Rotation Angle Control Strategy for Telescopic Flexible Manipulator Based on a Combination of Fuzzy Adjustment and RBF Neural Network

The length of fexible manipulators with a telescopic arm alters during movement.The dynamic parameters of telescopic fexible manipulators exhibit signifcant time-varying characteristics owing to variations in length.With an increase in the manipulators’length,the nonlinear terms caused by fexibility in the manipulators’dynamic equations cannot be ignored.The time-varying characteristics and nonlinear terms of telescopic fexible manipulators cause fuctuations in rotation angles,which afect the operation accuracy of end-efectors.In this study,a control strategy based on a combination of fuzzy adjustment and an RBF neural network is utilized to improve the control accuracy of fexible telescopic manipulators.First,the dynamic equation of the manipulators is established using the assumed mode method and Lagrange’s principle,and the infuence of nonlinear terms is analyzed.Subsequently,a combined control strategy is proposed to suppress the fuctuation of the rotation angle in telescopic fexible manipulators.The variation ranges of the feedforward PD controller parameters are determined by the pole placement strategy and length of the manipulators.Fuzzy rules are utilized to adjust the controller parameters in real-time.The RBF neural network is utilized to identify and compensate the uncertain part of the dynamic model of the fexible manipulators.The uncertain part comprises time-varying parameters and nonlinear terms.Finally,numerical simulations and prototype experiments prove the efectiveness of the combined control strategy.The results prove that the proposed control strategy has a smaller standard deviation of errors.Therefore,the combined control strategy is more suitable for telescopic fexible manipulators,which can efectively improve the control accuracy of rotation angles.

Novel approach for active vibration control of a flexible missile

This paper investigates the feasibility of using an active dynamic vibration absorber(ADVA) for active vibration control of a flexible missile system through simulation.Based on the principles of a dynamic vibration absorber(DVA),a ring-type ADVA is first designed to attenuate the elastic vibration of the flexible missile,and the design of the active controller adopts the proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control algorithm.The motion equations of a flexible missile with an ADVA,which is subjected to follower thrust at its aft end,are derived using the Lagrangian approach.Taking the minimum of the root mean square(RMS) of the lateral displacement response of the center of mass as the objective function,a genetic algorithm(GA) is used to optimize the parameter of the DVA and PID controller.The numerical calculations show that the ADVA and DVA are effective in suppressing the vibration and provide approximately 41.2% and 17.6% improvement,respectively,compa red with the case of no DVA,The ADVA has better performance than the DVA,When the missile is subjected to follower thrust,the effect of vibration reduction is more effective than the case without follower thrust.It is feasible to reduce vibration and improve the stability of flexible missiles by means of the ADVA.

Impact vibration reduction for flexible manipulators via controllable local degrees of freedom

When performing operation tasks, the interaction between a flexible manipulator and a grasped object usually results in an impact. In this paper, a new way is suggested to alleviate impact vibration of a flexible manipulator via its structural characteristic when capturing a moving object. Controllable local degrees of freedom are introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective tool to combat impact vibration through dynamic coupling. A corresponding method is put forward to reduce impact vibration responses of the flexible manip- ulator via the controllable local degrees of freedom. By planning motion of the controllable local degrees of freedom, appropriate control force can be constructed to increase the modal damping and stiffness and eliminate the exciting force simultaneously, thereby reducing impact vibration responses of the flexible manipulator. Simulations are conducted and results are shown to prove the presented method.

Parameter optimization of controllable local degree of freedom for reducing vibration of flexible manipulator

Parameter optimization of the controllable local degree of freedom is studied for reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost. The controllable local degrees of freedom are suggested and introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective way to alleviate vibration through dynamic coupling. Parameters introduced by the controllable local degrees of freedom are analyzed and their influences on vibration reduction are investigated. A strategy to optimize these parameters is put forward and the corresponding optimization method is suggested based on Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO）. Simulations are conducted and results of case studies confirm that the proposed optimization method is effective in reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost.

Adaptive Control of Flexible Redundant Manipulators Using Neural Networks

An investigation on the neural networks based active vibration control of flexible redundant manipulators was conducted. The smart links of the manipulator were synthesized with the flexible links to which were attached piezoceramic actuators and strain gauge sensors. A nonlinear adaptive control strategy named neural networks based indirect adaptive control (NNIAC) was employed to improve the dynamic performance of the manipulator. The mathematical model of the 4-layered dynamic recurrent neural networks (DRNN) was introduced. The neuro-identifier and the neuro-controller featuring the DRNN topology were designed off line so as to enhance the initial robustness of the NNIAC. By adjusting the neuro-identifier and the neuro-controller alternatively, the manipulator was controlled on line for achieving the desired dynamic performance. Finally, a planar 3R redundant manipulator with one smart link was utilized as an illustrative example. The simulation results proved the validity of the control strategy.

