Analysis of vibration and frequency transmission of high speed EMU with flexible model

When the operation speed of the high-speed train increases and the weight of the carbody becomes lighter,not only does the sensitivity of the wheel/rail contact get higher,but also the vibration frequency range of the vehicle system gets enlarged and more frequencies are transmitted from the wheelset to the carbody.It is important to investigate the vibration characteristics and the dynamic frequency transmission from the wheel/rail interface to the carbody of the high-speed electric multi-uint（EMU）.An elastic highspeed vehicle dynamics model is established in which the carbody,bogieframes,and wheelsets are all dealt with as flexible body.A rigid high-speed vehicle dynamics model is set up to compare with the simulation results of the elastic model.In the rigid vehicle model,the carbody,bogieframes and wheelsets are treated as rigid component while the suspension and structure parameters are the same as used in the elastic model.The dynamic characteristic of the elastic high speed vehicle is investigated in time and frequency domains and the di ff erence of the acceleration,frequency distribution and transmission of the two types of models are presented.The results show that the spectrum power density of the vehicle decreases from the wheelset to the carbody and the acceleration transmission ratio is approximately from 1%to 10%for each suspension system.The frequency of the wheelset rotation is evident in the vibration of the flexible model and is transmitted from the wheelset to the bogieframe and to thecarbody.The results of the flexible model are more reasonable than that of the rigid model.A field test data of the high speed train are presented to verify the simulation results.It shows that the simulation results are coincident with the field test data.

Optimization of maintenance strategy for high-speed railwaycatenary system based on multistate model

A multi-objective optimization model considering both reliability and maintenance cost is proposed to solve the contradiction between reliability and maintenance cost in high-speed railway catenary system maintenance activities.The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm 2(NSGA2)is applied to multi-objective optimization,and the optimization result is a set of Pareto solutions.Firstly,multistate failure mode analysis is conducted for the main devices leading to the failure of catenary,and then the reliability and failure mode of the whole catenary system is analyzed.The mathematical relationship between system reliability and maintenance cost is derived considering the existing catenary preventive maintenance mode to improve the reliability of the system.Secondly,an improved NSGA2(INSGA2)is proposed,which strengths population diversity by improving selection operator,and introduces local search strategy to ensure that population distribution is more uniform.The comparison results of the two algorithms before and after improvement on the zero-ductility transition(ZDT)series functions show that the population diversity is better and the solution is more uniform using INSGA2.Finally,the INSGA2 is applied to multi-objective optimization of system reliability and maintenance cost in different maintenance periods.The decision-makers can choose the reasonable solutions as the maintenance plans in the optimization results by weighing the relationship between the system reliability and the maintenance cost.The selected maintenance plans can ensure the lowest maintenance cost while the system reliability is as high as possible.

Effect of wheelset flexibility on wheel–rail contact behavior and a specific coupling of wheel–rail contact to flexible wheelset

The fexibility of a train＇s wheelset can have a large effect on vehicle–track dynamic responses in the medium to high frequency range.To investigate the effects of wheelset bending and axial deformation of the wheel web,a specifi coupling of wheel–rail contact with a fexible wheelset is presented and integrated into a conventional vehicle–track dynamic system model.Both conventional and the proposed dynamic system models are used to carry out numerical analyses on the effects of wheelset bending and axial deformation of the wheel web on wheel–rail rolling contact behaviors.Excitations with various irregularities and speeds were considered.The irregularities included measured track irregularity and harmonic irregularities with two different wavelengths.The speeds ranged from 200 to400km/h.The results show that the proposed model can characterize the effects of fexible wheelset deformation on the wheel–rail rolling contact behavior very well.

Parametric analysis of wheel wear in high-speed vehicles

In order to reduce the wheel profile wear of highspeed trains and extend the service life of wheels, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle was set up, in which the wheelset was regarded as flexible body, and the actual measured track irregularities and line conditions were considered. The wear depth of the wheel profile was calculated by the well-known Archard wear law. Through this model, the influence of the wheel profile, primary suspension stiffness, track gage, and rail cant on the wear of wheel profile were studied through multiple iterafive calculations. Numerical simulation results show that the type XP55 wheel profile has the smallest cumulative wear depth, and the type LM wheel profile has the largest wear depth. To reduce the wear of the wheel profile, the equivalent conicity of the wheel should not be too large or too small. On the other hand, a small primary vertical stiffness, a track gage around 1,435-1,438 mm, and a rail cant around 1：35-1：40 are beneficial for dynamic performance improvement and wheel wear alleviation.

