Intensive labor chores for broiler production could be reduced by using automated systems.However,broilers’response toward automated systems remains unclear.The experiments were conducted to determine the avoidance d...Intensive labor chores for broiler production could be reduced by using automated systems.However,broilers’response toward automated systems remains unclear.The experiments were conducted to determine the avoidance distance(AD)and the fleeing speed(FS)of 4-8 weeks old broilers toward two aerial systems,a rail with a dummy arm and a drone,operated at different speeds(0.2-1.2 m/s),and heights(0.3-1.8 m)in a commercial broiler house.The broiler AD to a human assessor was also determined for comparison.Results show that the overall mean and standard error(SE)of broiler AD were 63±3 cm for the assessor,58±1 cm for the rail,and 85±1 cm for the drone.As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8,broiler AD reduced significantly from 82 to 45 cm for the rail but showed no significant change for the drone.As the operational speed increased,broiler AD significantly increased from 54 cm(0.2 m/s)to 62 cm(0.4 m/s)for the rail,and from 81 cm(0.4 m/s)to 89 cm(1.2 m/s)for the drone.As the operational height increased,broiler AD increased from 54 cm(0.3 m)to 57 cm(1.5 m)for the rail and 81 cm(1.2 m)to 88 cm(1.8 m)for the drone.Overall mean and SE of broiler FS were 0.21±0.01 m/s for the rail and 0.65±0.01 m/s for the drone.As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8,the mean broiler FS decreased from 0.47 to 0.07 m/s for the rail and from 0.84 to 0.16 m/s for the drone.Increasing operational speed from 0.2 to 0.4 m/s for the rail and from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s for the drone significantly increased the mean FS from 0.18 to 0.24 m/s and from 0.52 to 0.78 m/s,respectively.Increasing the height of the rail from 0.3 to 1.5 m decreased the broiler FS from 0.27 to 0.16 m/s.However,increasing drone height from 1.2 to 1.8 m retained a similar FS.The outcomes of this study can help to better understand the interaction of broilers with aerial systems and provide insights into the optimization of robotic operational strategies while maintaining good broiler welfare production.展开更多
在开顶式气室(open top chamber,OTC)内,检测了旋转布气法的气体交换效能和对O3分布的均匀性及稳定性,研究了O3体积分数升高对水稻(Oryza sativaL.)光合速率、生物量和产量的原位影响.经实验检测,旋转布气法能使O3在OTC内分布比较均匀...在开顶式气室(open top chamber,OTC)内,检测了旋转布气法的气体交换效能和对O3分布的均匀性及稳定性,研究了O3体积分数升高对水稻(Oryza sativaL.)光合速率、生物量和产量的原位影响.经实验检测,旋转布气法能使O3在OTC内分布比较均匀、稳定,满足OTC内布气要求,使气室内外最大温差为1.87℃;同时实验还表明O3体积分数的升高减少了水稻叶片光合速率、抑制了生物量的累积和降低了水稻的产量.在O3体积分数为1×10-7和2×10-7暴露下,水稻叶片光合速率分别比对照降低38.6%和53.9%,地上生物量累积速率分别降低8.8%和32.3%,产量分别降低10.1%和53.1%.结果表明,该旋转布气方法性能稳定,可广泛用于大气特定成分变化对近地层生态系统的原位影响研究.展开更多
文摘Intensive labor chores for broiler production could be reduced by using automated systems.However,broilers’response toward automated systems remains unclear.The experiments were conducted to determine the avoidance distance(AD)and the fleeing speed(FS)of 4-8 weeks old broilers toward two aerial systems,a rail with a dummy arm and a drone,operated at different speeds(0.2-1.2 m/s),and heights(0.3-1.8 m)in a commercial broiler house.The broiler AD to a human assessor was also determined for comparison.Results show that the overall mean and standard error(SE)of broiler AD were 63±3 cm for the assessor,58±1 cm for the rail,and 85±1 cm for the drone.As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8,broiler AD reduced significantly from 82 to 45 cm for the rail but showed no significant change for the drone.As the operational speed increased,broiler AD significantly increased from 54 cm(0.2 m/s)to 62 cm(0.4 m/s)for the rail,and from 81 cm(0.4 m/s)to 89 cm(1.2 m/s)for the drone.As the operational height increased,broiler AD increased from 54 cm(0.3 m)to 57 cm(1.5 m)for the rail and 81 cm(1.2 m)to 88 cm(1.8 m)for the drone.Overall mean and SE of broiler FS were 0.21±0.01 m/s for the rail and 0.65±0.01 m/s for the drone.As bird age increased from week 4 to week 8,the mean broiler FS decreased from 0.47 to 0.07 m/s for the rail and from 0.84 to 0.16 m/s for the drone.Increasing operational speed from 0.2 to 0.4 m/s for the rail and from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s for the drone significantly increased the mean FS from 0.18 to 0.24 m/s and from 0.52 to 0.78 m/s,respectively.Increasing the height of the rail from 0.3 to 1.5 m decreased the broiler FS from 0.27 to 0.16 m/s.However,increasing drone height from 1.2 to 1.8 m retained a similar FS.The outcomes of this study can help to better understand the interaction of broilers with aerial systems and provide insights into the optimization of robotic operational strategies while maintaining good broiler welfare production.
文摘在开顶式气室(open top chamber,OTC)内,检测了旋转布气法的气体交换效能和对O3分布的均匀性及稳定性,研究了O3体积分数升高对水稻(Oryza sativaL.)光合速率、生物量和产量的原位影响.经实验检测,旋转布气法能使O3在OTC内分布比较均匀、稳定,满足OTC内布气要求,使气室内外最大温差为1.87℃;同时实验还表明O3体积分数的升高减少了水稻叶片光合速率、抑制了生物量的累积和降低了水稻的产量.在O3体积分数为1×10-7和2×10-7暴露下,水稻叶片光合速率分别比对照降低38.6%和53.9%,地上生物量累积速率分别降低8.8%和32.3%,产量分别降低10.1%和53.1%.结果表明,该旋转布气方法性能稳定,可广泛用于大气特定成分变化对近地层生态系统的原位影响研究.
