air-flow

Single cell temperature difference of lithium-ion battery(LIB) module will significantly affect the safety and cycle life of the battery. The reciprocating air-flow module created by a periodic reversal of the air flow was investigated in an effort to mitigate the inherent temperature gradient problem of the conventional battery system with a unidirectional coolant flow with computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Orthogonal experiment and optimization design method based on computational fluid dynamics virtual experiments were developed. A set of optimized design factors for the cooling of reciprocating air flow of LIB thermal management was determined. The simulation experiments show that the reciprocating flow can achieve good heat dissipation, reduce the temperature difference, improve the temperature homogeneity and effectively lower the maximal temperature of the modular battery. The reciprocating flow improves the safety, long-term performance and life span of LIB.

A Numerical Investigation of the Thermal Performances of an Array of Heat Pipes for Battery Thermal Management

A comparative numerical study has been conducted on the thermal performance of a heat pipe cooling system considering several influential factors such as the coolant flow rate,the coolant inlet temperature,and the input power.A comparison between numerical data and results available in the literature has demonstrated that our numerical procedure could successfully predict the heat transfer performance of the considered heat pipe cooling system for a battery.Specific indicators such as temperature,heat flux,and pressure loss were extracted to describe the characteristics of such a system.On the basis of the distributions of the temperature ratio of the battery surface,together with the heat flux and the streamlines around the heat pipe condenser,we conclude that the low disturbance of the coolant is the cause of the temperature gradient along the fluid flow direction.

Standardization of critical care management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19

The large global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has seriously endangered the health care system in China and globally.The sudden surge of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has revealed the shortage of critical care medicine resources and intensivists.Currently,the management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 is performed mostly by non-intensive care unit(ICU)physicians,who lack the required professional knowledge,training,and practice in critical care medicine,especially in terms of continuous monitoring of the respiratory function,intervention,and feedback on treatment effects.This clinical problem needs an urgent solution.Therefore,here,we propose a series of clinical strategies for non-ICU physicians aimed at the standardization of the management of non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of critical care medicine.Isolation management is performed to facilitate the implementation of hierarchical monitoring and intervention to ensure the reasonable distribution of scarce critical care medical resources and intensivists,highlight the key patients,timely detection of disease progression,and early and appropriate intervention and organ function support,and thus improve the prognosis.Different management objectives are also set based on the high-risk factors and the severity of patients with COVID-19.The approaches suggested herein will facilitate the timely detection of disease progression,and thus ensure the provision of early and appropriate intervention and organ function support,which will eventually improve the prognosis.

Soil Carbon Pool Management Index under Different Straw Retention Regimes

[Objective] To clarify the effects of different straw retention regimes on soil fertility in double cropping paddy field. [Method] The effects of different straw reten- tion regimes on total organic carbon （CToc）, active carbon （CA） and mineralized carbon （CM） were analyzed, and carbon pool active （A）, carbon pool active index （A/）, carbon pool index （CPI） and carbon pool management index （CPMi） for each treat- ment were calculated. [Result] Compared with the unfertilized treatment （CK）, CToc, CA, CM and the available ratio of soil carbon were increased in the treatment of re- turning early season and late season rice straws to field. With the same nutrient application, CToc, CA and the available ratio of soil carbon in the field with straw re- turned to field were higher than that of straw incineration and no straw returning, and the change in soil CA content was more significant. The difference in CPMI be- tween different treatments reached significant or very significant level, and the value was in the order of straw directly returned to field 〉 straw returned to field after in- cineration 〉 no straw returned to field. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical bases for the increase of soil CA content and soil fertility in double rice fields.

Doing Gender Well and Differently in Management

The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue that gender can be done well and differently through simultaneous,multiple enactments of femininity and masculinity.

Land-Use Planning Guidelines for Optimal Coastal Environmental Management

The objective of this study is to weigh and recommend environmentally-optimal regional land-use planning guidelines for coastal regions. The present malaise is assessed, as regards inefficiencies, non-suitability, non-sustainability, enhancing factors of environmental degradation, and potentially destructive consequences of current land-use alteration. Desired situations and goals are considered, and means are proposed for bridging the gap between the present malaise and a desired situation, based on five key approaches developed by the authors. Specific examples of regional approaches are presented. Guidelines and operational measures for sound regional planning the authors have employed in similar circumstances are recommended.

Proposed Flexibility to USA Nuclear Waste Management Strategy

USA nuclear waste management program has stalled due to its continued insistence upon using Yucca Mountain for its disposal of DOE （Department of Energy） and commercial power plants NSF （nuclear spent fuel）. Increased flexibility and significant changes in DOE program are proposed. They include a private waste company to manage it; the construction and operation of ICS （interim centralized storage） facilities for NSF; the search for an AGR （alternate geological repository）; the use of a different methodology involving key local and state participants; a new ＂as safe as practical＂ strategy with defined benefits to the involved locations and states. Assured removal of NSF from ICS and providing limited Price Anderson indemnity for the program will enhance its acceptance. Minimum politics, regular information meetings, compromises, good cost projections and meeting schedules will be necessary to increase the chances of the proposed nuclear waste management program.

