Recently, great efforts have been made in the fabrication of arbitrary warped devices to satisfy the requirement of wearable and lightweight electronic products. Direct growth of high crystalline quality films on flex...Recently, great efforts have been made in the fabrication of arbitrary warped devices to satisfy the requirement of wearable and lightweight electronic products. Direct growth of high crystalline quality films on flexible substrates is the most desirable method to fabricate flexible devices owing to the advantage of simple and compatible preparation technology with current semiconductor devices, while it is a very challenging work, and usually amorphous, polycrystalline or discontinuous single crystalline films are achieved. Here we demonstrate the direct growth of high-quality Bi2 Te3 single crystalline films on flexible polyimide substrates by the modified hot wall epitaxy technique. Experimental results reveal that adjacent crystallites are coherently coalesced to form a continuous film, although amounts of disoriented crystallites are generated due to fast growth rate. By inserting a quartz filter into the growth tube, the number density of disoriented crystallites is effectively reduced owing to the improved spiral interaction. Furthermore, flexible Bi2 Te3 photoconductors are fabricated and exhibit strong near-infrared photoconductive response under different degrees of bending, which also confirms the obtained fexible films suitable for electronic applications.展开更多
Along with the popularity of environmental protection concepts, the environmental treatment of water pollution attracts widespread attention, among which, the research on Bi-based semiconductor photocatalytic degradat...Along with the popularity of environmental protection concepts, the environmental treatment of water pollution attracts widespread attention, among which, the research on Bi-based semiconductor photocatalytic degradation technology has made great progress. However, the development of such bismuth-based composites still remains a challenging task due to difficult recovery and low catalytic efficiency. Herein, a novel CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composite was successfully synthesized through two-step hydrothermal method using activated flexible carbon cloth as a substrate. The results of the photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that the obtained CC/BiPO<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> composites can degrade 92.1% RhB in 60 min under UV-visible light irradiation, which was much higher than that of unloaded BiPO4</sub> (24.4%) and BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> (52.9%), exhibiting a better adsorption-photocatalytic degradation performance than BiPO4</sub> and BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub>. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the improved photocatalytic activity was due to the more effective inhibition of photogenerated carrier complexation. Furthermore, the radical capture experiments confirmed that h<sup>+</sup>, ·OH and O<sub>2</sub>-</sup> were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation process of RhB by the CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composites. More importantly, the prepared CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composite had a simple separation process and good recycling stability, and its photocatalytic degradation efficiency can still reach 53.3% after six cycles of RhB degradation. .展开更多
针对冬季多能源耦合下的热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)电功率调节能力受限于热功率输出,引起电-热联合系统灵活性不足的问题。该文提出了在网侧与负荷侧异质能流的惯性特征下计及用户温度动态响应以及动态反馈特性的联合...针对冬季多能源耦合下的热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)电功率调节能力受限于热功率输出,引起电-热联合系统灵活性不足的问题。该文提出了在网侧与负荷侧异质能流的惯性特征下计及用户温度动态响应以及动态反馈特性的联合优化运行方法。首先,从建立CHP可行域与运行点的分布特性出发,分析了可再生能源并网后CHP机组运行灵活性不足原因,并给出了不可运行点重新回归CHP运行域优化的措施。其次,构建了传输侧惯性、负荷侧惯性影响下用户温度动态响应的多时间耦合特征双层模型,上层目标为热电异构能源系统总成本最低,下层目标为用能总效用最低。最后,引入了机会约束规划来刻画可再生能源的不确定性,通过算例结果表明,该文所提出方法在保证大量CHP运行点重新收束情况下,实现了可再生能源消纳与用户用能体验的兼顾。展开更多
随着分布式柔性制造系统的广泛普及,制造系统的调度决策从集中式的单一节点向分布式多中心的模式转变,分布式柔性作业车间调度问题成为近年来的研究热点。为求解分布式柔性作业车间的调度问题,构建了以最小化总成本和总拖期为优化目标...随着分布式柔性制造系统的广泛普及,制造系统的调度决策从集中式的单一节点向分布式多中心的模式转变,分布式柔性作业车间调度问题成为近年来的研究热点。为求解分布式柔性作业车间的调度问题,构建了以最小化总成本和总拖期为优化目标的分布式柔性作业车间调度(DFJSP,Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem)模型,提出了一种结合分布估计和禁忌搜索的H-EDA-TS算法(Hybrid Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Tabu Search Algorithm)。根据DFJSP模型和H-EDA-TS算法设计了三维编码方案。H-EDA-TS算法主要包括EDA组件和TS组件,在EDA组件部分设计了三个概率模型用于抽样生成种群;在TS组件部分针对优化目标设计了五种邻域结构用于生成邻域解。此外,基于sigmoid函数设计了一种自适应机制,用于控制TS组件的启动。最后,在不同规模的实例上进行了对比实验,证明了所提算法对于求解DFJSP具有明显优势。展开更多
负荷高密度地区现有的输电通道有限且系统内灵活性电源的占比较低,应对源端可再生能源及荷端负荷需求随机性波动的调节能力不足。储能系统(energy storage system,ESS)作为一种高效的灵活性资源,具有响应的快速性和功率双向转化的优点,...负荷高密度地区现有的输电通道有限且系统内灵活性电源的占比较低,应对源端可再生能源及荷端负荷需求随机性波动的调节能力不足。储能系统(energy storage system,ESS)作为一种高效的灵活性资源,具有响应的快速性和功率双向转化的优点,可以为电力系统提供灵活性支撑,基于双层规划模型建立了提升负荷高密度地区整体和局部灵活性的储能优化配置方法,上层模型对储能配置方案做出战略决策,下层模型基于场景分析法,对典型日场景进行运行模拟,使用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)量化灵活性不足风险成本,模型充分地考虑了电力供需平衡、新能源消纳以及网架结构的支撑作用,通过添加关联约束将双层模型转化为单层模型。最后通过MATLAB平台调用商用软件包GUROBI完成混合整数规划优化,求解得到最优配置方案。在某实际系统负荷高密度地区中验证了配置方法的有效性。展开更多
