Energy-Saving Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Optimization with Dual Resource Constraints Based on Integrated Q-Learning Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer

The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.

Partition method for impact dynamics of flexible multibody systems based on contact constraint

The impact dynamics of a flexible multibody system is investigated. By using a partition method, the system is divided into two parts, the local impact region and the region away from the impact. The two parts are connected by specific boundary conditions, and the system after partition is equivalent to the original system. According to the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic theory of multibody system, system＇s rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations without impact are derived. A local impulse method for establishing the initial impact conditions is proposed. It satisfies the compatibility con- ditions for contact constraints and the actual physical situation of the impact process of flexible bodies. Based on the contact constraint method, system＇s impact dynamic equa- tions are derived in a differential-algebraic form. The contact/separation criterion and the algorithm are given. An impact dynamic simulation is given. The results show that system＇s dynamic behaviors including the energy, the deformations, the displacements, and the impact force during the impact process change dramatically. The impact makes great effects on the global dynamics of the system during and after impact.

Judgement of Design Scheme Based on Flexible Constraint in ICAD

The conception of flexible constraint is proposed in the paper. The solution of flexible constraint is in special range, and maybe different in different instances of same design scheme. The paper emphasis on how to evaluate and optimize a design scheme with flexible constraints based on the satisfaction degree function defined on flexible constraints. The conception of flexible constraint is used to solve constraint conflict and design optimization in complicated constraint based assembly design by the PFM parametrization assembly design system. An instance of gear box design is used for verifying optimization method.

Effects of Joint Controller on Analytical Modal Analysis of Rotational Flexible Manipulator

Modal analysis is a fundamental and important task for modeling and control of the flexible manipulator. However, almost all of the traditional modal analysis methods view the flexible manipulator as a pure mechanical structure and neglect feedback action of joint controller. In order to study the effects of joint controller on the modal analysis of rotational flexible manipulator, a closed-loop analytical modal analysis method is proposed. Firstly, two exact boundary constraints, namely servo feedback constraint and bending moment constraint, are derived to solve the vibration partial differential equation. It is found that the stiffness and damping gains of joint controller are both included in the boundary conditions, which lead to an unconventional secular term. Secondly, analytical algorithm based on Ritz approach is developed by using Laplace transform and complex modal approach to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. And then, the numerical simulations are performed and the computational results show that joint controller has pronounced influence on the modal parameters： joint controller stiffness reduces the natural frequency, while joint controller damping makes the shape phase non-zero. Furthermore, the validity of the presented conclusion is confirmed through experimental studies. These findings are expected to improve the performance of dynamics simulation systems and model-based controllers.

Numerical and experimental studies on impact dynamics of a planar flexible multibody system

In this paper a computational methodology on impact dynamics of the flexible multibody system is presented. First, the floating frame of reference approach and nodal coordinates on the basis of finite element formulation are used to describe the kinematics of planar deformable bodies. According to the kinematic description of contact conditions, the contact constraint equations of planar flexible bodies are derived. Based on the varying topology technique the impact dynamic equations for a planar multibody system are established. Then the initial conditions of the equations in each contact stage are determined according to the discontinuity theory in continuum mechanics. The experiments between the aluminum rods are performed to check the correctness of the proposed method. Through the comparison between the numerical and experimental results the proposed method is validated. Experimental results also show that the impulse momentum method cannot accurately predict the complex impact dynamic phenomena and the continuous model may lead to a serious error when used to simulate the impact problems with significant wave propagation effects.

Robust Adaptive Attitude Maneuvering and Vibration Reducing Control of Flexible Spacecraft Under Input Saturation

A robust adaptive control scheme is proposed for attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft in situations where parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,unmeasured elastic vibration and input saturation constraints exist. The controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables but the estimates of modal variables provided by appropriate dynamics of the controller. The requirements to know the system parameters and the bound of the external disturbance in advance are also eliminated by adaptive updating technique. Moreover,an auxiliary design system is constructed to analyze and compensate the effect of input saturation,and the state of the auxiliary design system is applied to the procedure of control design and stability analysis. Within the framework of the Lyapunov theory,stabilization and disturbance rejection of the overall system are ensured. Finally,simulations are conducted to study the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme,and simulation results demonstrate that the precise attitude control and vibration suppression are successfully achieved.

