Comparison on the Origin and Development of Sophora flavescens in China and Japan

Sophora flavescens , which was first recorded in Shen Nong s Herbal Classic , has the functions of clearing away heat, drying dampness, killing parasites and promoting urination. In its long-term application, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually deepened its understanding of the origin and efficacy of S. flavescens . In order to explore changes in the origin and efficacy of traditional Chinese herb S. flavescens in the history of China and Japan, in this paper, the origin and development of S. flavescens in China and Japan were compared from three aspects: the origin, medicinal efficacy, and processing methods of S. flavescens in China and Japan, hoping to provide clear understanding of the medicinal plant S. flavescens .

Analysis of Lavandulyl Flavonoids from Sophora flavescens with Antiinflammatory Activity Based on Molecular Network Technology

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Sophora flavescens.[Methods]35 compounds were screened from traditional Chinese medicine S.flavescens using the nitric oxide(NO)anti-inflammatory activity model.[Results]Five components,8(xanthohumol),13(kurarinol),27(4-methoxysalicylic acid),28(b-resorcic acid)and 30(b-resorcic acid),exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity,with IC 50 values of 5.99,4.76,6.96,3.41 and 5.22μM,respectively.Especially,8(xanthohumol)and 13(kurarinol)were typical lavandulyl flavonoids in S.flavescens,which were worth further exploration.Furthermore,UPLC-Q-Exactive and GNPS molecular networking technique were used for rapid analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids from S.flavescens.A total of 15 components were identified.[Conclusions]This work lays a theoretical foundation for further separation and analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from S.flavescens.

Mechanisms of Sophora flavescens in the treatment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma based on comprehensive biological analysis,network pharmacology,and experimental verification

Objective:This study used comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology analysis to investigate the potentially relevant mechanisms of Sophora flavescens against cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:Consistently altered genes involved in cervical squamous cell cancerization were analyzed in the GEO database.The chemical ingredients and target genes of Sophora flavescens were explored using the TCMSP database.We obtained the potential therapeutic targets of Sophora flavescens by intersecting the above genesets and validated them in the GEPIA database.The interaction between Sophora flavescens and target genes was predicted by molecular docking.RT-qPCR was used to verify the changes of target genes in HeLa cells treated with Sophora flavescens.Single-gene GSEA functional analysis were performed to determine the molecular mechanisms.Results:Fifteen genes related to the transformation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were identified,among which AR and ESR1 were confirmed as targets for kaempferol,wighteone,formononetin,and phaseolinon.These compounds are the active ingredients in Sophora flavescens.Low expressions of AR and ESR1 correlate with a poor prognosis,while Sophora flavescens treatment increases the expression of AR and ESR1 in HeLa.GSEA analysis showed that AR and ESR1 mainly participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion:Sophora flavescens exert anti-tumor effects by targeting AR and ESR1,which may regulate cancer metastasis.

具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣算法

针对蜉蝣优化算法(MA)全局搜索能力较弱,对子代优秀个体有效信息利用不够充分的缺点,以及在计算中后期易陷入局部收敛,进而影响优化效果的问题,提出一种具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣优化算法(S-AMA)。S-AMA算法首先采用Logistic混沌映射产生蜉蝣种群,增加算法初期种群的多样性;随后,将蜉蝣生命周期进行数学建模,并引入S型生命系数替换原有的重力惯性系数,动态调整算法探索能力和开发能力间的平衡性;最后,根据蜉蝣在缺氧环境下的种群活动,引入稚虫迁徙机制强化子代优秀个体摆脱局部最优的能力,进而更加充分地搜索最优解附近的区域,以增强算法的收敛精度。实验部分将S-AMA应用于标准函数测试集,并分别进行优化对比实验、Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果表明:与对比算法相比,S-AMA算法具有更好的寻优能力、收敛速度及鲁棒性。

