Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Reduced Model Based Control of Two Link Flexible Space Robot

Model based control schemes use the inverse dynamics of the robot arm to produce the main torque component necessary for trajectory tracking. For model-based controller one is required to know the model parameters accurately. This is a very difficult task especially if the manipulator is flexible. So a reduced model based controller has been developed, which requires only the information of space robot base velocity and link parameters. The flexible link is modeled as Euler Bernoulli beam. To simplify the analysis we have considered Jacobian of rigid manipulator. Bond graph modeling is used to model the dynamics of the system and to devise the control strategy. The scheme has been verified using simulation for two links flexible space manipulator.

Anti-Dead-Zone Integral Sliding Control and Active Vibration Suppression of a Free-floating Space Robot with Elastic Base and Flexible Links

Under the conditions of joint torque output dead-zone and external disturbance,the trajectory tracking and vibration suppression for a free-floating space robot(FFSR)system with elastic base and flexible links were discussed.First,using the Lagrange equation of the second kind,the dynamic model of the system was derived.Second,utilizing singular perturbation theory,a slow subsystem describing the rigid motion and a fast subsystem corresponding to flexible vibration were obtained.For the slow subsystem,when the width of deadzone is uncertain,a dead-zone pre-compensator was designed to eliminate the impact of joint torque output dead-zone,and an integral sliding mode neural network control was proposed.The integral sliding mode term can reduce the steady state error.For the fast subsystem,an optimal linear quadratic regulator(LQR)controller was adopted to damp out the vibration of the flexible links and elastic base simultaneously.Finally,computer simulations show the effectiveness of the compound control method.

The Fuzzy Neural Network Control Scheme With H∞ Tracking Characteristic of Space Robot System With Dual-arm After Capturing a Spin Spacecraft

In this paper,the dynamic evolution for a dualarm space robot capturing a spacecraft is studied,the impact effect and the coordinated stabilization control problem for postimpact closed chain system are discussed.At first,the pre-impact dynamic equations of open chain dual-arm space robot are established by Lagrangian approach,and the dynamic equations of a spacecraft are obtained by Newton-Euler method.Based on the results,with the process of integral and simplify,the response of the dual-arm space robot impacted by the spacecraft is analyzed by momentum conservation law and force transfer law.The closed chain system is formed in the post-impact phase.Closed chain constraint equations are obtained by the constraints of closed-loop geometry and kinematics.With the closed chain constraint equations,the composite system dynamic equations are derived.Secondly,the recurrent fuzzy neural network control scheme is designed for calm motion of unstable closed chain system with uncertain system parameter.In order to overcome the effects of uncertain system inertial parameters,the recurrent fuzzy neural network is used to approximate the unknown part,the control method with H∞tracking characteristic.According to the Lyapunov theory,the global stability is demonstrated.Meanwhile,the weighted minimum-norm theory is introduced to distribute torques guarantee that cooperative operation between manipulators.At last,numerical examples simulate the response of the collision,and the efficiency of the control scheme is verified by the simulation results.

Adaptive neural network control for coordinated motion of a dual-arm space robot system with uncertain parameters

Control of coordinated motion between the base attitude and the arm joints of a free-floating dual-arm space robot with uncertain parameters is discussed. By combining the relation of system linear momentum conversation with the Lagrangian approach, the dynamic equation of a robot is established. Based on the above results, the free-floating dual-arm space robot system is modeled with RBF neural networks, the GL matrix and its product operator. With all uncertain inertial system parameters, an adaptive RBF neural network control scheme is developed for coordinated motion between the base attitude and the arm joints. The proposed scheme does not need linear parameterization of the dynamic equation of the system and any accurate prior-knowledge of the actual inertial parameters. Also it does not need to train the neural network offline so that it would present real-time and online applications. A planar free-floating dual-arm space robot is simulated to show feasibility of the proposed scheme.

