Effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi（SBGFN） as SBGFN-zinc（SBGFN-Zn） on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses and antioxidation of broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 15 birds per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a SBGFN-unsupplemented cornsoybean meal basal diet（control） or the basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg SBGFN kg-（–1） from SBGFN-Zn for 42 d. Dietary SBGFN supplementation affected（P〈0.03） drip loss in thigh muscle, total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px） activity in liver of broilers at 42 d of age. Chicks fed the diets supplemented with 120, 180 and 240 mg SBGFN kg-（–1） had lower（P〈0.03） drip loss of thigh muscle than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed the diet supplemented with 180 mg SBGFN kg-（–1） had higher（P〈0.03） liver T-SOD and GSH-Px activity than those fed the diets supplemented with 0, 60 and 120 mg SBGFN kg-（–1）. The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplementation with 180 mg SBGFN kg-（–1） as SBGFN-Zn improved both meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers.

Effects of Fermented Puffed Feather Meal on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Meat Quality,and Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.

Effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,and plasma metabolites in pigs of different genotypes

Background： The protein/energy ratio is important for the production performance and utilization of available feed resources by animals. Increased protein consumption by mammals leads to elevated feed costs and increased nitrogen release into the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and plasma metabolites of pigs of different genotypes. Methods： Bama mini-pigs and Landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups （Chinese conventional diet with low protein/energy ratio or National Research Council diet with high protein/energy ratio; n = 24 per treatment） in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Blood and muscle samples were collected at the end of the nursery, growing, and finishing phases. Results： We observed significant interactions （P 〈 0.05） between breed and diet for total fat percentage, intramuscular fat （IMF） content, protein content in biceps femoris （BF） muscle, and plasma urea nitrogen （UN） concentration in the nursery phase; for average daily gain （ADG）, average daily feed intake （ADFI）, dry matter, IMF content in psoas major （PM） muscle, and plasma total protein and albumin concentrations in the growing phase; and for drip loss and plasma UN concentration in the finishing phase. Breed influenced （P 〈 0.05） growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, but not plasma metabolites. Throughout the trial, Landrace pigs showed significantly higher （P 〈 0.0_5） ADG, ADFI, dressing percentage, lean mass rate, and loin-eye area than did Bama mini-pigs, but significantly lower （P 〈 0.0.5） feed/gain ratio, fat percentage, backfat thickness, and IMF content. Dietary protein/energy ratio influenced the pH value, chemical composition of BF and PM muscles, and plasma activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and plasma concentration of UN. Conclusions： Compared with Landrace pigs, Bama mini-pigs showed slower growth and lower carcass performance, but had better meat quality. Moreover, unlike Landrace pigs, the dietary protein/energy ratio did not affect the growth performance of Bama mini-pigs. These results suggest that, in swine production, low dietary protein/energy ratio may be useful for reducing feed costs and minimizing the adverse effects of ammonia release into the environment.

Effects of selenium source and level on growth performance, antioxidative ability and meat quality of broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium(Se) source and level on growth performance, carcass traits, antioxidative ability and meat quality of broilers. A total of 320 one-d-old Arbor Acres commercial broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design involving a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments plus one Se-unsupplemented basal diet control for 42 d. The two Se sources were sodium selenite and Se yeast, and the two supplemental Se levels were 0.20 and 0.40 mg Se kg^–1. The results showed that broilers fed the Se-supplemented diets had higher(P<0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake from 22 to 42 d of age, eviscerated yield and abdominal fat percentages, Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities in breast and thigh muscles on d 42, and lower(P<0.05) feed/gain from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, mortality from 22 to 42 d of age and malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration in thigh muscle on d 42 than those fed the control diet. Broilers fed the diets supplemented with Se yeast had higher(P<0.05) p H value and lower(P<0.05) shear force in thigh muscle than those fed the diets supplemented with sodium selenite. Additionally, broilers fed the diets supplemented with 0.40 mg Se kg^–1 had lower(P<0.05) shear force in thigh muscle and higher(P<0.05) GSH-Px activities in breast and thigh muscles than those fed the diets supplemented with 0.20 mg Se kg^–1. Furthermore, broilers fed the diet supplemented with Se yeast at 0.40 mg Se kg^–1 had higher(P<0.05) Se concentrations in breast and thigh muscles than those fed the diet supplemented with Se yeast at 0.20 mg Se kg^–1, but no differences(P<0.05) were observed in these indices of broilers fed the diets supplemented with sodium selenite between 0.20 and 0.40 mg Se kg^–1. The results from the present study indicated that supplemental Se could increase the growth performance, muscle Se concentration and antioxidative ability of broilers;and the Se from Se yeast was more effective than the Se from sodium selenite in improving meat quality of broilers.