Flexible Optimal Model and Algorithm for Track Utilization in High-speed Railway Stations

Track utilization is the most important technical operation in high-speed railway stations.It is an effective way to take flexible man-agement based on dispatchers’decision preferences into consideration for making track utilization plans to relieve the influence caused by unmeasurable unstructured factors.Thus,based on the flexible management concept and taking the flexible optimal for track utilization in high-speed railway stations as the object,time and space occupation safety trajectories of arrival routes,departure routes and tracks are all analysed.Then,taking the following constraints into consideration-minimum safety time intervals for var-ious routes and tracks occupation,space-time arc occupation and decision-makers’preferences-a flexible optimal model for track utilization in high-speed railway stations is established to maximize its balance and robustness and to minimize its volatility at the same time.Further,a flexible optimal solution based on a simulated annealing algorithm is designed to make a safety track utilization plan in high-speed railway stations integrating the dispatchers’decision preference.The results from the experiments show that the proposed methodology can effectively make satisfied safety track utilization plans based on decision-makers’preferences,which can improve its balance and robustness level significantly.Meanwhile,its volatility can be reduced as much as possible caused by flexible management based on artificial intervention to ensure the relative stability of the plan.

多连杆刚柔机械手设计与手指减振分析

针对陶瓷易碎零件分拣过程中难以稳定抓取的问题,设计了一种能够有效稳定抓取的新型多连杆刚柔机械手。首先,以机械传动为基础,将刚性关节与柔性材料相结合,设计机械手的传动方式与柔顺关节的最优结构,并在三维软件上构建刚柔机械手的整体结构;其次,通过对机械手手指结构进行简化,采用拉格朗日理论和有限元离散方法,构建出具有尖端质量的手指多连杆刚柔耦合动力学模型;最后,求解出机械手手指在运动过程中的动力学方程。在此基础上,通过设计减振方案,对机械手手指结构做出优化和改进。仿真实验结果表明:在外激力为2 N的条件下,改进结构后的刚柔机械手手指其振动的幅度降低8 mm,且恢复稳定的时间缩短了4 s以上,在一定程度上提高了分拣和抓取过程中的抗冲击力,保证了对陶瓷易碎零件抓取过程的稳定性。

含储热的热电联产机组经济性与灵活性多目标优化算法

随着可再生能源产能的不断增长,电力系统的灵活性已成为频繁高峰调控影响下必须考虑的一个指标。然而,灵活性与经济效益之间往往相互矛盾,多目标优化可作为协调矛盾的一种手段。因此,文中以带熔融盐储热的抽凝式热电联产机组为研究对象,以灵活性和经济性为优化目标建立日前调度的优化模型。考虑储热系统的爬坡能力、机组出力和热电耦合等约束条件,文中采用改进的二代非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)对熔融盐储热系统进行优化求解。文中分别以灵活性和经济性2种指标对求解获得的非支配解集合即帕累托(Pareto)前沿进行比较分析,同时对熔融盐储热系统的储、放热特性进行分析。分析结果表明,侧重灵活性时,熔融盐储热须维持较高的储热量,以应对低负荷阶段的供热不足;侧重经济性时,熔融盐储热调节较为频繁,使得机组在较高效率区间运行。

基于ABB机器人的柔性分拣系统设计

在瓶体人工分拣成本高、传统机械结构无法满足多瓶体柔性分拣的背景下,采用工业机器人替换传统机构,设计基于ABB机器人的柔性分拣系统,以实现圆柱瓶子表面检测工作站适用于多尺寸类型的柔性生产。通过分析圆柱瓶子尺寸变化与分拣作业位置的公式,以两台ABB工业机器人作为执行机构,采用平移功能实现上料、检测、分拣等动作的柔性调整。以伺服夹爪作为末端执行器实现对不同瓶口直径的夹取。以三菱PLC作为控制中心,触摸屏作为人机交互界面,通过流程设计与程序界面设计,实现系统中各设备的协同控制及各项功能的界面监控。调试结果表明:在基准瓶子示教的基础上,系统可实现适用范围内不同尺寸瓶子的自动分拣作业,且触屏操作便捷,满足柔性生产需求。