饲养条件对锥腹蜻稚虫存活的影响

蜻蜓是一类有较高开发利用价值的昆虫资源,为了实现蜻蜓的室内大批量饲养,本研究采用控制变量法比较了饲养密度、水质、食物以及有无依附物对锥腹蜻稚虫存活率和开始死亡时间的影响。结果表明,高密度饲养条件会加速锥腹蜻稚虫死亡,2只组的存活率显著高于4只组和8只组,8只组稚虫开始死亡时间显著早于4只组。每天换水组稚虫的存活率显著高于隔天换水组,稚虫开始死亡时间显著晚于隔天换水组。饲喂红虫能够减少锥腹蜻稚虫死亡,饲喂红虫组稚虫开始死亡时间均显著晚于饲喂蚊子组;饲养密度为8只时,饲喂红虫的稚虫存活率显著高于饲喂蚊子。放入依附物并不显著影响锥腹蜻稚虫的存活。表明饲养密度、水质、食物对锥腹蜻低龄稚虫的存活存在显著影响,锥腹蜻低龄稚虫的最佳饲养条件为:2只为一组,每天换水,用红虫作为食物。本研究结果将为锥腹蜻以及其他蜻蜓的人工饲养和开发利用奠定基础。

土壤添加蛇床子(Cnidium monnieri)和苦参(Sophora flavescens)对茄子黄萎病及根际微生物的化感影响

研究了蛇床子、苦参对茄子黄萎病菌的化感抑制作用及对茄子根际微生物数量的影响。结果表明,蛇床子、苦参的提取物抑制了茄子黄萎病菌菌丝生长,并随提取物浓度的增加抑制作用增强。在土壤中施入蛇床子、苦参提取物处理茄子苗后表现出一定的抗病效果,其中蛇床子处理的植株发病率最低。在土壤中添加蛇床子和苦参粉末,经腐解后,苦参处理的茄子植株株高、茎粗均高于对照处理,且二者处理后植株干物质含量高于对照。处理后茄子根际微生物中放线菌数量增加,真菌的数量变化差异不明显,细菌的数量相对减少,在初花期微生物的总量均高于初果期和定植期。

Cloning and Sequencing of a Lectin Protein Gene from the Roots of Sophora flavescens

A lectin protein(SFL) with molecular weight about 32 kD which markedly agglutinated rabbit and human red blood cells was purified from the roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. This protein, and apparently inhibited the growth of Fusarium vasinfectum Atk., Gibberella saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., and Piricularia oryzae Cav. A set of degenerate PCR primer was synthesized according to the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein. The full-length cDNA coding the lectin was cloned by RT-PCR and 5'-RACE and sequenced (GenBank AF285121). The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that a preprotein with 284 amino acid residues is firstly translated and then processed to a mature protein with 254 amino acids. A N-Glycosylation site is the Asn 182 residue.

家兔黄艾美耳球虫(Eimeria flavescens)活虫苗免疫预防的研究

本试验使用黄艾美耳球虫(Eimeria flavescens)活虫苗重复免疫2月龄新西兰品种无球虫兔,建立3种免疫程序:Ⅰ均等高剂量免疫;Ⅱ均等低剂量免疫;Ⅲ加倍递增剂量免疫。免疫过程中,对临床症状,增重,卵囊排出量,肠道粘膜的表面形态病变,特异性血清 IgG 效价进行了比较研究。综合分析表明加倍递增剂量免疫组(免疫5次,间隔5 d,起始卵囊量为200个·只^(-1)·次^(-1))效果最好,攻虫后卵囊排出量和增重与对照组相比差异极显著或差异显著(P<0.01,或0.01<P<0.05),保护率86.7%,临床症状和肠道粘膜的病变均比较轻微。免疫保护性明显优于另外2种免疫程序,相当于杀球灵(Diclazuril)1×10^(-6)拌料预防的效果(保护率96.1%)。特异性血清 IgG 效价差异不明显。

Antibacterial Activity of Sophora flavescens Extracts against Pepper Blight (Fusarium oxysporum)

[ Objectlve] The paper was to explore the antibacterial activity of S. fiavescens extracts against pepper blight. [ Methods] Growth rate method and sus- pend-drop method were used to measure the inhibition effect of different solvents and concentrations of S. fiavescens extracts on F. oxysporum. [Result] The inhibi- tion rate of etude extracts of S. flavescens extracted by ethyl acetate and acetone was significantly higher than that of ethanol. With the increasing concentration of ethyl acetate crude extracts of S. flavescens, its inhibition effect against myeelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum signitieantly increased. When the mass concentration was 40 g/L, its inhibition rates against myeelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum were 94.48% and 89.01%, respectively. [ Con- clusion] The active substance contained in S. flavescens roots had strong inhibition activity against pepper blight, which had the potential value for further research and development.