基于SCARA的柔性葡萄采摘机械臂设计与试验

针对现今葡萄种植环境狭小且复杂、常见关节型机械臂空间运动灵活度较小和避障能力较弱等问题,为了适应葡萄植株下层枝叶较少、障碍物较少,上层枝叶较多、障碍物较多的特点,设计并开发一款基于SCARA的柔性葡萄采摘机械臂,其底部为SCARA机械臂,上部为柔性机械臂部分;同时,设计了SCARA与柔性机械臂的协调运动控制系统。通过分析机械臂的机械结构和工作原理确定机械臂的末端空间位置和机械臂的运动学关系,利用MatLab绘制其工作空间,并绘制柔性机械臂在随机两个空间点运动的轨迹、速度、加速度图,从而实现SCARA机械臂与柔性机械臂的运动控制。

基于低通滤波器的柔性关节空间机器人时延估计跟踪控制

为解决位姿不受控情况下柔性关节空间机器人系统预抓取阶段的关节跟踪控制和振动问题,采用拉格朗日方程并结合动量守恒原理进而建立漂浮基三杆柔性关节空间机器人系统动力学方程。为提高柔性关节的等效刚度,引入关节柔性补偿的方法;即根据奇异摄动理论,将柔性关节空间机器人系统分解为慢变系统和快变系统。在此基础上,针对慢变系统设计以时延估计为主框架的滑模控制方法,同时与低通滤波器相结合消除滑模控制带来的系统抖振问题;针对快变系统设计线性速度差值反馈控制系统,抑制柔性关节给系统带来的柔性振动问题。通过仿真验证空间机械臂能够在有限时间内快速、稳定地跟踪上期望轨迹,证实该控制方案具有较好的鲁棒性和可靠性。

基于柔性传感器的绳驱动连续体机器人反馈控制

鉴于绳驱动连续体机器人独特的柔顺性使得其骨架变形难以通过传统的刚性传感器测量,另一方面,基于分段常曲率假设建立的运动学模型开环控制存在位置精度低的问题。本文以模块化设计的绳驱动连续体机器人为研究对象,利用了一种弹性磁电应变传感器并建立了多元回归模型实现机器人形状感知。通过一种运动空间映射方法实现了机器人柔性臂在三维空间内的闭环反馈控制。最终搭建了机器人样机平台并进行实验验证。结果有力地证明了基于柔性传感器的反馈控制方法的可行性和准确性。

Contact detumbling toward a nutating target through deformable effectors and prescribed performance controller

Detumbling operation toward a rotating target with nutation is meaningful for debris removal but challenging. In this study, a deformable end-effector is first designed based on the requirements for contacting the nutating target. A dual-arm robotic system installed with the deformable end-effectors is modeled and the movement of the end-tips is analyzed. The complex operation of the contact toward a nutating target places strict requirements on control accuracy and controller robustness. Thus, an improvement of the tracking error transformation is proposed and an adaptive sliding mode controller with prescribed performance is designed to guarantee the fast and precise motion of the effector during the contact detumbling.Finally, by employing the proposed effector and the controller,numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the contact detumbling toward a nutating target.

超大型多模块结构组装过程动力学与姿态控制

机器人在轨自主组装是未来建造超大型航天结构最具潜力的方式.超大型结构通常包含多个模块,需要机器人在柔性结构上反复进行抓捕、安装和爬行等操作.此外,组装过程中结构还受到空间环境干扰力的影响,需要经历构型的增长和参数的变化,导致其动力学行为非常复杂.为了研究机器人空间组装超大型多模块结构的过程,提出了一套轨道-姿态-结构耦合动力学、规划与控制的仿真框架.首先,采用自然坐标法和绝对节点坐标法建立主结构、空间机器人和组装模块的轨道-姿态-结构耦合动力学模型,采用Kelvin-Voigt线性弹簧阻尼模型描述机器人末端夹持机构和模块对接机构的接触碰撞.然后,对机器人进行运动规划、轨迹规划和关节轨迹跟踪控制研究.最后,采用不同的组装姿态和不同的姿态控制方案对组装过程进行动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,由于质心位置的改变和组装模块的轨道差异,主结构在组装过程中可能会出现显著的轨道漂移(取决于组装姿态).如果模块沿轨道半径方向组装到主结构,将导致组装过程长半轴和离心率出现快速增长;反之,如果模块沿轨道切向组装,长半轴和离心率基本保持不变.此外,即使采用了万有引力梯度稳定的组装姿态,仍需进行姿态控制和结构振动控制,以减小结构振动幅值,降低机器人与结构的碰撞风险,提高组装精度和组装效率.

