Zero-sequence Current Suppressing Strategy for Dual Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Connected with Single Neutral Point

Dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machines(DTP-PMSM)connected with a single neutral point provide a loop for zero-sequence current(ZSC).This paper proposes a novel space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)strategy to suppress the ZSC.Five vectors are selected as basic voltage vectors in one switching period.The fundamental and harmonic planes and the zero-sequence plane are taken into consideration to synthesis the reference voltage vector.To suppress the ZSC,a non-zero zero-sequence voltage(ZSV)is generated to compensate the third harmonic back-EMF.Rather than triangular carrier modulation,the sawtooth carrier modulation strategy is used to generate asymmetric PWM signals.The modulation range is investigated to explore the variation of modulation range caused by considering the zero-sequence plane.With the proposed method,the ZSC can be considerably reduced.The simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.

Development of data acquisition and over-current protection systems for a suppressor-grid current with a neutral-beam ion source

Neutral beam injection is one of the effective auxiliary heating methods in magnetic-confinementfusion experiments. In order to acquire the suppressor-grid current signal and avoid the grid being damaged by overheating, a data acquisition and over-current protection system based on the PXI（PCI e Xtensions for Instrumentation） platform has been developed. The system consists of a current sensor, data acquisition module and over-current protection module. In the data acquisition module,the acquired data of one shot will be transferred in isolation and saved in a data-storage server in a txt file. It can also be recalled using NBWave for future analysis. The over-current protection module contains two modes： remote and local. This gives it the function of setting a threshold voltage remotely and locally, and the forbidden time of over-current protection also can be set by a host PC in remote mode. Experimental results demonstrate that the data acquisition and overcurrent protection system has the advantages of setting forbidden time and isolation transmission.

Current optimization-based control of dual three-phase PMSM for low-frequency temperature swing reduction

In this paper,a control scheme based on current optimization is proposed for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor(DTP-PMSM)drive to reduce the low-frequency temperature swing.The reduction of temperature swing can be equivalent to reducing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss in this paper.First,a two-level optimization aiming at minimizing maximum instantaneous phase copper loss at each electrical angle is proposed.Then,the optimization is transformed to a singlelevel optimization by introducing the auxiliary variable for easy solving.Considering that singleobjective optimization trades a great total copper loss for a small reduction of maximum phase copper loss,the optimization considering both instantaneous total copper loss and maximum phase copper loss is proposed,which has the same performance of temperature swing reduction but with lower total loss.In this way,the proposed control scheme can reduce maximum junction temperature by 11%.Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme for low-frequency temperature swing reduction.

Research on uninterruptable power supply technology for auxiliary winding of electric locomotive while passing the neutral section

Purpose–Auxiliary power system is an indispensable part of the train;the auxiliary systems of both electric locomotives and EMUs mainly are powered by one of the two ways,which are either from auxiliary windings of traction transformers or from DC-link voltage of traction converters.Powered by DC-link voltage of traction converters,the auxiliary systems were maintained of uninterruptable power supply with energy from electric braking.Meanwhile,powered by traction transformers,the auxiliary systems were always out of power while passing the neutral section of power supply grid and control system is powered by battery at this time.Design/methodology/approach–Uninterrupted power supply of auxiliary power system powered by auxiliary winding of traction transformer was studied.Failure reasons why previous solutions cannot be realized are analyzed.An uninterruptable power supply scheme for the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers is proposed in this paper.The validity of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results and on-site operation of an upgraded HXD3C type locomotive.This scheme is attractive for upgrading practical locomotives with the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers.Findings–This scheme regenerates braking power supplied to auxiliary windings of traction transformers while a locomotive runs in the neutral section of the power supply grid.Control objectives of uninterrupted power supply technology are proposed,which are no overvoltage,no overcurrent and uninterrupted power supply.Originality/value–The control strategies of the scheme ensure both overvoltage free and inrush current free when a locomotive enters or leaves the neutral section.Furthermore,this scheme is cost low by employing updated control strategy of software and add both the two current sensors and two connection wires of hardware.

