Recursive Lagrangian dynamic modeling and simulation of multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms

The dynamics for multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms consisting of n links and n rotary joints is investigated. Kinematics of both rotary-joint motion and link deformation is described by 4 - 4 homogenous transformation matrices, and the Lagrangian equations are used to derive the governing equations of motion of the system. In the modeling the recursive strategy for kinematics is adopted to improve the computational efficiency. Both the bending and torsional flexibility of the link are taken into account. Based on the present method a general-purpose software package for dynamic simulation is developed. Dynamic simulation of a spatial flexible manipulator arm is given as an example to validate the algorithm.

Robust control of a hydraulically driven flexible arm

A new robust controller is proposed to regulate both flexural vibrations and rigid body motion of a hydraulically driven flexible arm. The controller combines backstepping control and sliding mode to arrive at a controller capable of dealing with a nonlinear system with uncertainties. The sliding mode technique is used to achieve an asymptotic joint angle and vibration regulation in the presence of payload uncertainty by providing a virtual torque input at the joint while the backstepping technique is used to regulate the spool position of a hydraulic valve to provide the required torque. It is shown that there is no chatter in the hydraulic valve, which results in smoother operation of the system.

Dynamic analysis of multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms with dynamic stiffening effects

The dynamics for multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms is investigated. The system considered here is an N-flexible-link manipulator driven by N DC-motors through N revolute flexiblejoints. The flexibility of each flexible joint is modeled as a linearly elastic torsional spring, and the mass of the joint is also considered. For the flexibility of the link, all of the stretching deformation, bending deformation and the torsional deformation are included. The complete governing equations of motion of the system are derived via the Lagrange equations. The nonlinear description of the deformation field of the flexible link is adopted in the dynamic modeling, and thus the dynamic stiffening effects are captured. Based on this model, a general-purpose software package for dynamic simulation of multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms is developed. Several illustrative examples are given to validate the algorithm presented in this paper and to indicate that not only dynamic stiffening effects but also the flexibility of the structure has significant influence on the dynamic performance of the manipulator.

Dynamic Tracking Control of Space Robot Flexible Arm

An inverse dynamic model is deve1oped through further deduction from the dynamic model of a flexible arm based upon the lagrangian formula,and a dynamic non-linear tracking control scheme,which combines an inverse dynamic method with PD control and non-linear compensator,is proposed for flexible arms.Simulation reaults show this non-linear control scheme can put the flexible arm system under effective control and realize accurate trajectory tracking.

STUDY ON RESTRAINING THE RESIDUAL VIBRATION OF FLEXIBLE ARM BY PLANNING ACCELERATION

The method of planning acceleration is discussed to restrain the residual vibration of flexible arm. Based on the built mathematical model of the flexible arm, the equations of vibration with acceleration,vibration frequency,damping and time are obtained theoretically.According to the vibration frequency and damping, the suitable acceleration is executed experimentally to the flexible arm at the corresponding time. The result shows that this way can give rise to good effect to restrain the residual vibration.

End Point Force Control of a Flexible Timoshenko Arm

This paper discusses a force control problem for a flexible Timoshenko arm. The effect of shear deformation and the effect of rotary inertia are considered in Timoshenko beam theory. Most of the research about force control of the flexible arm is based on Euler Bernoulli beam theory. There are a few researches about force control of the flexible arm using Timoshenko beam theory. The aim of the force control is to control the contact force at the contact point. To solve this problem, we propose a simple controller using Timoshenko beam theory. Finally, we describe simulation results using a numerical inversion of Laplace transform carried out to investigate the validity of the proposed controller for the force control problem. The results of the time response show the transverse displacement, the angle of deflection, the slider position, the rotational angle and the contact force toward the desired their values.

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

MODELLING OF TWO-FLEXIBLE-ARM MECHANISM WITH ELASTIC JOINTS

The dynamic model of two-flexible-arm mechanism with elastic joints is studied.The transmission problem of the joint which connects two flexible links is successfully solved. The mechanical model is proposed for the joint, and a practical vibration analysis method of lumped parameter transfer matrix modal analysis is developed for two flexible arms with an elastic joint.