温度对黄金鲈(Perca flavescens)耗氧率和排氨率的影响

在不同水温（15、20、25和30℃）下,对体重（46.1±4.5）g黄金鲈（Perca flavescens）的耗氧率和排氨率进行了测定与分析。结果显示：黄金鲈的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而显著增加（P〈0.01）;耗氧率和排氨率与温度的关系可用指数方程拟合,其方程分别为：RO=0.0682 e0.0633t,R2=0.9879;RN=2.4593 e0.0904t,R2=0.9703;随着温度的升高氧氮比（O：N）逐渐降低;耗氧Q10值和排氨Q10值均在20~25℃之间最小。结果表明：在各温度水平下黄金鲈基础代谢消耗底物主要均以蛋白质为主,脂肪其次,然而随着温度的升高,黄金鲈利用糖类和脂肪供能的比例逐渐下降,而蛋白质供能的比例逐渐增加。黄金鲈的最适生长温度为20~25℃。

Two New Antibacterial Flavanones from Sophora flavescens

Two new lavandulylated flavanones,（2R, 3R）-8-1avandulyl-2＇-methoxy-5, 7, 4＇-trihydroxyflavanonol （1） and 8-1avandulyl-5,7, 4＇-trihydroxyflavonol （2）,were isolated from the dry roots of S opharaflavescens.Their structures were eiucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antibacterial activities.

Research progress on flavonoids from the roots of Sophora flavescens Alt.and their biological activities

Sophora flavescens Alt.,a perennial herb of Sophora in Leguminosae family,was widely distributed in the north and south of China.Its root is utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat,drain dampness,kill insect and promote urination by virtue of bitter and cold.Its chemical components are complex and diverse,mainly including alkaloids and flavonoids.Modern pharmacological studies have found that prenylflavonoids and quinolicidine alkaloids are the characteristic chemical constituents and the main active ingredients,with anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,and other various biological activities.This study reviewed the chemical constituents of S.flavescens and the pharmacological effects of flavonoids in it in order to provide reference for further development.

A new lavandulyl flavonoid from Sorphora flavescens Ait

A new lavandulyl flavonoid was isolated from the rhizome of Sorphora flavescens. The structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral methods including 2D NMR. And it showed potent cytotoxic activity against Hela ceils with IC50 of 1.1 μmol/L.

Exploring the anti-diabetic effects and the underlying mechanisms of ethyl acetate extract from Sophora flavescens by integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluation

Background:Sophora flavescens,a traditional Chinese herb medicine,has been used to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)both in folk medicine and medical institutions.Modern pharmacological studies have also demonstrated that the flavonoids obtained from Sophora flavescens ethyl acetate extract(SFE)exhibited potential anti-diabetic activity.Our previous study elucidated that SFE exerts anti-T2DM effects by regulating the host-microbial metabolic axis.In the present study,we further explored the pharmacodynamic effect and the potential targets of the anti-T2DM activity of SFE by integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluations.Methods:The diabetic rat model was created by streptozotocin and oral administration with SFE for 8 weeks.Then,the T2DM-related index was estimated to assess the interventional effect of SFE.Network pharmacology was applied to identify the likely targets and the pathways modulated by SFE components.Furthermore,Western blotting was applied to verify the prediction.Results:Pharmacological evaluation in vivo revealed that SFE could markedly improve the blood glucose,serum insulin secretion,insulin resistance,liver glycogen synthesis,and the liver tissue structure in T2DM rats.Through network pharmacology analysis,101 active compounds of SFE and 114 targets belonging to 128 pathways were identified.The insulin,TNF,IL-6,and PI3K/Akt pathway may be the key targets and pathway.Based on the results of network pharmacology analysis,IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways were selected for further validation.Subsequently,experimental results of Western blotting confirmed that SFE may exert anti-T2DM effects by modulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.Conclusion:SFE may protect the T2DM rats by relieving the insulin resistance and inflammation through regulating the IRS/PI3K/Akt and IKK/NF-κB/TNF pathways.The results of the present study would improve the comprehension of the pharmacological basis of SFE against T2DM and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of Sophora flavescens.