Relationships between Gender, Weight, and Body Image: Effects on Stress Management and Life Satisfaction in University Students

This study highlights the importance of understanding how gender and weight affect key aspects of well-being, such as body image, stress management, and life satisfaction among college students. By examining these relationships, the study aims to provide information that serves as a basis for designing specific interventions to promote mental health and general well-being in this population. The objective is to provide insights into the relationships between these variables to guide targeted interventions for student well-being. Methods: A total of 100 university students from Chile (60% women, 40% men), aged between 18 and 25, participated in this study. Participants were classified into weight categories based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) according to WHO standards: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Validated scales were used to measure body image, stress management, and life satisfaction. Descriptive analyses and one-way ANOVA were conducted to identify significant differences between gender and weight categories. Results: Significant differences were found in stress management and body image according to weight categories. Participants with obesity reported the lowest scores in both body image and stress management, while underweight participants reported the highest scores. Men reported slightly better stress management, but the difference was not statistically significant. A moderate positive correlation was found between body image and life satisfaction (r = 0.29, p Conclusion: Gender and weight play an essential role in influencing body image, stress management, and life satisfaction among university students. These findings highlight the need for interventions that promote a healthy body image and effective stress management strategies, particularly for overweight and obese students.

Can differences in the background characteristics of the chairperson-CEO vertical dyad reduce management agency costs?——A perspective Based on the internal configuration of the top management team

We test whether differences in the background characteristics of firms’chairperson and CEO can reduce management agency costs.We find that when the chairperson is older,has a higher level of education,and has more overseas experience than the CEO,the management agency costs will be lower.A series of robustness tests do not change our conclusions.In further analysis,we find that the negative relationship between the two is more significant for SOEs or firms experiencing fierce market competition.Finally,we also find that the chairman-CEO’s vertical dyad background characteristics differences can help to improve firm performance.Our study provides theoretical and practical implications for companies on how to best configure their top management team.

Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide.Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal physiology.Thus,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals.Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are needed.This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

Photocurrent improvement of an ultra-thin silicon solar cell using the localized surface plasmonic effect of clustering nanoparticles

The cluster-shaped plasmonic nanostructures are used to manage the incident light inside an ultra-thin silicon solar cell.Here we simulate spherical,conical,pyramidal,and cylindrical nanoparticles in a form of a cluster at the rear side of a thin silicon cell,using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.By calculating the optical absorption and hence the photocurrent,it is shown that the clustering of nanoparticles significantly improves them.The photocurrent enhancement is the result of the plasmonic effects of clustering the nanoparticles.For comparison,first a cell with a single nanoparticle at the rear side is evaluated.Then four smaller nanoparticles are put around it to make a cluster.The photocurrents of 20.478 mA/cm2,23.186 mA/cm2,21.427 mA/cm2,and 21.243 mA/cm2 are obtained for the cells using clustering conical,spherical,pyramidal,cylindrical NPs at the backside,respectively.These values are 13.987 mA/cm2,16.901 mA/cm2,16.507 mA/cm2,17.926 mA/cm2 for the cell with one conical,spherical,pyramidal,cylindrical NPs at the backside,respectively.Therefore,clustering can significantly improve the photocurrents.Finally,the distribution of the electric field and the generation rate for the proposed structures are calculated.

Sex-specific effects of social networks on the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among older Korean adults

Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease among older adults, and is associated with medical complications and mor- tality. This study aimed to examine the effects of social network characteristics on the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among older adults. Methods The Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project （KSHAP） interviewed 814 〉 60-year-old residents and their spouses from a rural township between December 2011 and March 2012 （response rate： 95%）. We evaluated the data from 595 partici- pants. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the effects of network characteristics on hypertension. Results We ob- served strong sex-specific network effects on the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. Among older women, network density was associated with hypertension awareness [odds ratio （OR）： 2.63, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.03 5.37J and control （OR： 1.72; 95% CI 0.94-3.13）. Among older men, large networks were associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension （OR： 0.75; 95% CI： 0.58-0.96）. Compared to older women, older men with coarse networks exhibited better hypertension awareness （OR： 0.37; 95% CI： 0.14-0.95） and control （OR： 0.42; 95% CI： 0.19-0.91 ）. Network size interacted with density for hypertension control （P = 0.051）, with controlled hyperten- sion being associated with large and course networks. Conclusions A large network was associated with a lower risk for hypertension, and a coarse network was associated with hypertension awareness and control among older men. Older women with dense networks were most likely to exhibit hypertension awareness and control.