Optimization of Line Configuration and Balancing for Flexible Machining Lines

Line configuration and balancing is to select the type of line and allot a given set of operations as well as machines to a sequence of workstations to realize high-efficiency production. Most of the current researches for machining line configuration and balancing problems are related to dedicated transfer lines with dedicated machine workstations. With growing trends towards great product variety and fluctuations in market demand, dedicated transfer lines are being replaced with flexible machining line composed of identical CNC machines. This paper deals with the line configuration and balancing problem for flexible machining lines. The objective is to assign operations to workstations and find the sequence of execution, specify the number of machines in each workstation while minimizing the line cycle time and total number of machines. This problem is subject to precedence, clustering, accessibility and capacity constraints among the features, operations, setups and workstations. The mathematical model and heuristic algorithm based on feature group strategy and polychromatic sets theory are presented to find an optimal solution. The feature group strategy and polychromatic sets theory are used to establish constraint model. A heuristic operations sequencing and assignment algorithm is given. An industrial case study is carried out, and multiple optimal solutions in different line configurations are obtained. The case studying results show that the solutions with shorter cycle time and higher line balancing rate demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. This research proposes a heuristic line configuration and balancing algorithm based on feature group strategy and polychromatic sets theory which is able to provide better solutions while achieving an improvement in computing time.

Design and Structural Analysis of Flexible Wearable Chair Using Finite Element Method

The flexible wearable chair is like a light weight mobile exoskeleton that allows people to sit any-where in any working position. The traditional chair is difficult to move to different working locations due to its large size, heavy weight (~5 - 7 kg) and rigid structure and thus, they are inappropriate for workplaces where enough space is not available. Flexible wearable chair has a gross weight of 3 kg as it utilizes light-weight aluminium alloy members. Unlike the traditional chair, it consists of kinematic pairs which enable taking halts between continuous movements at any working position and thus, it is capable of reducing the risk of the physical musculoskeletal disorder substantially among workers. The objective of this paper is to focus on the mechanical design and finite element analysis (FEA) of the mechanism using ANSYS® software. In the present work, all the parts of the mechanism are designed under static load condition. The results of the analysis indicate that flexible wearable chair satisfies equilibrium and stability criterion and is capable of reducing fatigue during working in an assembly line/factory.

瑞利波作用下考虑竖向荷载影响的单桩在饱和软土中的水平动力分析

桩在竖向荷载和瑞利波共同作用下产生水平振动,竖向荷载会因二阶效应导致水平位移增大。为研究桩在饱和软土地基中的水平动力响应,建立瑞利波作用下单桩动力响应的计算模型。基于Biot理论计算均匀自由场中饱和软土地基的水平动力响应。利用边界条件求得土体阻力封闭解。基于Timoshenko梁理论建立桩基动力微分方程,得到桩的水平位移、弯矩和转角的解析解。通过数值算例验证模型正确性,分析竖向荷载、无量纲频率对桩水平振动的影响。研究发现竖向荷载和桩长对水平振动影响较大。

基于改进生物迁徙算法的双资源柔性作业车间节能调度问题

节能调度是面向绿色制造的车间调度问题,已成为制造领域的研究热点。针对具有机器和工人双资源约束的柔性作业车间,综合考虑工人学习效应和工件运输时间的影响,以最小化车间能耗为目标,提出一种改进的生物迁徙算法(MBMA)。该算法采用基于工件-机器-工人的三段式编码方法表示调度解,并设计了一种种群初始化方法,以改善初始调度解的质量。考虑到基本生物迁徙算法无法直接应用于离散车间调度问题,提出一种基于交叉操作的离散迁徙算子,使算法能够直接在离散调度空间内进行搜索。此外,在迁徙算子中引入转换概率动态调整策略,以平衡算法探索与开发能力,另外增加了一种记忆池机制,避免算法过早收敛。对于个体更新算子,设计了一种局部搜索算法嵌入其中,以增强算法局部搜索能力。大量实验结果表明,MBMA算法的计算结果优于其他算法。