Network-pharmacology and molecular docking-based investigation of mechanism of Sophora flavescens on cancer and inflammation

Objective:In order to explore the systematical regulatory mechanism of Kushen(Sophora flavescens,SF)on inflammation and cancer,we analyzed inter-molecular interactions between herbal ingredients of SF and human inflammation and cancer through network-pharmacology and molecular docking-based approaches.Methods:Firstly,ingredients and potential targets were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,GeneCards database,Therapeutic Targets Database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database.Then,protein-protein interaction network and medicine-ingredient-target-disease network were established and analyzed via STRING and Cytoscape.Surflex-dock was performed by SybylX-2.0.Finally,functional enrichment and pathway enrichment were achieved by Gene Ontology database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Results:The results showed that 113 components of SF and 53 potential targets were related in the study.SF exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer mechanism through key targets located in nucleus,such as JUN,MYC,RELA,NCOA,PPARG which may trigger the NF-κB pathway,the Bcl-2/Bax pathway and other pathways to effect DNA transcriptional activity.Conclusions:The study predicted the mechanism of SF on cancer and inflammation.According to the results,we suggest that the ingredients of SF effect on DNA bingding and transcription in nuclear receptors-like JUN,MYC,RELA,NCOA,PPARG.the receptors trigger several pathways including NF-κB pathway,the Bcl-2/Bax pathway and others.Eventually,it regulats inflammatory factors and cell proliferation,senescence and apoptosis.

Uncovering the mechanism of Sophora flavescens in the treatment of glioma based on network pharmacology

Glioma is a common primary intracranial tumor with high mortality and postoperative recurrence.Developing efficient therapies with lower toxicity is urgently needed.Sophora flavescens(SF)is a common Chinese medicine used to treat eczema,wet ulcers and itchy skin.Modern pharmacological studies have showed that SF has anti-glioma effects,but the mechanism of action remains unclear.This study aims to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of SF in treating glioma.The active components and related targets of SF were obtained from TCMSP.Genecard and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)databases were used to explore the therapeutic targets for glioma.By making Venn diagram,we obtained 132 common targets of compounds and diseases.STRING databases and Cytoscape were used to construct diagrams of Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)networks.Through the construction of PPI network,potential targets with degree value greater than the median were taken as core targets for further analysis.A total of 66 core targets were screened out.The degree values of TP53,HSP90AA1,MAPK1,and AKT1 were higher,indicating that these genes played important roles in this network.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses were used to further discover the mechanism of active components in SF.Through enrichment analysis,it was found that the core targets were mainly enriched in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,cell senescence related signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.In order to further explore the binding between active components and selected target,molecular docking was carried out.Finally,SwissADME was used to determine whether the compound could cross the blood-brain barrier.Based on network pharmacology,we speculated that matrine and formononetin in SF might inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and cellular senescence related signaling pathway by targeting AKT1,TP53,MAPK1 and other key targets.In summary,this study preliminarily explored the target and mode of action of SF in the treatment of glioma,laying the foundation for further research on its mechanism.