Chinese herb feed additives improved the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrient digestibility parameters of pigs

Background:Since the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a critical concern worldwide due to severe threats to human health and environment,we are in need of finding alternatives to antibiotics in pig breeding,maintaining the health of pigs,and getting high-quality pork.As traditional Chinese herbs(TCH)are rich natural resources in China and show great benefits to human health we propose to transfer this abundant resource into animal production industry as additives.Methods:Three groups of Chinese herbs(groups A,B,and C)were used as feed additives in the diet for pigs.In total 32 pigs were arranged in four groups(groups A,B,C,and control group,NC),fed in the same facility,eight pigs(one group)in each colony,free drinking,for 120 days.The feed:gain ratio(F/G),meat quality,total protein,and amino acid concentration of muscle were checked in the experiments.Results:After 120 days of feeding,the feed:gain ratio(F/G)of pigs in groups A,B,and C was decreased 17.56%,9.31%,and 13.86%compared with NC treatment,respectively.The diets supplemented with Chinese herbs improved meat quality,increased loin eye area(especially group A and C showed significant difference,P<.001),the total protein(increased ratio vs NC was A=4.54%,B=0.38%and C=3.53%),amino acid concentration of muscle,increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio,and induced positive effects on serum biochemical parameters and immune function(serum TC and TG concentrations were significantly lower than those in the NC group,P<.05.).Conclusions:The use of Chinese herbal feed additives can reduce the cost of pig breeding and produce high-quality pock.The combination of these effects would contribute to better absorption ability of the intestinal tract and yield a better growth performance.

Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.

Effect of dietary supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ) in the form of PQQ disodium(PQQ·Na2) on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers. A total of 720 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 replicates of 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a PQQ·Na2-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg PQQ·Na2 kg-1 for 42 d. Compared with the control chicks, the chicks fed the diets supplemented with PQQ·Na2 had lower(P<0.05) feed:gain(F/G) during the grower phase and drip losses of breast muscles on day 42. As supplemental PQQ·Na2 level increased, plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) on d 42, liver T-AOC on d 21 and heart T-AOC on d 21 and 42 increased linearly(P<0.05), but malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma, liver and heart on d 21 or 42 decreased linearly(P<0.001) or quadratically(P<0.005). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplemental PQQ·Na2 can improve antioxidant ability and meat quality of broilers, and in general, it is implied that the optimal supplemental PQQ·Na2 level is 0.1 mg kg-1 of diet for broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.

Effects of Nano Chinese Herbal Medicine Feed Additive on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Disease Resistance of Chickens

[Objectives]To explore the effects of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive on growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.[Methods]Chickens were fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive developed by Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology,including 120 chickens in the treatment group and 120 chickens in the control group(CK).The growth performance indices(body weight gain,feed to gain ratio and slaughter index),meat quality indices(pH value,color,drip loss,shear force)and disease resistance indices(morbidity and mortality)of the chickens in the treatment and CK groups were recorded and determined,respectively.[Results]The inclusion of 2%nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet significantly increased the growth rate,reduced the feed-to-gain ratio and improved the meat quality of the chickens.Supplementing Chinese herbal medicine could increase the pH value and reduce the drip loss and shear force of chicken meat.At the same time,the body's immune function,antioxidant level and resistance against diseases of the chickens fed with nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive were improved.[Conclusions]The inclusion of nano compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the diet can improve the growth performance,meat quality and disease resistance of chickens.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteamine on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Status in Finishing Pigs