First Achievement of Plasma Heating for EAST Neutral Beam Injector

As one of the most effective methods for plasma heating,a neutral beam injector（NBI） achieved plasma heating and current driving for the first time in EAST 2014 experimental campaign.According to the research plan of the EAST physics experiment,the first NBI（EASTNBI-1） has been built and become operational in 2014.In this article,the latest experiment results of EAST-NBI-1 are reported as follows：（1） EAST achieves H-mode plasma in the case of NBI heating alone,（2） EAST achieves 22 s long pulse stable H-mode plasma in the case of sinndtaneous NBI and lower hybrid wave（LHW） heating.The measurement data show that the loop voltage decreased and the plasma stored energy increased obviously.The results indicate that EAST-NBI-1 has achieved plasma heating and current driving,and thus lays a foundation for the construction of EAST-NBI-2,which will be built in a few months this year.

The Research on Neutral Grounding Scheme of Fengxian 35kV and 10 kV Power Grid

Combined with actual situation of Fengxian power Supply Company, the neutral grounding modes of Fengxian 35 kV and 10 kV power grid are studied in the paper. The different frequencies injected method is used to measure the capacitive current of Fengxian 28 substations, and the neutral grounding modes of the 28 substations are determined based on the measured values of capacitive current.

Study on the influence of the subsurface buoy＇s vibration on the vector sensor due to ocean current

Subsurface buoy systems,especially equipped with the vector sensor,have more and more extensive applications in military and civilian regions.However,their acoustic performances are constrained by the vibration resulting from the unavoidable ocean current in some degree.The influence of such vibrations is quantitatively analyzed by means of modeling the simplified models of two deployment configurations involving the positive buoyant buoy and neutral buoy system.The corresponding formulas are deduced respectively for the deployment configuration buoy systems in the motion state firstly.Then the simulation software is developed and some numerical simulations are put up via the Runge-Kutta method.The simulation results and theoretical analysis indicate that the neutral buoy will be an excellent design protocol in engineering application in comparison with the positive buoyant buoy.

Over Voltage Fault due to Disconnection of Consumer’s Transformer Neutral Wire

Practically,the load currents in three phases are asymmetric in the power system.It means that the impedances are different in all three phases.If the consumer’s transformer neutral cut off and/or was disconnected from the neutral of power supply source,then there will be some trouble and failure occurred.The current in the neutral wire drops down to zero when the neutral wire is cut off and the phase currents of all three-phase equal to each other since there was no return wire.The currents are equal but the voltages at the phase consumers are different.Especially for residential single-phase consumers,the voltage at the consumers of the phase varies differently for three phase systems when the neutral wire was disconnected at consumer side and even the voltage at the consumers one or two of those three phases becomes over nominal voltage or reaches nearly line voltage.In this case,the electronic appliances in that phase will be fed by high voltage than the rated value and they can be broken down.In the power system of UB(Ulaanbaatar)city,there are some occasional such kind of failures every year.Obviously,many electronic appliances were broken down due to high voltage and the electricity utility companies respond for service charge of damaged parts.

三电平辅助变流器寿命优化控制

辅助变流系统是动车组车辆上关键的电气组成部分,主要为空调机组、风机、照明等交流负载提供稳定的三相电源。结温是影响动车组三电平辅助变流器IGBT(Insulated-gate Bipolar Transistor)模块寿命的主要因素。为了提高动车组三电平中点钳位(Neutral-Point Clamped,NPC)型辅助变流器寿命,提出一种降低结温的模型预测电流控制(Model Predictive Current Control,MPCC)策略。首先,考虑传统MPCC在每个采样周期需要代入27个电压矢量循环计算,计算量较大,因此将三电平基本电压矢量划分在间隔60°的6个扇区中,通过计算电压矢量在两相静止坐标下的相角,进而判断参考电压矢量所处扇区,将备选矢量数目从27缩减至10,减少了计算量;其次,传统MPCC直接应用于动车组辅助变流器会使IGBT模块的结温较高,老化速度加快,对变流器安全稳定运行产生不可预测的损害,本文对IGBT模块的开关损耗和导通损耗进行近似等效,得到了和集射极电压、集电极电流相关的功率损耗因子。通过预测每相电流的方向,进而预测IGBT模块的开关和导通情况,动态加入功率损耗因子,并在代价函数中约束每相IGBT及其续流二极管(Free Wheeling Diode,FWD)的功率损耗,使得最优电压矢量在降低功率损耗的同时保证一定的控制性能。通过仿真与实验验证,本文所提方法相比传统MPCC策略降低了功率器件的结温,提高了变流器寿命。