基于i1 Profiler的色彩管理参数对印品色彩的影响

目的研究打印机色彩管理流程中的仪器参数对印品颜色再现的影响。方法以军用迷彩色为对象,基于i1 Profiler中的测色条件和“感知”参数选项分别制作ICC特性文件并在Photoshop中调用、打印,以纸张印后色差评价印品质量,探究测色条件、“感知”参数选项和打印时Photoshop中渲染方法的选择对最终印品色彩的影响。结果对于含有荧光增白剂的纸张,应选择M2(排除UV)测色条件进行颜色测量;“感知”参数选项对ICC特性文件内容有影响,设置为色彩丰富,即对比度、饱和度和中性灰度分别为40、40和75时,此种情况制作得到的ICC文件对于迷彩色的打印效果相对来说最好,实际应用中应根据图像颜色特性和输出要求合理选择;打印时渲染方法为“绝对比色色度再现”时,纸张印品色彩复制效果最好。结论这些参数都对印品色彩质量有影响,合理的选择色彩管理过程中的参数有利于提高印品色彩质量,为企业实践提供参考。

Comparison of Digital Maps: Recognition and Quantitative Measure of Changes

A new methodology of comparing digital raster maps was proposed which allows not only detecting changes in the maps, but also obtaining quantitative measures of the importance of selected differences. Procedure of object interpretation of satellite images and forming of OMT (Object Map of Territory) is described. A list of allowable differences between two OMTs is defined. Two steps technique of quantitative measuring is proposed. At the first stage functions are constructed for calculating local measures of differences in the amount, areas and locations of objects on the map, as well as relations between the objects. In the second stage local measures are used to calculate the integral measure in order to get generalized assessment of difference between maps. The methods for constructing functions which calculate local and integral measures of differences are described. Examples of comparing and measuring the differences between OMTs are provided. Obtained results by utilizing this technique can be used to analyze trends, forecast of development and might be helpful for choosing most efficient scenarios for sustainable spatial planning and land management.

Analysis of the Per Capita Generation of Municipal Solid Waste by Socioeconomic Strata in Veracruz, Mexico, Using a Statistical Experimental Design

The management of municipal solid waste （MSW） is currently one of the major environmental concerns in Mexico. Therefore, municipalities must develop local programs for prevention and integrated management of MSW based on the data of MSW generation; however, these are scarce and diffuse. It is known that the MSW generation is affected by many factors, including life level. Given the importance of having reliable data, the objective of this study was to determine the per capita MSW generation of a small urban locality in the state of Veracruz and test whether there were significant statistic differences of per capita M SW generation among the life levels. The households were randomly sampled according to the Mexican standard of reference and were classified as popular, middle and residential. The per capita MSW generation determined was 0.355 kg·inhab^-1.day^-1. This value was lower than the value estimated by the national reference, suggesting that it might be overestimated and consequently lead to errors in estimating installations costs for the MSW treatment. The result of the experimental design revealed that there were significant statistic differences in the per capita MSW generation among the three socioeconomic strata. This study will allow the municipality to establish better strategies within the municipal program and differential rate for the provision of public clean service and it also provides a solid basis for future research under similar conditions.

Impacts of Mau Forest Catchment on the Great Rift Valley Lakes in Kenya

Remote sensing and GIS applications are being widely used for various projects relating to natural resource management. Forests are very important national assets for economic, environmental protection, social and cultural values and should be conserved in order to realize all these benefits. Kenya’s forests are rapidly declining due to pressure from increased population, technological innovation, urbanization human development and other land uses. Mau forest is one of the major forests in Kenya that is a catchment area for many Great Rift Valley lakes within the country and faces a lot of destruction. Continued destruction of the Mau forest will cause catastrophic environmental damage, resulting in massive food crises and compromising the livelihoods of millions of Kenyans, and the possible collapse of the tourism industry. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the increasing rate of deforestation and the reduction of the volumes of water in the neighboring lakes between the years 1989 to 2010. Satellite images from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) were used for the detection of changes in the Mau forest and the dynamics of the neighboring water bodies that included lakes: Naivasha, Baringo, Nakuru, Elementaita and Bogoria. The research showed that from a period of 1989 to 2010 Mau forest has been decreasing due to deforestation and the water bodies have irregular dynamics in that, from 1989 to 2000, there was rise in the volume of water, this is attributed to the El Nino rains experienced in the country during the year 1997 and 1998. But between 2000 and 2010 the volume decreased as the forest is also decreasing. It is recommended that the government creates awareness to sensitize the public on the importance of such forests as catchment areas in Kenya.

基于单篇高被引数据论文的多层级数据再利用主题差异分析

[目的/意义]在当今“数据密集型”时代,科学数据的重要性不断凸显,深入研究数据论文的利用价值有助于推动科学数据的开放和共享。[方法/过程]文章以单篇高被引论文为研究对象,根据对其不同的引证层级构建文献集合,通过对两个引证文献集合论文的关键词统计和聚类分析,对其主题团簇的差异性进行对比和分析,进而揭示数据论文的多层级数据再利用和特征演化情况。[结果/结论]研究发现,不同层级的数据再利用扩展出了不同细度的研究主题,体现了数据论文知识扩散的模式和规律。

基于Hofstede文化模型分析跨文化人力资源管理——以美国通用公司为例

本文通过Hofstede文化模型,分析中美文化的差异,以及对人力资源管理中4P流程(招聘、培训、薪酬和绩效考核)的影响,概括介绍美国通用公司跨文化人力资源管理的策略,并且寻求中国企业在跨文化人力资源管理中的借鉴意义。