Regularly assembled structures of nanowires, such as aligned arrays, junctions and interconnected networks, have great potential for the applications in logical circuits, address decoders, photoelectronic devices and ...Regularly assembled structures of nanowires, such as aligned arrays, junctions and interconnected networks, have great potential for the applications in logical circuits, address decoders, photoelectronic devices and transparent electrodes. However, for now it is still lack of effective approaches for constructing nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks with ordered orientations and high quality. Herein, we report the controlled growth of Bi2S3 semiconductor nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks with well-aligned directions and high crystalline degree by utilizing the proportional lattice match between nanowires and substrates. Taking advantages of the “tip-to-stem splice” assembly of individual nanowires, the precise orientation alignments of Bi2S3 semiconductor nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks were successfully realized. The controlled growth mechanism and structural evolution process have been elucidated by detailed atomic structure characterizations and modeling. The highly crystal quality and direct energy bandgap of as-assembled photodetectors based on individual bismuth sulfide nanowires enabled high photoresponsivity and fast switch time under light illumination. The three-terminal devices based on nanowire bifurcated junctions present rapid carrier transport across the junction. The flexible photodetectors based on nanowire crosslinked networks show very minimal decay of photocurrent after long-term bending test. This work may provide new insights for the guided construction and regular assembly of low-dimensional ordered functional nanostructures towards advanced nanotechnologies.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2012CB619200the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61290304,11074265 and 11174307+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No 16ZR1441200the Frontier Science Research Project(Key Programs)of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No QYZDJ-SSW-SLH018
文摘Recently, great efforts have been made in the fabrication of arbitrary warped devices to satisfy the requirement of wearable and lightweight electronic products. Direct growth of high crystalline quality films on flexible substrates is the most desirable method to fabricate flexible devices owing to the advantage of simple and compatible preparation technology with current semiconductor devices, while it is a very challenging work, and usually amorphous, polycrystalline or discontinuous single crystalline films are achieved. Here we demonstrate the direct growth of high-quality Bi2 Te3 single crystalline films on flexible polyimide substrates by the modified hot wall epitaxy technique. Experimental results reveal that adjacent crystallites are coherently coalesced to form a continuous film, although amounts of disoriented crystallites are generated due to fast growth rate. By inserting a quartz filter into the growth tube, the number density of disoriented crystallites is effectively reduced owing to the improved spiral interaction. Furthermore, flexible Bi2 Te3 photoconductors are fabricated and exhibit strong near-infrared photoconductive response under different degrees of bending, which also confirms the obtained fexible films suitable for electronic applications.
文摘Along with the popularity of environmental protection concepts, the environmental treatment of water pollution attracts widespread attention, among which, the research on Bi-based semiconductor photocatalytic degradation technology has made great progress. However, the development of such bismuth-based composites still remains a challenging task due to difficult recovery and low catalytic efficiency. Herein, a novel CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composite was successfully synthesized through two-step hydrothermal method using activated flexible carbon cloth as a substrate. The results of the photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that the obtained CC/BiPO<sub>4</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> composites can degrade 92.1% RhB in 60 min under UV-visible light irradiation, which was much higher than that of unloaded BiPO4</sub> (24.4%) and BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> (52.9%), exhibiting a better adsorption-photocatalytic degradation performance than BiPO4</sub> and BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub>. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the improved photocatalytic activity was due to the more effective inhibition of photogenerated carrier complexation. Furthermore, the radical capture experiments confirmed that h<sup>+</sup>, ·OH and O<sub>2</sub>-</sup> were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation process of RhB by the CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composites. More importantly, the prepared CC/BiPO4</sub>/Bi2</sub>WO6</sub> composite had a simple separation process and good recycling stability, and its photocatalytic degradation efficiency can still reach 53.3% after six cycles of RhB degradation. .