The current study was to investigate the effects of cysteamine （CS） on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and antioxidant status in finishing pigs. A total of 24 crossbred （PIC variety） finishing pigs （60.05±1.24 kg, 12 gilts and 12 barrows） were assigned randomly to one of the three dietary groups, with four pens/group （one gilt and one barrow per pen）. Pigs were fed with a basal diet containing 0 （control）, 70, or 140 mg/kg CS for 47 days. The results indicated that dietary CS supplementation increased （P〈0.05） the average daily gain and feed intake with optimal responses occurring at 70 mg/kg. Dietary supplementation of CS increased （P〈0.05） the dressing percentage and lean percentage of finishing pigs with optimal responses occurring at 140 mg/kg. The CS supplementation, however, had no effect （P〉0.05） on meat quality. Dietary CS supplementation increased （P〈0.05） total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and decreased malondialdehyde （MDA） with optimal responses occurring at 70 mg/kg. CS supplementation at both 70 mg/kg and 140 mg/kg doses improved （P〈0.05） the muscle RNA/DNA ratio. Collectively, the results suggest dietary supplementation of 70 mg/kg CS could significantly improve growth performance and antioxidant status without adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tracts in finishing pigs while the 140 mg/kg CS supplementation improved the carcass quality. However, meat quality was not affected by CS supplementation.

Growth Performance,Physicochemical Properties of Meat of Broiler Chicken’s Supplemented with Bacillus pumilus

This study examined that the efficiency of Bacillus pumilus(BP)on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens.A total of day old 240 male broiler chicks were purchased from local hatchery Hyderabad.The chicks were allocated into four groups with six replicates of 10 birds in each replicate.Four diets were prepared for experiment,which included control as basal diet,BP-0.1(CONT+0.1%BP),BP-0.2(CONT+0.2%BP)and AGP(CONT+zinc bacitracin 20 ppm)as antibiotic growth promotor.The results showed that live body weight(LBW),average daily gain was recorded higher(P<0.01)in birds fed diet with BP-0.1 than control and BP-0.2 groups,as well as ADFI also increased in BP-0.1 than control group.BP-0.1 supplementation significantly reduced feed conversion ratio(FCR)than other groups(P<0.01).Both moisture and crude protein(CP)content influenced by supplementation of BP-0.1 than other groups.However,birds fed diet with BP-0.1 had least fat content in breast meat compared with the other groups(P<0.01).In addition,BP-0.1probiotic-fed birds had the lowest(P<0.01)pH,cooking loss(CL)and drip loss(DL)as compared to control,BP-0.2 and AGP groups.The water holding capacity(WHC)were found higher in BP-0.1 as compared to other groups(P<0.01).In conclusion,Bacillus pumilus probiotic supplementation is a promising approach for substitution of antibiotics in broiler diet for enhancement of growth performance and physiochemical properties of meat.

Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs

Background:Flammulina velutipes stem waste(FVS)is the by-product of mushroom industry.The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs,and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance,biochemical profile of serum,fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentration,carcass traits,meat quality,intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs.In Exp.1,twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight(IBW)of 37.48±4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments,including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35%FVS.In Exp.2,twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula(IBW:32.56±1.67 kg)were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments,which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0%FVS.In Exp.3,ninety growing pigs(IBW:63.98±6.89 kg)were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d,including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5%and 5%FVS,respectively.Results:The digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis,respectively,and the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50%to 59.47%.Pigs fed diets with 2.5%FVS showed no difference on average daily gain(ADG)and gain to feed ratio(G/F).Although dietary 5%FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of organic matter and gross energy,it elevated the SCFA concentration(P≤0.04)in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum.In addition,dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness(P=0.03)in pigs.The longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition.Dietary 2.5%FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio(V/C)in jejunum(P<0.01),and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation.Conclusions:It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growingfinishing pigs.