基于DCS-惯性权重组合的柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统研究

为了有效调控机械臂运动幅度,避免柔性机械臂实际运动轨迹与目标轨迹发生较大的偏差,设计一种基于分散控制系统(DCS)-惯性权重组合的柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统,它是一个集合了计算机、通信、显示和控制的计算机系统,该系统由过程控制和过程监控。通过DCS算法控制监测对象行为幅度并计算柔性机械臂惯性权重,利用DCS-惯性权重组合求解素数控制指标的具体数值,实现了对柔性机械臂运动轨迹控制系统的软件设计。实验结果表明,DCS-惯性权重组合算法作用下的机械臂末端坐标在横轴、纵轴、空间轴方向上的运动幅值均可以被控制在10个单位长度之内,并且在0.52 s内进入机械臂运动轨迹最佳控制状态,运动轨迹差值最大仅为0.01 rad,验证了该系统具备可行性和有效性。

基于μ综合的平面单臂柔性梁鲁棒振动控制研究

针对平面单臂柔性梁轨迹跟踪及末端弹性振动问题,提出了基于μ综合的控制方法对其进行抑振控制。首先,采用假设模态法描述弹性变形,并基于Lagrange方程建立动力学模型;其次,考虑载荷质量和结构阻尼的参数不确定性及建模摄动,运用线性分式变换,选用加权函数建立混合不确定模型。通过引入理想模型改进μ综合的标准控制结构,提高了系统收敛性并改善了闭环系统性能。基于μ综合控制方法,设计了系统鲁棒控制器。仿真结果表明,控制器的结构奇异值上下界均小于1,表示系统具有良好的鲁棒稳定性及鲁棒性能。通过与PD控制器对比分析,表明在存在不确定性和干扰的情况下,所提出的控制策略能更高精度地进行轨迹跟踪,更有效地衰减末端振动,验证了该控制策略的有效性。

带辅助轮摆臂的履带式机器人越障能力分析

履带式移动机器人因具有良好的环境适应性被广泛应用于军事和安全领域。为了改善现有摆臂履带式机器人结构复杂、重量和体积较大等不足,进一步提高其越障能力,提出一种带辅助轮摆臂的履带式移动机器人,设计该机器人的几何模型,分析其越障机理,推导摆臂的正逆运动学方程,分别建立有/无滑移条件下机器人的运动学模型。采用柔性体有限段模型法建立履带的多体动力学仿真模型。通过履带滑转率、机器人主体质心高度,履带与地面接触力及摆轮受力的变化,综合分析该机器人越障时的动力性能。在越阶、爬坡和越沟壑不同工况下,提出的带辅助轮摆臂的履带式机器人表现出良好的越障性能。

考虑控制器饱和约束的单杆柔性机械臂鲁棒H∞保性能控制方法

针对单杆柔性机械臂建模误差,控制器饱和及外界扰动的不确定性因素,提出了单杆柔性机械臂的鲁棒H∞保性能控制方法。现有单杆柔性机械臂控制方法多是忽略了其质量对系统性能的干扰,未考虑控制器输入饱和对电机寿命的影响。因此,文章将柔性机械臂的质量作为建模不确定性,然后基于李亚普诺夫函数推导出不确定线性系统鲁棒H∞保性能控制器存在的充分必要条件,将控制问题转换为一个线性矩阵不等式的优化问题。最终使二次性能指标上界或H∞变化范围最小。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器对于柔性机械臂的振动有很好的抑制效果。

柔性关节航空航天机械臂抗干扰控制研究

航空航天机械臂具有柔性且对精度要求高,为抑制空间环境力矩和内部参数变化等干扰,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的航空航天机械臂反步控制策略。首先,建立柔性关节航空航天机械臂受干扰时的单关节数学模型,基于数学模型设计柔性关节航空航天机械臂的非线性干扰观测器,保证其能稳定估计干扰信号;然后,基于Lyapunov函数设计反步控制器,将干扰观测器估计到的干扰估计值补偿到反步控制器端,产生抑制实际干扰的控制量;最后,利用MATLAB/simulink搭建虚拟仿真进行验证。仿真结果表明,基于干扰观测器的柔性关节航空航天机械臂反步控制器能够有效抑制干扰,极大地改善了柔性关节航空航天机械臂的抗干扰性能。