特高压直流换流站短路电流超标机理及抑制措施研究

随着电网规模的不断扩大,短路电流不断上升,成为制约电网发展的关键问题。针对特高压直流送端换流站单相与三相短路电流均超标,并且单相短路电流甚至大于三相短路电流的问题,分析了其产生的原因及机理,并从短路电流抑制效果、经济性以及电网运行可靠性等多个维度比较了不同短路电流限制措施,研究表明:串联电抗器与变压器中性点小电抗的组合方案最适合解决此类短路电流超标问题。兼顾方案经济性以及降低对电网运行的影响,提出了串联电抗器与变压器中性点小电抗组合方案的参数实用设计方法,简易方便,可为解决特高压直流换流站短路电流超标问题提供参考。

一种适用三电平并联系统的虚拟矢量调制策略

直流侧中点电位平衡和零序环流抑制是保证三电平逆变器并联系统正常运行的重要问题,然而基于冗余小矢量对调节的环流抑制方案进一步增加空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)中点电流无法对称消除的场景,加剧双机系统中点电位不平衡程度。该文基于虚拟矢量合成思路,提出一种满足零序环流抑制和中点电位平衡需求的双机虚拟矢量调制方法。该方法重新定义虚拟中矢量,通过缩短中矢量作用时间和增加参与合成的对称冗余小矢量以减少中点电流不平衡场景;分析不同扇区不同控制目标下虚拟矢量合成规则,利用相占空比法优化虚拟矢量的作用顺序,减少矢量合成过程中的开关次数。与传统SVPWM策略下中点电压变化量的对比分析表明,所提方法能够削弱环流抑制和中点电位平衡的耦合关系。最后,利用Starsim平台实验验证该策略的有效性。

电容电压平衡的四电平有源中性点钳位逆变器的改进模型预测电流控制

多电平有源中点钳位(ANPC)逆变器具有功率器件电压应力小、电流谐波低和器件损耗可调控等优点,被广泛应用于工业驱动中。针对四电平ANPC(4L-ANPC)逆变器的控制与调制研究相对较少,现有的调制方案实现复杂,中点电压(NPV)控制难度较大。因此,该文针对三相4L-ANPC逆变器,提出一种改进的有限集模型预测电流控制(FS-MPCC)算法,避免了复杂的调制过程。首先,使用仅包含电流误差的代价函数对位于六边形顶点的6个大电压矢量进行寻优;其次,对参与第一步寻优的大矢量划分扇区,使用包含电流误差和电容电压误差的代价函数对最优大矢量所在扇区的所有电压矢量滚动寻优,得到目标电压矢量并作用于逆变器;最后,仿真和实验结果表明,与传统的FS-MPCC相比,所提方法在降低系统计算负担的同时,还具有较好的控制性能和电容电压平衡能力。

基于中性线电流离散分析治理三相负荷不平衡

当三相负荷不平衡时,必然会引起中性线电流的产生。针对三种不同三相负荷不平衡条件下中性线电流的变化情况,建立与之对应的三相负荷不平衡度算法模型。采用中性线电流的离散分析建立三相负荷不平衡度算法,作为三相负荷不平衡治理的有效判据,结合试验分析,得到了三相负荷不平衡度与中性线电流的变化规律,并应用于低压供配电系统三相负荷不平衡的治理分析。结果表明:所提三相负荷不平衡度算法对低压供配电系统三相负荷不平衡的治理具有较强的实用性。提出的以三相负荷不平衡度为自适应变量,以中性线电流为过程监测量,采用有功调配与无功补偿相结合策略,能够有效反映三相负荷不平衡的治理情况。

1A级射频感性耦合等离子体中和器电子引出特性研究

为解决低轨道吸气式离子电推力器的电中和问题,设计了一套抗氧化能力强、长寿命的1 A级氙工质感性耦合等离子体中和器,实验研究了发射孔径对其电子引出特性的影响。实验结果表明:发射孔径的变化,会对中和器电子引出电压、饱和电流和工质利用系数产生较大的影响,且在部分孔径下发现了电子束流随引出电压上升时出现二次跃变现象,根据工质利用系数和电子引出功耗比确定出中和器最优发射孔径为1.5 mm;电子束流引出为1 A时,工质利用系数达到27.7,电子引出功耗比为94.6 W/A。同时,测试了中和器温度对工作稳定性的影响,中和器热平衡状态下与点火初期相比中和器电子引出性能下降约10%。