改进文化基因算法求解双资源约束柔性作业车间调度问题

针对具有机器和工人的双资源约束柔性作业车间调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间为目标构建调度模型,并设计一种改进文化基因算法对其进行求解。由于该调度问题需要同时考虑工序排序、机器选择及工人选择3个子问题,故采用三层序列编码。考虑传统解码方式存在收敛速度慢、收敛不完全的弊端,设计一种扩展型插入式主动解码方式,以提高算法的收敛速度;针对进化算法易陷入局部最优的缺陷,设计一种基于负载平衡的机器和工人再分配算子,增强算法的全局搜索能力,对种群中的优秀个体采用改进变邻域搜索以提高算法的局部寻优能力。最后,利用仿真算例及航空设备生产实例进行实验,验证所提算法求解双资源约束调度问题的有效性。

面向系统灵活性提升的大用户激励型需求响应优化策略

针对大规模可再生能源接入电力系统所导致的灵活爬坡产品(FRP)需求激增问题,提出一种大用户激励型需求响应(DR)策略,为独立系统运营商(ISO)获取需求侧灵活性资源提供有效途径。采用用户需求管理行为模型(CDMBM),估计能够反映DR行为差异化的用户响应成本函数;构建ISO与多个大用户之间的激励型DR主从博弈模型,以ISO为决策主体的电能与FRP联合出清优化模型作为上层模型,以大用户参与联合市场DR决策的优化模型作为下层模型,通过将主从博弈问题转换为带均衡约束的数学优化问题,求解博弈均衡解进而得到具有差异化的用户DR单位补偿费用。通过算例分析,验证了所提策略的有效性。

面向航空结构件的双资源分布式柔性调度研究

考虑航空结构件生产中精工序的员工约束和分布式多工厂协作需求,建立双资源约束分布式柔性作业车间调度模型。提出一种基于关键工厂的混合灰狼优化算法来解决该问题。针对模型的工厂选择、工序排序、机器选择以及员工选择4个子问题,设计了4层编码及新型解码方式以避免机器员工的使用冲突。结合模型的工厂约束和员工约束特征,设计一种新的狼群捕猎和猎物搜索机制,保证种群多样性的同时提高算法全局探索能力。针对分布式特性,设计基于关键工厂的局部搜索策略,提高算法的局部搜索能力。通过扩展标准算例和航空结构件实例分析,验证了所提算法求解双资源约束分布式柔性调度的有效性。

融资约束视角下财务柔性对企业成长性的影响

针对融资约束视角下财务柔性对企业成长性的影响问题,采用实证研究的方法,以2016—2021年沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,分析融资约束视角下财务柔性与企业成长性的关系。研究表明:财务柔性促进企业成长性。高融资约束企业中,储备现金柔性对企业成长性的促进作用更显著;低融资约束企业中,储备负债柔性对企业成长性的促进作用更显著。研究结论为企业进一步完善柔性财务管理模式提供参考。

双种群混合遗传算法求解航空复合材料柔性调度问题

考虑航空复合材料柔性车间调度中的运输约束,以最小化完工时间为目标,建立调度模型,提出一种改进的双种群混合遗传算法进行求解。根据问题特点,基于工序排序、机器选择和运输约束3个子问题,设计三层实数编码以及对应解码方案。采用混合初始化提高种群质量,进化过程中采用交叉算子执行全局搜索,为双种群设计基于机器负载平衡和变邻域的局部搜索,提高全局和局部搜索能力。与对比算法相比10个测试算例中BPRD指标取得9个最优,APRD指标全部取得最优,t检验显著性有明显差异,验证算法的优越性。将算法应用于航空复合材料车间中,实现实际生产的调度,验证算法的可行性。