一种基于柔性机械手和视觉识别的水果分拣机设计

随着农业现代化的发展,水果分拣机对于促进农业装备智能化发展具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于柔性机械手和计算机视觉识别技术的水果分拣机设计方案。该方案设计了一种具有自适应性且对水果损伤小的柔性机械手,结合计算机视觉技术,可以高效准确地进行水果特征识别和分拣。本文介绍了分拣机的总体方案设计、各模块设计、视觉识别与处理流程,并通过实验验证了本方案的有效性。

卷烟物流中心分拣作业柔性调度策略研究与应用

随着人民生活水平的提高和对健康的追求日益强烈,消费者对卷烟中异型烟的需求也在快速上涨,使卷烟物流中心的卷烟分拣类型结构发生了巨大的变化,给卷烟分拣作业带来了巨大的挑战。研究以浙江某地市烟草公司为例,根据该市卷烟物流中心人员和设备的现状,运用数据模型计算出最优的生产模式和资源配置,以求提出卷烟物流分拣的柔性调度策略,提高分拣作业效率,探索烟草商业企业异型烟分拣产能不足问题的解决方案。

基于AGV的管道加热器柔性作业车间调度方法研究

针对基于AGV约束的管道加热器柔性作业车间调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间和最小化车间总负载为目标,提出改进麻雀搜索算法求解调度方案;建立合理的编解码方式表示调度方案;为解决多目标优化问题,引入Patero排序;考虑麻雀搜索算法求解离散优化问题时无效解较多、易陷入局部最优等缺陷,提出引入交叉变异算子、设置精英种群、设计自适应种群比例因子等改进措施;根据标准算例数据及实际车间生产数据对算法可行性进行验证,结果表明改进算法可有效求解合理的调度方案,相比于车间原生产方案,生产效率提高19.6%,且有效降低了车间总负载。

基于NSGA-Ⅱ的柔性作业车间调度优化研究

以H公司柔性作业车间为研究对象,结合调度数据对存在的柔性作业车间调度问题进行优化,构建多目标优化模型并应用非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmsⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ)求解。对比分析发现,多目标组合优化后的调度方案在指导生产调度上更具优势。

基于混合遗传蚁群算法的多目标FJSP问题研究

针对多目标柔性作业车间调度问题求解过程中未综合考虑解集多样性与求解效率的问题,提出了一种混合遗传蚁群算法来求解。首先,通过改进的NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ)获取问题的较优解,以此来确定蚁群算法的初始信息素分布;其次,根据提出的自适应伪随机比例规则和改进的信息素更新规则来优化蚂蚁的遍历过程;最后,通过邻域搜索,扩大蚂蚁的搜索空间,从而提高解集的多样性。通过Kacem和BRdata算例进行实验验证,证明混合遗传蚁群算法具有更高的求解效率和更好解集多样性。

考虑交货期的双资源柔性作业车间节能调度

为解决含有机器和工人双资源约束的柔性作业车间节能调度问题,在考虑交货期的基础上,建立了以总提前和拖期惩罚值及总能耗最小为目标的双资源柔性作业车间节能调度模型。提出了一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法(improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,INSGA-Ⅱ)进行求解。针对所优化的目标,设计了一种三阶段解码方法以获得高质量的可行解;利用动态自适应交叉和变异算子以获得更多优良个体;改进拥挤距离以获得收敛性和分布性更优的种群。将INSGA-Ⅱ与多种多目标优化算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明所提算法可行且有效。

青年女性进食障碍患者的认知灵活性

目的:探索青年女性进食障碍(ED)患者的认知灵活性特征,及其与ED临床特征的关系。方法:纳入92例青年女性ED患者包括28例神经性厌食(AN)、64例神经性贪食(BN)和38例健康对照(HC)。使用威斯康星卡片分类测试(WCST)中的持续性错误率(PPE)和持续性应答率(PPR)评估认知灵活性,进食障碍调查量表-1(EDI-1)及进食障碍问卷(EDQ)评估ED临床特征。结果:ED组的PPE[(5.0±4.7)%vs.(2.8±2.8)%;P<0.01]及PPR[(11.7±7.8)%vs.(6.4±5.9)%;P<0.001]均高于HC组,但AN与BN两组间PPE[(5.5±5.4)%vs.5.0±4.5)%,P>0.05]和PPR[(11.2±7.8)%vs.(11.1±7.3)%,P>0.05]差异无统计学意义。PPE(r=0.21,P<0.05)、PPR(r=0.27,P<0.01)均与EDI-1总分呈正相关;PPR与ED组使用食欲抑制剂(r=0.28,P=0.010)及跳过几餐(r=0.30,P=0.004)的频率呈正相关。结论:青年女性ED患者存在认知灵活性缺陷,与ED临床特征相关,提示有作为疾病内表型的可能。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅲ算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度