地铁杂散电流对变压器直流偏磁的影响分析

地铁运行过程中泄漏的杂散电流引起地电位波动变化,易导致附近接地变压器出现直流偏磁现象。为解决此类问题,首先,建立了地铁运行等值电阻网络模型,实现杂散电流实时数值计算;然后,进一步推导了杂散电流场位方程,实现地铁机车运行时附近大地电位空间分布的动态模拟;最后,基于杂散电流引起的大地电位分布结果与交流电网的等效直流电阻模型,实现接地变压器偏磁直流和励磁电流的数值计算,建立中性点直流量和波形畸变率偏移度评判指标,可有效评估变压器直流偏磁程度。仿真结果表明,机车运行工况及机车间距对变压器直流偏磁影响明显,制定合理的地铁运行策略可有效削弱附近变电站直流偏磁干扰。

T型三电平逆变器非对称矢量脉冲宽度调制相电流重构策略

针对T型三电平逆变器中点电流单传感器传统相电流重构方法存在不可观测区的问题,分析中点电流采样过程中不可观测区的存在机理,提出非对称矢量脉冲宽度调制相电流重构策略。通过移位PWM波延长基本电压矢量的作用时间,消除不可观测区,实现相电流重构。实验结果表明,所提方法的电流重构误差低于2.2%,输出相电流畸变率低于3.48%。

基于钳位方式切换的Vienna整流器载波断续脉冲宽度调制策略

当Vienna整流器工作在直流电压不平衡条件下时,传统载波断续脉宽调制(carried-based discontinuous pulse-width modulation,CB-DPWM)会增加输入电流谐波和中点电压波动。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于钳位方式切换的CB-DPWM策略。为了减小输入电流谐波,根据变化的电压矢量对子区域和零序分量进行重新划分和计算。据此,建立统一的CB-DPWM调制波,分析可运行区域,得到直流电压不平衡度和可运行区域成反比的结论。结合中点电流分析不同钳位方式对中点电压大小的影响,并根据直流电压不平衡度的大小实时切换钳位方式,从而有效地减小中点电压波动。通过钳位区域判断和优化开关序列,减少切换钳位方式引入的开关动作,提高了Vienna整流器效率。最后,在Vienna整流器实验平台上验证所提策略的有效性。

220kV变压器中压侧中性点经小电抗接地的运行分析

北京电网分区运行,其中枢纽站的接地方式关系整个电网运行,K分区中的A变电站采用220 kV变压器中压侧中性点经小电抗接地的运行方式。分析了该分区的主变中性点接地情况、A变电站的等值网络,同时计算了A变电站的短路容量、不同主变并列运行时的单相短路电流,计算表明,中性点经小电抗接地后可降低其单相短路电流,满足设备热稳定性要求。同时提出中性点小电抗投运后对现场运行、倒闸操作的要求。

电网构成对偏磁直流分布作用特征分析

高压直流输电引起的变压器直流偏磁现象会对交流电网造成不利影响影响,研究交流电网电压等级、结构等因素对偏磁直流分布的作用机理与特征,能够为治理措施提供理论参考。基于复杂网络理论和变电站偏磁直流计算模型,分析了不同电压等级电网对系统中性点直流分布的贡献与作用特征,研究了中性点直流分布对不同电压等级电网的敏感性,最后,以多电压等级电力系统为例,验证了上述理论分析结论。研究结果可为规避与治理变压器直流偏磁风险提供理论支撑。

基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开关管和电流传感器故障诊断

为提高中点钳位型三电平(3L-NPC)并网逆变器故障诊断的准确性和可靠性,针对其开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障,提出一种基于自适应滑模观测器的开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障同时诊断方法。该方法首先针对3L-NPC并网逆变器,设计一种收敛速度快且能显著抑制抖振的自适应滑模观测器来精确估计正常状态下的三相电流值;其次,利用实际电流和估计电流设计了故障检测变量;同时,利用实际三相电流之和以及估计三相电流之和来区分开关管故障和电流传感器故障;在此基础上,构造开关管故障定位变量和电流传感器故障识别变量,实现开关管开路故障的准确定位以及电流传感器故障类型的快速识别。实验结果验证了该文所提诊断算法的有效性和鲁棒性。