财务柔性对企业投融资期限错配的影响研究——一个有调节效应的中介模型

选取2012-2022年中国A股上市公司的数据,运用有调节效应的中介模型实证分析财务柔性对企业投融资期限错配的影响、融资约束在财务柔性与企业投融资期限错配之间的作用路径以及内部控制对财务柔性与企业投融资期限错配关系的调节作用。结果表明,财务柔性能够显著降低企业的投融资期限错配程度;机制检验结果表明,财务柔性可以通过缓解企业面临的融资约束程度进而降低企业的投融资期限错配程度;内部控制质量对财务柔性的直接效应以及融资约束的中介效应均具有调节作用。研究结论对增强企业财务柔性储备意识、加强企业内部控制制度建设、优化企业投融资期限结构等具有重要意义。

考虑双资源约束的分布式柔性作业车间调度

随着全球制造业的发展,分布式柔性作业车间调度问题(distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem, DFJSP)引起了学者们的关注.DFJSP的研究中常常忽略工人资源,作为生产的关键因素,有效利用工人资源可以提高生产率.研究了考虑双资源约束的分布式柔性作业车间调度问题(distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints, DFJSP-DRC),建立以最小化最大完工时间和总能耗为目标的数学模型,并提出一种改进的非支配排序遗传算法(improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, INSGA-Ⅱ)去求解.在INSGA-Ⅱ中,通过混合初始化策略生成高质量的初始解,并设计了一种基于加工机器和工人公共空闲时间的主动解码策略来获得调度方案.为增强INSGA-Ⅱ的全局搜索能力,提出了改进的交叉变异策略和自适应交叉变异率.通过在45个算例与三种算法的比较,验证了INSGA-Ⅱ解决DFJSP-DRC的有效性.

基于耦合约束解耦的虚拟电厂动态可行域求解方法

构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统需深入挖掘需求侧灵活性资源的调度潜力,使其参与电网调度调节任务以提升电网平衡调节能力。灵活性资源的海量异构特性使其聚合可行域的求解计算复杂度提升、约束满足难度增大。该文基于顶点搜索法,建立计及分布式电源出力不确定性的虚拟电厂动态可行域求解模型,进而通过李雅普诺夫优化将求解模型内部耦合约束松弛解耦为虚拟队列稳定性问题,提出以顶点搜索与队列稳定为目标的数学模型,最终通过建立虚拟时间队列形成求解算法。所提算法通过耦合约束解耦以提高求解效率;通过满足调度能力约束以提升资源调度能力。算例结果表明,在日前与日内场景下,所提算法具备提升计算效率与约束满足能力等方面的优势。

小天体柔性着陆任务规划的动态时间约束推理方法

针对小天体柔性着陆任务规划中的复杂耦合时间约束一致性推理效率问题,建立任务规划时间约束网络,通过划分时间约束类型,设计约束动态添加策略,提出动态弧一致时间约束推理方法,限制新添加约束的传播范围,局部求解时间网络一致性,实现规划过程中时间约束网络一致性的高效维护。最后,构建小天体着陆规划场景,生成着陆任务规划活动及时间约束。仿真结果表明,与现有时间约束推理方法相比,所提出方法提高了时间约束推理效率,进而可为小天体柔性着陆任务规划提供支撑。

考虑配电网灵活性的分布鲁棒优化调度

针对新能源占比不断增加导致的配电网线路过载和灵活性不足问题,提出一种考虑配电网灵活性的分布鲁棒优化调度方法。首先,考虑节点灵活性资源的功率支撑作用、网络灵活性资源智能软开关的系统潮流优化,提高配电网灵活运行能力;其次,考虑供需平衡和功率传输能力提出了灵活性裕度和线路容量裕度灵活性评价指标;然后,以灵活性裕度、线路容量裕度最优和运行成本最小为目标,构建基于数据驱动的两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型,通过列与约束生成算法对模型求解。最后,通过算例仿真验证了所提模型对提升配电网经济灵活运行的有效性。