Effect of Rapeseed Straw on Growth and Slaughter Performance of Sichuan White Goose

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effects of rapeseed straw on growth and slanghter performance of Sichuan white goose. [ Method ] Totally 400 3-day-old Sichuan white geese were randomly divided into four groups ; geese in control group were fed with the fundamental diet ; geese in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were fed with the fundamental diet containing 5%, 10% and 10% rapeseed straw instead of equal amount of wheat bran, respectively. The body weight and slaughter performance of Sichuan white geese in control group, group 1 and group 2 were determined at 10 weeks of age, while those in group 3 were determined at 14 weeks of age. [ Result] There was no significant difference in gross weight, slaughter weight, eviscerated weight with giblet, head weight, sole weight, wing weight, neck weight, muscular stomach weight and intestine indexes of 10-week-old white geese between group 1 and control group, and between group 2 and con- trol group （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; the live weight slightly decreased. The growth and slaughter performance of 14-week-old Sichuan white geese were significantly higher fllan that of 10-week-old geese （P 〈0.05）, with better meat and flavor, but relatively low average daily gain （P 〈0.05 ） ; there was no significant impact on muscular stomach pH and intestinal pH （P 〉 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Substituting partial wheat bran with rapeseed straw can satisfy the diet requirement of Sichuan white geese, but has no significant impact on its growth and slaughter performance （ P 〉 0.05）.

艾草粉对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、脂质代谢及肠道功能的影响

试验旨在研究艾草粉对红瑶肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、脂质代谢、血清免疫球蛋白、抗氧化能力及肠道功能的影响。试验选取540只健康状况良好的30日龄红瑶肉公鸡随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2%、3%艾草粉组分别饲喂添加2%、3%艾草粉的基础日粮,试验期60 d。试验期间,以每个重复为单位统计其生长性能;在第60天,分别从各重复中取3只鸡,取胸肌和腿肌进行肉品质检测;采集血清,用于脂质代谢等生化指标和抗氧化能力的检测;刮取十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜,检测闭合小环蛋白1(ZO-1)、闭锁蛋白1(CLDN1)、咬合蛋白(Occludin)含量;取盲肠内容物分析肠道微生物多样性及相对丰度的差异。结果显示:与对照组相比,2%、3%艾草粉组肉鸡料重比显著降低(P<0.05);3%艾草粉组肌肉剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),系水力、多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);2%、3%艾草粉组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量、过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),3%艾草粉组血清总胆固醇、丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),白蛋白、总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05);3%艾草粉组小肠黏膜中闭锁蛋白1含量,十二指肠、空肠黏膜中闭合小环蛋白1、咬合蛋白含量均显著增加(P<0.05);2%、3%艾草粉组肉鸡肠道菌群丰富度指数显著提高(P<0.05),肠道菌群中有益微生物厚壁菌门的相对丰度均显著提高(P<0.05),有害微生物变形菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮添加2%~3%艾草粉可显著提高肉鸡生长性能、肉品质,改善脂质代谢,增强试验鸡免疫力和抗氧化能力,提高肠道机械屏障功能以及肠道菌群的丰富度。

高负载硒丁酸梭菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究高负载硒丁酸梭菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标及肉品质的影响。选择体重相近的1日龄健康北京鸭(公)180只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌发酵液(CB组)、高负载硒丁酸梭菌菌体(SCBC组)、高负载硒丁酸梭菌后生元(SCBP组)和高负载硒丁酸梭菌发酵液(SCB组),添加量均为0.3%。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,SCBC组、SCBP组和SCB组21~42日龄、1~42日龄平均日采食量和料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,SCBC组、SCBP组和SCB组屠宰率显著升高(P<0.05),SCBC组和SCBP组全净膛率显著升高(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌率显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),SCBC组和SCB组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P<0.05),各试验组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,各试验组胸肌亮度(L*)值显著降低(P<0.05),SCBC组和SCBP组胸肌红度(a*)值显著升高(P<0.05),SCBP组胸肌蒸煮损失显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,SCBP组腿肌L*值显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组腿肌黄度(b*)值显著降低(P<0.05),SCBP组和SCB组腿肌蒸煮损失显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加高负载硒丁酸梭菌及其后生元均可提高肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能,改善肉品质,增强抗氧化能力,其效果优于普通丁酸梭菌。