Modeling and controlling of a flexible hydraulic manipulator

A mathematical model was developed combining the dynamics of an Euler-Bernoulli beam, described by the assumed-mode method and hydraulic circuit dynamics. Only one matrix, termed drive Jacobian, was needed in the modeling of interaction between hydraulic circuit and flexible manipulator mechanism. Furthermore, a new robust controller based on mentioned above dynamic model was also considered to regulate both flexural vibrations and rigid body motion. The proposed controller combined sliding mode and backstepping techniques to deal with the nonlinear system with uncertainties. The sliding mode control was used to achieve an asymptotic joint angle and vibration regulation by providing a virtual force while the backstepping technique was used to regulate the spool position of a hydraulic valve to provide the required control force. Simulation results are presented to show the stabilizing effect and robustness of this control strategy.

Distributed disturbance-observer-based vibration control for a flexible-link manipulator with output constraints

The issue of output constraints is studied for a flexible-link manipulator in the presence of unknown spatially distributed disturbances. The manipulator can be taken as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and its dynamic is expressed by partial differential equations. On account of the uncertainty of disturbances, we present a disturbance observer to estimate infinite dimensional disturbances on the beam. The observer is proven exponentially stable. Considering the problem of output constraints in the practical engineering, we propose a novel distributed vibration controller based on the disturbance observer to fulfill the position regulation of the joint angle and suppress elastic deflections on the flexible link, while confining the regulating errors of output in a suitable scope that we can assign. The closed-loop system is demonstrated exponentially stable based on an integral-barrier Lyapunov function. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the design scheme.

Active Control of Elastodynamic Response of Flexible Redundant Robot Manipulators

This paper presents an analytical investigation into activevibration control of flexible redundant robot manipulators featuringpiezoelectric actuators and strain gage sensors. The state-sp- aceexpression of the discrete time-varying dynamic system is developedfirstly. The LQR optimal control law is presented based upon thediscrete Minimum Principle. Moreover, an approximate method isproposed for estimating the state information of the system. Finally,a planar 3R flexible redundant manipulator is utilized as anillustration example. The simulation results show that the dy- namicperformance of the manipulator has been improved significantly.

Fuzzy Supervisory Control and GPC Applied to a Flexible Single-Link Manipulator

This paper presents the development of a classical and intelligent control approaches applied to a flexible single-link manipulator robot and compared in terms of input tracking and vibration suppression. Lagrange＇s equations and finite elements method are combined to compute dynamic model of a flexible link manipulator with one rigid joint. Next, dynamics are itemized to explain flexible link behavior. Then a fuzzy supervisory controller is developed and introduced in the high level of the closed-loop of the flexible manipulator. A generalized predictive controller is then developed and introduced in the flexible system closed-loop to minimize end-point residual vibrations. Simulation results obtained are compared to a GPC （generalized predictive controller） in terms of end-point vibration suppression, input tracking and disturbance rejection. A conclusion encloses the paper.

Rigid-flexible coupling dynamic modeling and vibration control for flexible spacecraft based on its global analytical modes

In this study, we used global analytical modeswfny(GAMs) to develop a rigid-flexible dynamic modeling approach for spacecraft with large flexible appendages(SwLFA). This approach enables the convenient and precise calculation of the natural characteristics for designing an attitude control law for the spacecraft while simultaneously suppressing the active vibration of its flexible appendages. We simplify the flexible spacecraft as a rigid-flexible coupling hub-beam system with tip mass and derive the system's governing equations of motion based on Hamilton's principle. By solving the linearized form of those equations with their associated boundary conditions, we obtain the frequencies as well as the corresponding GAMs of flexible spacecraft,which we use to discretize the equations of motion. Using this approach, we performed numerical simulations to investigate the system's global modes and assess the performance of the controller based on the GAM model. The results reveal that the GAM model can be used to directly calculate the exact global modes of SwLFAs and that the controller based on the discrete GAM model can achieve a control-index for a SwLFA in a shorter time with less input energy than other methods.