基于KUKA重载机器人的柔性搅拌摩擦焊接系统开发与试验研究

为实现铝合金复杂结构产品的高效率高质量搅拌摩擦焊接成形,开展了基于KUKA重载机器人与新型搅拌摩擦焊技术结合的柔性焊接系统研究,通过自主研制多功能搅拌摩擦焊主机单元和试验工装,开发机器人柔性焊接专用控制系统实现集成控制,以此为基础开展了平板焊接试验试片接头组织性能研究及空间曲线轨迹的搅拌摩擦焊试验验证。研究结果表明:该重载机器人搅拌摩擦焊接系统可稳定实现6 mm厚2219 C10S铝合金平板试片和3 mm厚S形空间曲线焊接试验件的焊接,当搅拌头为转速n=800 r/min,焊接速度υ=200 mm/min时,试片接头抗拉强度和延伸率等力学性能较好,对试样焊缝进行超声相控阵及X光检测,未发现焊缝内部存在孔洞、裂纹等超标缺陷,验证了机器人搅拌摩擦焊接系统和工艺方法的适用性。

输入受限的漂浮基多柔性空间机器人轨迹跟踪的混合控制及振动主动抑制

空间机器人在实际运作中往往会遇到控制系统输入受限的情况,这将严重影响系统的控制品质。考虑输入受限的情况,对漂浮基多柔性空间机器人系统进行研究。通过对系统进行运动学和动力学分析,构建系统的动力学方程。采用奇异摄动方法,将刚柔耦合系统分为慢变子系统和快变子系统,并为各个子系统设计控制方法。最终提出由改进的鲁棒滑模模糊控制方法、速度差值反馈控制法和线性二次最优控制方法组成的混合控制方法。该控制方法能够主动减小空间机器人完成期望运动所需的力矩,使系统适应输入受限的工作条件;同时能够补偿系统的不确定参数和外部干扰,最终实现系统运动的精确控制和振动的主动抑制。仿真对比实验证明了在输入受限的情况下,所提出的混合控制方法的有效性和强适应性。

柔性空间多末端机器人抓取振动线性控制仿真

由于柔性空间的多末端机器人具有多关节串联型机械结构的特点,导致刚性偏低,易出现末端谐振和抖动的问题,影响其抓取作业的完成效率。提出柔性空间多末端机器人抓取振动控制方法。构建柔性空间多末端机器人的抓取模型和动力学模型,基于此设计线性二次型调节器,将遗传算法应用到振动控制中,优化调节器中存在的关键参数。利用优化后的线性二次调节器,控制柔性空间多末端机器人执行抓取任务时的振动。仿真结果表明,采用研究方法检测到的振动信号与实际振动信号相符,研究方法下机器人末端轮廓获取误差小于5mm,说明研究方法的抓取末端振动控制效果更优。

模糊PI控制器与干扰观测器相结合的空间柔性机械臂的转动控制策略

为了减少外部干扰对空间柔性机械臂的系统误差,提高系统的控制精度,提出了一种模糊PI控制器与干扰观测器相结合的转动控制策略。首先,采用假设模态法和拉格朗日方法,建立了含有干扰力矩的空间柔性机械臂的初始动力学模型;其次,提出了分别忽略二维变形和忽略非线性项的2种简化动力学模型,并通过仿真分析对比2种简化模型的建模精度;第三,基于极点配置方法和模糊规则设计了模糊PI控制器,并基于系统的名义模型设计了干扰观测器;最后,通过仿真分析和地面物理样机实验验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:忽略非线性项的简化模型与初始模型具有相似的建模精度,极大地降低了计算难度,能够代替初始模型进行控制系统的设计;模糊PI控制器与干扰观测器相结合的转动控制策略能够实时调整控制器参数,观测并补偿干扰力矩引起的系统误差,有效提高系统的控制精度。