高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、抗氧化能力及胸肌肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清脂质指标、抗氧化能力及胸肌肉品质的影响。试验选取180只健康1日龄雄性北京鸭,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组饲喂添加植物乳杆菌菌液的饲粮,Ⅱ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌液的饲粮,Ⅲ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌后生元的饲粮,Ⅳ组饲喂添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌菌体的饲粮,益生菌添加量均为0.4%。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组22~42日龄和1~42日龄平均日增重(ADG)显著升高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组半净膛率显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组屠宰率显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,Ⅱ组胸肌pH显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组胸肌红度(a*)值显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌蒸煮损失显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加高负载硒植物乳杆菌及其后生元均可提高肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能,改善脂类代谢,提高抗氧化能力,改善肉品质。

共轭亚油酸对边鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和抗氧化能力以及其在肌肉中富集的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平共轭亚油酸(CLA)对边鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质和抗氧化能力以及其在肌肉中富集的影响。试验选取360只体重相近的90日龄边鸡公鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组在基础饲粮中添加2.0%大豆油,试验组在对照组饲粮基础上分别以0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%的CLA等量替代大豆油。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组边鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),0.5%CLA组料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,1.5%CLA组边鸡胸肌pH显著提高(P<0.05),且胸肌肌纤维直径显著降低(P<0.05);2.0%CLA组胸肌肌纤维直径和面积显著提高(P<0.05);0.5%和1.5%CLA组腿肌肌纤维直径和面积均极显著降低(P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和1.5%CLA组边鸡血清甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05),1.5%和2.0%CLA组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),1.0%和1.5%CLA组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加不同水平CLA均极显著提高边鸡胸肌和腿肌CLA含量(P<0.01),且均在1.5%CLA组富集量达到最高。5)与对照组相比,各试验组边鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著提高(P<0.05);1.5%CLA组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著提高(P<0.01),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),且血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);同时,1.5%CLA组胸肌和腿肌T-AOC以及GSH-Px、SOD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著提高(P<0.01),胸肌和腿肌MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,边鸡饲粮中添加CLA可以降低ADFI和F/G,调节脂质代谢,提高肌肉CLA富集量,改善肉品质,并提高机体抗氧化能力;在本试验条件下,边鸡饲粮中CLA适宜添加水平为1.5%。

饲粮添加甜叶菊绿原酸对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究在非常规饲粮中添加甜叶菊绿原酸(SCA)对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取48头初始体重为(95.50±3.90)kg的健康“杜×长×大”育肥猪,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂非常规基础饲粮,SCA组在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg SCA。试验期31 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加SCA有提高育肥猪平均日增重(ADG)(P=0.063)和降低料重比(F/G)(P=0.093)的趋势。2)与对照组相比,SCA组宰前重(P=0.055)和眼肌面积(P=0.089)有提高趋势,背膘厚有降低趋势(P=0.057)。3)与对照组相比,SCA组背最长肌24 h黄度值显著降低(P<0.05),48 h黄度值有降低趋势(P=0.062),大理石纹评分显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,SCA组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量有提高趋势(P=0.065),血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,SCA组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和背最长肌总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清T-SOD(P=0.061)、GSH-Px(P=0.072)以及肝脏T-SOD活性(P=0.087)均有提高趋势。6)对生长性能、胴体性状与血清免疫指标、抗氧化能力进行相关性分析发现,血清IgG含量与ADG呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与F/G呈显著负相关(P<0.05);血清MDA含量与ADG呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与F/G呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与宰前重和眼肌面积均呈显著负相关(P<0.05);肝脏GSH-Px活性与宰前重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。对肌肉品质与抗氧化能力进行相关性分析发现,血清MDA含量与肌肉24 h黄度值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与24 h黄度值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与大理石纹评分呈显著负相关(P<0.05);血清T-SOD活性与大理石纹评分呈显著正相关(P<0.05);血清CAT活性与24 h黄度值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,在非常规饲粮中添加200 mg/kg SCA有改善育肥猪生长性能和免疫功能的趋势,并且能显著增强机体抗氧化能力,提高肌肉大理石纹评分,改善肉色。