文摘针对冬季多能源耦合下的热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)电功率调节能力受限于热功率输出,引起电-热联合系统灵活性不足的问题。该文提出了在网侧与负荷侧异质能流的惯性特征下计及用户温度动态响应以及动态反馈特性的联合优化运行方法。首先,从建立CHP可行域与运行点的分布特性出发,分析了可再生能源并网后CHP机组运行灵活性不足原因,并给出了不可运行点重新回归CHP运行域优化的措施。其次,构建了传输侧惯性、负荷侧惯性影响下用户温度动态响应的多时间耦合特征双层模型,上层目标为热电异构能源系统总成本最低,下层目标为用能总效用最低。最后,引入了机会约束规划来刻画可再生能源的不确定性,通过算例结果表明,该文所提出方法在保证大量CHP运行点重新收束情况下,实现了可再生能源消纳与用户用能体验的兼顾。
文摘随着分布式柔性制造系统的广泛普及,制造系统的调度决策从集中式的单一节点向分布式多中心的模式转变,分布式柔性作业车间调度问题成为近年来的研究热点。为求解分布式柔性作业车间的调度问题,构建了以最小化总成本和总拖期为优化目标的分布式柔性作业车间调度(DFJSP,Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem)模型,提出了一种结合分布估计和禁忌搜索的H-EDA-TS算法(Hybrid Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Tabu Search Algorithm)。根据DFJSP模型和H-EDA-TS算法设计了三维编码方案。H-EDA-TS算法主要包括EDA组件和TS组件,在EDA组件部分设计了三个概率模型用于抽样生成种群;在TS组件部分针对优化目标设计了五种邻域结构用于生成邻域解。此外,基于sigmoid函数设计了一种自适应机制,用于控制TS组件的启动。最后,在不同规模的实例上进行了对比实验,证明了所提算法对于求解DFJSP具有明显优势。
文摘负荷高密度地区现有的输电通道有限且系统内灵活性电源的占比较低,应对源端可再生能源及荷端负荷需求随机性波动的调节能力不足。储能系统(energy storage system,ESS)作为一种高效的灵活性资源,具有响应的快速性和功率双向转化的优点,可以为电力系统提供灵活性支撑,基于双层规划模型建立了提升负荷高密度地区整体和局部灵活性的储能优化配置方法,上层模型对储能配置方案做出战略决策,下层模型基于场景分析法,对典型日场景进行运行模拟,使用条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)量化灵活性不足风险成本,模型充分地考虑了电力供需平衡、新能源消纳以及网架结构的支撑作用,通过添加关联约束将双层模型转化为单层模型。最后通过MATLAB平台调用商用软件包GUROBI完成混合整数规划优化,求解得到最优配置方案。在某实际系统负荷高密度地区中验证了配置方法的有效性。
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program(Nos.2017YFA0208200 and 2016YFB0700600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.0205-14380219)+2 种基金the Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.21872069,51761135104,and 21573108)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180008)the High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jiangsu Province of China.
文摘Regularly assembled structures of nanowires, such as aligned arrays, junctions and interconnected networks, have great potential for the applications in logical circuits, address decoders, photoelectronic devices and transparent electrodes. However, for now it is still lack of effective approaches for constructing nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks with ordered orientations and high quality. Herein, we report the controlled growth of Bi2S3 semiconductor nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks with well-aligned directions and high crystalline degree by utilizing the proportional lattice match between nanowires and substrates. Taking advantages of the “tip-to-stem splice” assembly of individual nanowires, the precise orientation alignments of Bi2S3 semiconductor nanowire bifurcated junctions and crosslinked networks were successfully realized. The controlled growth mechanism and structural evolution process have been elucidated by detailed atomic structure characterizations and modeling. The highly crystal quality and direct energy bandgap of as-assembled photodetectors based on individual bismuth sulfide nanowires enabled high photoresponsivity and fast switch time under light illumination. The three-terminal devices based on nanowire bifurcated junctions present rapid carrier transport across the junction. The flexible photodetectors based on nanowire crosslinked networks show very minimal decay of photocurrent after long-term bending test. This work may provide new insights for the guided construction and regular assembly of low-dimensional ordered functional nanostructures towards advanced nanotechnologies.