针对多目标柔性作业车间调度问题求解效率低的难题,提出了一种改进NSGA-Ⅲ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅲ)调度优化算法。首先,建立了考虑直接能耗和间接能耗的多目标柔性作业车间调度模型;然后,结合两段式编码设计了一种混合分配策略,应用于种群的初始化,并通过进化算子确定子代种群的生成;最后,基于参考点的小生境选择策略,利用双层正交边界交叉方法生成一组预定的参考点,并根据种群熵值变化率设计自适应淘汰策略用于非支配精英存储策略。通过对11个作业车间调度问题算例进行改造,验证了改进算法求解多目标柔性作业车间调度问题具有较高的求解质量和求解效率。

一种基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标绿色柔性作业车间调度方法

针对多目标绿色柔性作业车间调度问题,建立了以最小化最大完工时间、总负荷和总能耗为优化目标的多目标优化模型,提出了一种带有自适应交叉变异算子和学习机制的改进NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法。该算法通过机器和工序的两级编码机制,使用基于全局、局部和随机选择的非支配排序选择策略得到初始种群;采用具有自适应算子的混合交叉变异策略进行迭代,提高算法的全局搜索能力;引入分布函数来改进精英保留策略提高种群的多样性;通过学习机制进行邻域搜索提高算法的局部搜索能力。最后,采用基准测试算例Brandimarte以及Kacem数据集对算法进行测试,结果表明采用改进的NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解多目标绿色柔性作业车间调度问题具有求解精度高、收敛速度快以及解集多样性好的优点。

基于改进离散蜉蝣算法的双资源柔性车间可持续调度方法

在目前对柔性车间调度问题所进行的研究中,大多忽略了工件运输时间这一因素,并且也很少对可持续发展的经济、环境和社会3个要素进行综合优化。针对这些问题,提出了一种考虑运输时间的双资源柔性车间调度问题(DRCFJSPT)模型。首先,以完工时间、生产成本、能耗和人体工程学风险为优化目标,构建了柔性车间调度数学模型,并结合多目标模型的特点,设计了一种改进离散蜉蝣算法(IDMA),并对模型进行了求解;然后,采用熵值法评价了帕累托解集,基于三层编码并考虑了运输时间的插入式解码方式,设计了混合初始化方法,离散改进了蜉蝣更新方式;最后,为了验证IDMA求解DRCFJSPT的性能,采用MATLAB,对某机床零件加工企业生产数据进行了实验,并将其结果与采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA)-Ⅱ得到的结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:改进算法的解集质量和收敛性能均显著优于参考算法,通过改进算法求得最优解的最大完工时间为35.94 h,加工成本为6 003.95元,能耗为2 054.54 kW·h,人体工程学风险值为138.16;该结果可为实际复杂的柔性车间调度环境提供清晰准确的调度方案。

复杂制造环境下的改进非支配排序遗传算法

针对柔性作业车间多目标调度问题,在考虑机器、操作人员等资源约束和交货日期不确定性的基础上,构建了以加工成本、客户满意度及生产总流程时间为目标函数的模糊调度数学模型。针对传统的加权系数方法不能很好地解决柔性作业车间调度多目标优化问题的缺点,提出改进的非支配排序遗传算法,采用改进的拥挤密度排序法改善同一非劣等级内个体的排序;提出自适应交叉和变异策略,克服了种群早熟化,改善了算法的收敛速度;采用改进精英策略保持种群多样性,改善了算法的搜索性能。将该算法应用于某机械公司的人机双资源多目标柔性车间模糊调度,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于改进非支配排序遗传算法的多目标柔性作业车间调度

采用多目标进化算法解决具有工件释放时间、工件目标差异的柔性作业车间调度问题。依据实际制造系统中存在较多的最大完工时间、平均流经时间、总拖期时间、机器总负荷、瓶颈机器负荷和生产成本性能指标,建立多目标柔性作业车间调度模型。针对柔性作业车间调度问题的特点,设计一种扩展的基于工序的编码及其主动调度的解码机制,以及初始解产生机制和有效的交叉、变异操作;针对非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II,NSGA-II)在非支配解排序和精英选择策略方面的不足,设计一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法,应用改进的算法求解柔性作业车间调度问题得到一组Pareto解集,并运用层次分析法选出最优妥协解。通过测试基准和模拟实际生产的实例,验证提出算法的可行性和有效性。