蝉花菌质对大黄鱼幼鱼生长和代谢的影响

为探究饲料中添加蝉花菌质对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力、体色、肉质和肠道代谢的影响,将初始体质量为(16.50±1.10)g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分为4组,试验组分别添加1%、3%和5%的蝉花菌质(IC1、IC3、IC5组),对照组不添加蝉花菌质(IC0组),进行了为期56 d的饲养试验。试验结果显示:(1)对照组和试验组之间幼鱼的存活率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但试验组幼鱼的体质量增长率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)试验组与对照组的血清丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性没有显著性差异(P>0.05);(3)大黄鱼腹部体色的L^(*)值(亮度值)和a^(*)值(红度值)在试验组与对照组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但IC3和IC5组的b^(*)值(黄度值)显著高于IC0和IC1组(P<0.05);(4)与对照组相比,试验组背部肌肉的硬度、黏附性、内聚性、弹性、胶粘性和咀嚼性均无显著性差异(P>0.05);(5)肠道代谢方面,20种含量最高的小分子代谢物中,脂质和类脂分子的代谢物数量最多,与对照组相比,试验组中有6种代谢物显著上调,10种代谢物显著下调,其中Trigoneoside XIIIa和Radiprodil上调幅度最大。结果表明,饲料中添加蝉花菌质可以促进大黄鱼幼鱼的生长,改善体色,提高肠道中有益代谢物的数量。

Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on growth performance and growth-related hormones in meat sheep

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormones in meat sheep and to determine the optimum dosage of Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids to add to the basal diet of dry lotfeeding meat sheep. Sixty meat sheep(initial body weight = 39.9 ± 3.2 kg; 6-month-old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups(15 sheep per group). The sheep in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the 3 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at 11.22 and 33 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein at d 0.15, 30, 45, and 60 to determine the neuroendocrine hormone levels. The fasting weight of the sheep was measured during the experimental period, and feed offered and refusals were recorded daily. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids from 11 to 33 mg/kg significantly increased the daily weight gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.05) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), but there were no differences among the supplementation groups(P>0.05). Starting on d 30, the growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)levels in the sera of the sheep in the supplementation groups increased significantly(P<0.05), and the increases occurred in a time-dependent manner. Compared with control group, after d 30, the serum corticosterone(CORT) levels were reduced in the sheep that consumed the basal diet supplemented with22 mg/kg flavonoids(P<0.05), but among the other experimental groups, there was a non-significant effect(P>0.05). The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were increased by the supplementation of flavonoids, but compared with the control group, the effect was not significant. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at levels from 11 to 33 mg/kg had a significant effect on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormone levels of meat sheep, and the effect occurred in a time-dependent manner. The effect was especially obvious after 30 d of feeding.

Dietary supplementation with acidifiers improves the growth performance, meat quality and intestinal health of broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation with acidifiers on the growth performance,meat quality,and intestinal health of broiler chickens.A total of 648 male Arbor Acres broiler chickens at 1 d old were randomly divided into 6 groups,and each group consisted of 6 replicates with 18 broilers per replicate.The dietary treatments were as follows:negative control(NC,the basal diet),NC+antibiotic(enramycin,8 mg/kg,positive control[PC]),NC+phosphoric acid(PA,0.1,0.2,and 0.3 g/kg),and NC+lactic acid(LA,0.3 g/kg).The feeding trial lasted for 42 d.The results showed that the feed-to-gain ratio of the NC+acidifier groups was lower than that of the NC and PC groups from 1 to 42 d(P<0.05).Compared with the values in the NC group,the pH of breast muscle was significantly higher in the NC+PA(0.2 g/kg)and LA(0.3 g/kg)groups(P<0.05),and the cooking loss was lower in the breast muscle of the NC+PA(0.1 g/kg)and LA(0.3 g/kg)groups(P<0.05).In addition,the shear force of the breast muscle and thigh muscle and the pH value in the crop,gizzard and duodenum of the antibiotic and acidifier groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Moreover,the trypsin,chymotrypsin,and lipase activities of the duodenum in the NC+PA(0.2 and 0.3 g/kg)groups,as well as the villus height-to-crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio of the duodenum in the NC+PA(0.1 g/kg)group was significantly greater(P<0.05)compared with those in the NC group.Meanwhile,the number of total aerobic bacteria,Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the cecum of the NC+PA(0.1 g/kg)and LA(0.3 g/kg)groups were decreased(P<0.05).Collectively,diet supplementation with acidifiers could improve the growth per-formance,meat quality,and intestinal health of broilers,in which the effects of PA(0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg)are better than the other supplementations.