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture'(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture'concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators’ end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target.Therefore,it is necessary to reduce the target's rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot.In this paper,a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed.This strategy can reduce the target's rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller.The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely.The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control,which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily;(2)The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task;(3)The detumbling strategy of dualarm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization,realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms.The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF(degrees of freedom)arms.Simulation results show that,target with a rotation velocity of 20(°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s,and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15°without affecting the target capture task,verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy.Except to the tumbling target capture task,the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.

柔性空间机器人快速终端滑模容错抑振控制

针对基座与臂杆存在柔性且执行机构发生故障的自由漂浮空间机器人系统,设计了快速终端滑模容错抑振控制器。结合线性弹簧假设、欧拉-伯努利梁理论和假设模态法提取了系统的柔性特征,利用拉格朗日方程推导出柔性基、柔性臂空间机器人系统的动力学模型;基于双幂次非奇异快速终端滑模为系统设计了有限时间容错控制器,采用Lyapunov函数法证明了闭环系统的稳定性;在此基础上,引入混合轨迹对容错控制器进行修正,进而构造出基于虚拟控制力的有限时间容错抑振控制器,实现对空间机器人载体姿态与关节轨迹的快速跟踪控制及基座与臂杆柔性振动的有效抑制。仿真结果表明,相较于无容错机制的计算力矩抑振控制算法,所设计算法的轨迹跟踪误差收敛速度提升了68.75%,弹性基座的振幅减小了78%,限定在1.1×10^(-4)m之内。

基于关节空间模型的移动机器人柔顺跟随行人方法研究

为提升移动机器人柔顺跟随行人技术水平,提出一种基于关节空间模型的移动机器人柔顺跟随行人方法。建立全局环境模型,利用该模型输出行人坐标位置后,建立关节空间动力学模型;再基于关节空间动力学模型获取移动机器人关节矢量参数,将矢量参数引入改进弹簧模型中,利用改进弹簧模型输出移动机器人柔顺跟随行人的线加速度和角加速度,利用线加速度和角速度控制移动机器人跟随行人。实验结果表明:采用所提方法不仅能够精准计算行人位置坐标,而且可以有效地对行人进行柔顺跟随,受行人无序行走影响较小,具有良好的应用效果。

柔性空间机器人振动抑制轨迹规划算法

本文首次提出了一个描述柔性空间机器人振动的可直接计算的激振力指标 ,进而提出了柔性空间机器人抑振轨迹规划算法 .该算法采用均匀非周期四阶 B样条描述机器人的运动轨迹 ,B样条的控制点作为优化参数 ,使用改进的微粒群优化算法 ,以激振力为性能指标对轨迹进行优化求解 .该方法根据激振力指标而不是待定轨迹的控制结果来判定轨迹的抑振性能 ,极大地简化了规划过程 .对柔性双臂空间该机器人的抑振轨迹规划仿真 ,表明优化轨迹取得了良好的振动抑制效果 。

空间机器人柔性关节轨迹控制研究

针对由谐波减速器驱动的空间机器人柔性关节的精确轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种由自适应模糊系统和逐步逆向设计相结合的递阶控制方法,不仅有效地消除了模型不确定性的影响,而且避免了复杂的求导运算和角加速度可测的要求;推导了自适应模糊系统模糊规则参数调整的自适应律,证明了闭环系统的稳定性和跟踪误差的渐进收敛;在柔性关节测试平台上进行了轨迹跟踪实验,试验结果表明该方法具有较高的轨迹控制精度和鲁棒性。