On Frequency Sensitivity and Mode Orthogonality of Flexible Robotic Manipulators

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of vibration frequencies of flexible manipulators with respect to variations of systems parameters such as rotational inertia of hub, and mass, moment, and side of tip load. Both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko dynamical models of flexible manipulators are discussed. By using variational method, sensitivity indices are obtained with explicit expressions for measuring the sensitivity of frequencies. Based on variational formulations, a novel method for deriving the orthogonal relations among vibration modal shape functions of flexible manipulators is introduced. With this method, the orthogonal relations can be derived easily without invoking the tedious process of differentiation and integration by part, as commonly used in their derivation. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

柔性机械臂干扰力观测与无模型振动控制

为了抑制柔性机械臂运动过程中的非线性振动,提出一种基于干扰力在线观测的无模型轨迹跟踪和振动抑制混合控制策略。采用拉格朗日方程和奇异摄动法对存在未知干扰的柔性机械臂进行动力学建模和解耦,将其分解为表征刚性运动的慢变子系统和表征柔性振动的快变子系统;考虑到建模的复杂性和模型参数的不确定性,采用PD控制方法实现轨迹跟踪,并提出无模型自适应控制算法以实现柔性臂杆的非线性振动控制。针对未知外界干扰可能引起的控制发散问题,提出了改进的干扰力状态观测器,用于干扰力矩的在线估计和实时补偿,有效提高无模型振动控制算法的收敛性能。仿真试验结果表明,所提算法在存在干扰力的情况下对柔性机械臂的振动抑制效果显著,且具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性。

柔性空间机械臂RBF神经网络补偿滑模控制策略

柔性结构导致柔性空间机械臂的动态参数随着时间产生变化,从而降低了跟踪控制的准确性.质量轻和长径比大导致柔性空间机械臂在运动过程中出现振动现象.为了解决上述问题,本文建立了考虑二维变形和扰动转矩的柔性空间机械臂的动力学模型,推导出简化的非线性动力学方程.在此基础上,设计了控制律,利用RBF(radial basis function)神经网络对柔性空间机械臂中的时变项和扰动转矩进行识别和补偿.然后以双曲正切函数作为逼近率,提出了滑模控制策略.最后,通过仿真和地面物理样机控制实验可以得到,在柔性空间机械臂控制律的设计中,神经网络补偿的控制策略有效地减少了扰动转矩对柔性空间机械臂的影响.并且通过使用tanh函数来代替sgn函数,能够减少输入转矩的波动,更加验证了RBF神经网络补偿滑模控制策略的有效性.

采用干扰补偿模糊整定的双柔性机械臂抑振策略

双柔性机械臂由柔性关节和变长度的柔性负载组成,会同时受到柔性、摩擦和参数时变的影响,在运动过程中,它会出现振动的现象,导致末端执行器的跟踪精度降低。本文采用基于干扰观测器的模糊整定PI策略控制双柔性机械臂伺服系统的输出转速,通过控制柔性负载的转速波动间接抑制机械臂的振动。根据假设模态法和拉格朗日原理建立了考虑变形的双柔性机械臂伺服系统的动力学方程。根据鲁棒稳定性理论设计干扰观测器中的低通滤波器,使干扰观测器同时满足控制器参数时变和受控对象参数摄动的稳定性。通过数值仿真分析和双柔性机械臂伺服系统控制实验,验证了所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,本文提出的控制策略可以更好地消除参数时变和柔性对于输出转速的影响,提高末端执行器的控制精度。

基于扰动观测器的柔性机械臂鲁棒边界控制

本文研究了具有未知边界扰动和分布扰动的柔性机械臂系统的边界控制.为了补偿扰动和抑制柔性臂的振动,针对利用Hamilton原理建立的无穷维偏微分方程模型,设计了带有扰动观测器的鲁棒边界控制器对柔性臂进行控制.利用Lyapunov方法对柔性臂系统的稳定性和一致有界性进行了证明.所提出的控制方法所需测量信息较少,对未知扰动具有鲁棒性,并且所提出的边界控制策略能保证对柔性臂的振动抑制,系统状态最终是外界扰动下指数稳定的.最后,通过数值仿真验证了所提出控制器对柔性臂振动抑制的有效性.