黄蟌属(蜻蜓目:均翅亚目)稚虫形态分类特征稳定性研究

基于线粒体基因COI、核基因ITS序列数据,结合成虫、稚虫相互匹配的方法,文章对蜻蜓目广布种长尾黄蟌Ceriagrion fallax Ris和翠胸黄蟌Ceriagrion auranticum Fraser稚虫的尾鳃和上颚这两个传统的形态鉴定特征的稳定性进行了分析,结果显示:(1)长尾黄蟌稚虫尾鳃黑斑的有无、数量、颜色等特征均不稳定,且与种群、性别无关;(2)两种稚虫的上颚齿式特征在同种群内也呈现明显的不稳定性。因此,两种稚虫的尾鳃和上颚特征不稳定,鉴定时应慎用。这暗示蜻蜓目其他物种的形态特征或存在类似的不稳定性。

五味苦参肠溶胶囊联合沙利度胺片治疗难治性溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察及对炎症因子、免疫功能和氧化应激的影响

目的:探究五味苦参肠溶胶囊联合沙利度胺片治疗难治性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的疗效及对炎症因子、免疫功能和氧化应激的影响。方法:选取2018年6月~2022年6月于某院就诊的86例难治性UC患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组及观察组,每组43例。对照组患者仅给予沙利度胺片治疗,观察组给予沙利度胺片联合五味苦参肠溶胶囊治疗,两组均连续治疗4周。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))水平、炎症因子水平[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)及白介素-10(IL-10)]及氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平、改良Mayo内镜评分、临床疗效及临床症状(腹痛、腹泻、脓血便、肛门灼热)改善时间。结果:治疗后,两组患者CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);CD8^(+)水平较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);hs-CRP、TNF-α、ICAM-1及VCAM-1水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);IL-10水平较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);SOD水平较治疗前升高,MDA水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组的改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者改良Mayo内镜评分较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的临床治疗总有效率(93.02%)高于对照组(79.07%,P<0.05);腹痛、腹泻、脓血便以及肛门灼热等临床症状改善时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:与单用沙利度胺片相比,五味苦参肠溶胶囊联合沙利度胺片可进一步改善难治性UC患者的临床症状,缩短症状改善时间,调节患者体内外周血T淋巴细胞水平,改善炎症因子水平以及氧化应激水平,具有较好的治疗前景,值得临床推广。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨黄芪苦参配伍治疗结肠癌的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学及分子对接技术探讨黄芪苦参药对配伍治疗结肠癌的作用机制。方法根据中药系统药理学据库分析平台(TCMSP)筛选黄芪、苦参的所有活性成分;通过TCGA、GeneCards、OMIM得到结肠癌靶点基因;然后利用Cytoscape3.8.2等软件,建立“药-效物质-靶标”模型。利用PPI进行蛋白质交互作用的网络图谱;使用ClusterProfiler对靶点基因进行进一步GO、KEGG分析。对筛选出的黄芪和苦参的关键活性成分和主要靶点利用AutoDock Vina(1.1.2)进行分子对接验证。结果通过网络药理学、分子对接和生信分析,共筛选获得37个活性成分,167个药物治疗结肠癌的交互靶点基因,2616条GO条目;将涉及的排位前20的主要信号通路作图。分子对接结果显示核心成分与IL6、TNF、TP53、AKT1、IL1B靶点之间有较好的结合力。结论初步揭示了黄芪、苦参药对的物质基础及作用机制,为其治疗结肠癌的临床应用提供了理论基础。

黄蜻稚虫对大鳞副泥鳅仔稚鱼的捕食强度及其捕食选择性

研究了不同龄期黄蜻（Pantala flavescens）稚虫对4种规格（5、15、25、35日龄）大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabuanus）的捕食强度以及黄蜻稚虫对大鳞副泥鳅、摇蚊幼虫和水蚯蚓的捕食选择性。结果表明，黄蜻稚虫对大鳞副泥鳅的捕食强度与稚虫龄期和大鳞副泥鳅日龄均相关，9～12龄期稚虫对大鳞副泥鳅的捕食强度显著高于5～8龄期稚虫。当大鳞副泥鳅达到25日龄后，5～8龄期稚虫不再捕食；当大鳞副泥鳅达到35日龄后，9～12龄期稚虫不再捕食。5～8龄期稚虫对5、15日龄大鳞副泥鳅的摄食率无显著差异，9～12龄期稚虫对5、15、25日龄大鳞副泥鳅的摄食率也无显著差异。黄蜻稚虫对三种饵料均能捕食，对摇蚊幼虫的选择指数最高，其次是水蚯蚓，对大鳞副泥鳅的选择指数最低。