柔顺宏微操作系统动力学建模及振动抑制研究

针对高速大范围宏运动时柔顺微操作器的微纳振动问题,建立系统动力学模型并设计改进离散滑模控制策略对微观弹性振动进行抑制。首先以气浮宏动平台和压电纤维微操作器构成的宏微操作系统为对象,结合假设模态法、拉格朗日方程和非对称迟滞模型,建立系统综合机电动力学模型。然后,在所建模型基础上设计变速趋近律调节切换增益,从而实现非线性离散滑模控制。最终搭建宏微操作系统测控平台,并进行轨迹跟踪和振动抑制试验。在轨迹跟踪时,对于不同频率的正弦参考轨迹,所设计的控制策略均能精确跟踪给定信号且误差较小;在振动抑制时,当宏动平台沿梯形与S轨迹运动时,微操作器残余振动稳定时间比改进前分别减少26.1%和50.0%,比无控制时分别缩短53.6%和53.3%。验证了动力学模型与离散滑模控制的有效性,提高了系统控制精度与效率。

采用模糊补偿滑模控制器的空间柔性机械臂振动抑制方法

空间柔性机械臂可以安装于空间站协助宇航员开展在轨维修、航天器交会对接和太空垃圾捕获等任务。空间柔性机械臂因其细长的结构在运动过程中会出现振动现象,进而影响操作精度和飞行安全。为了减弱空间柔性机械臂的振动,采用模糊补偿滑模控制策略对空间柔性机械臂的旋转运动进行控制。通过提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度间接地减弱振动。首先根据假设模态法描述空间柔性机械臂的变形,使用拉格朗日原理建立了考虑了二维变形的模态和转角耦合的动力学方程。然后,利用模糊规则的万能逼近特性辨识、补偿包括柔性非线性项和外界干扰的动力学模型的不确定成分。接下来,根据李雅普诺夫函数设计模糊补偿滑模控制策略的控制律和自适应律以保证空间柔性机械臂的闭环稳定性。最后,开展了空间柔性机械臂的仿真和物理样机控制试验。试验结果表明,模糊补偿滑模控制策略可以有效地提高空间柔性机械臂的转动控制精度,间接地减弱振动幅值。与传统的滑模控制策略相比,提出的控制策略可以使转角跟踪误差绝对值的平均值下降17.86%,使横向加速度的标准差下降31.91%。

考虑基座振动抑制的双空间机械臂协同阻抗控制

针对柔性基座双空间机械臂紧耦合协同过程中面临的对物体内/外力的柔顺响应、基座的振动抑制以及双臂避碰等问题,提出了一种反作用最优协同阻抗控制方法。首先建立了柔性基座双空间机械臂的紧耦合系统模型。然后,利用物体级阻抗控制器和末端执行器级阻抗控制器分别实现了双空间机械臂对物体所受外力和内力的柔顺响应。然后,利用基座能量衰减最优控制和人工势场法得到了双空间机械臂的最优零空间自运动向量,通过双冗余空间机械臂的零空间自运动同时实现了基座振动抑制和双臂间的避碰。最后,在动力学仿真软件中验证了协同阻抗控制方法在解决物体内/外力柔顺响应、基座振动抑制、双臂避碰问题上的有效性。

缆索加劲的柔性机械臂振动特性及其边界控制

针对柔性机械臂末端振动问题提出一种新型双边缆索加劲被动控制方式,建立双边缆索加劲柔性机械臂的动力学模型,并分析柔性机械臂末端振动固有频率以及振动幅度等振动特性。此外,为了控制柔性机械臂的关节定位精度以及提高其末端残余振动的抑制效果,基于双边缆索加劲柔性机械臂模型提出一种考虑缆索参数的边界控制策略,并通过Lyapunov方法证明该边界控制下柔性机械臂系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明:考虑新型缆索加劲的被动控制方式能够有效提高柔性机械臂系统刚度,并降低柔性机械臂末端振动幅值,改善柔性机械臂末端振动情况;提出的边界控制策略能够大幅度提高柔性机械臂关节的定位精度,并减少柔性机械臂达到稳态的时间,提高柔性机械臂运行效率。

考虑偏差的刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手加载状态主动控制技术

当前刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手在夹取重量较大或形状复杂的工件时,加载状态会出现非线性震荡,造成控制偏差,降低控制平稳度。为了提升刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手加载状态主动控制效果,设计一种考虑偏差的刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手加载状态主动控制方法。考虑四种动界限情况计算刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手加载振荡;加载振荡下将偏差分为刚度偏差和柔度偏差,通过奇异函数和拉普拉斯变换计算等级刚度、挠度以及转角,获得气动机械手加载状态受力偏差;构建气动机械手和接杆的坐标系和运动坐标系,分析气动机械手终端位置矢量和驱动力矩的映射关联;通过PD反馈进行刚度偏差和柔度偏差补偿,完成加载状态主动控制。实验结果表明:该方法偏差补偿后,输出力矩更接近理想值,可准确计算刚柔耦合夹具气动机械手在加载状态中的挠度、回旋角度以及动态角度,使气动机械手加载状态主动控制更加平稳。