基于SCARA的柔性葡萄采摘机械臂设计与试验

针对现今葡萄种植环境狭小且复杂、常见关节型机械臂空间运动灵活度较小和避障能力较弱等问题,为了适应葡萄植株下层枝叶较少、障碍物较少,上层枝叶较多、障碍物较多的特点,设计并开发一款基于SCARA的柔性葡萄采摘机械臂,其底部为SCARA机械臂,上部为柔性机械臂部分;同时,设计了SCARA与柔性机械臂的协调运动控制系统。通过分析机械臂的机械结构和工作原理确定机械臂的末端空间位置和机械臂的运动学关系,利用MatLab绘制其工作空间,并绘制柔性机械臂在随机两个空间点运动的轨迹、速度、加速度图,从而实现SCARA机械臂与柔性机械臂的运动控制。

基于视觉反馈的柔性充气仿生臂控制系统设计

设计了一种基于视觉反馈的柔性仿生臂控制系统,通过将其等效为刚体的建模方法对所设计的柔性仿生臂进行了理论分析。利用手动操纵杆实现了对柔性仿生臂的手动操控。在柔性仿生臂头端安装有摄像头,可以通过卷积神经网络目标检测和识别算法识别目标物体,其获得的位置信息可用于闭环控制。通过视觉反馈实现了对目标的搜索和锁定。相较于传统的刚性机械臂,本研究具有安全性高和体积小的优点。同时,计算机仿真和实验均验证了该设计的合理性与有效性。

基于arms3c44b0x处理器的Bootloader设计和实现

在不同安全域之间传输文件,只能是低保密级别安全域的文件向高保密级别安全域传输。介绍了基于USB2.0总线的单向数据传输系统的实现原理及技术,系统地阐述了如何采用USB2.0集成芯片CY7C68013与光耦、双口RAM结合来实现计算机单向数据传输的方案,通过实验验证该系统实现了单向、可靠、快速的数据传输。

一种柔性采摘机械臂的运动学分析与仿真

针对刚性机械臂在果蔬采摘作业中的不足,设计了一种结构简单、运动灵活的柔性采摘机械臂。首先,基于等圆弧假设建立了柔性采摘机械臂的运动学模型,对其进行了从关节空间到操作空间和从驱动空间到关节空间的正、逆运动学分析以及各柔性关节之间的解耦分析。然后,利用MATLAB软件对柔性采摘机械臂的运动学模型进行了数值计算,同时利用ADAMS软件建立柔性采摘机械臂的虚拟样机模型,选用与理论分析相同的工况开展运动学仿真,验证了理论分析结果的准确性。仿真结果表明,该柔性采摘机械臂可实现灵活、协调运动。研究结果可为后续柔性机械臂的运动控制提供依据。

基于自适应阻抗控制的大负载液压机械臂柔顺控制

针对大负载液压机械臂的柔顺作业问题,提出了一种自适应阻抗控制算法进行机械臂柔顺控制。算法根据六维力传感器测量的接触力信息和机械臂末端位置信息,对环境刚度和环境位置实时估计。根据环境刚度和环境位置的估计值,对机械臂的参考轨迹进行修正,实现自适应阻抗控制,以达到更佳的力控效果。开展了液压机械臂管道搬运实验,进行自适应控制算法性能验证。结果表明,相较于传统的阻抗控制算法,机械臂采用自适应阻抗控制算法能够获得更好的力控性和柔顺性。

新型多频率三端口模块化多电平换流器拓扑及其控制策略

未来电网中将会存在的工频、直流与低频等多种频率,而传统换流器仅能实现交-交、交-直两种频率电气量间的能量交换。为此,提出一种新的多频率三端口模块化多电平换流器(multi-frequency triple-port modular multilevel converter,MFTP-MMC)拓扑,该拓扑结构简单对称,能够直接实现工频-低频-直流的功率变换和频率控制,不存在无功约束问题,可以输出2倍直流电压,具有直流故障自清除功能。针对MFTP-MMC拓扑建立其dq坐标下的动态数学模型,实现了系统2种交流频率分量同直流分量的解耦,在此基础上给出相应的控制策略,包括内环电流控制、环流控制、子模块均压控制以及外环功率控制,其物理概念清晰、控制性能良好。进一步,给出了桥臂无功分配系数的优化方法。同时针对其拓扑提出直流侧故障时闭锁以及故障后软起动策略。MATLAB/Simulink平台下的一系列仿真结果验证了所提MFTP-MMC拓扑和数学模型的正确性及其控制策略的有效性。

基于滚动接触的单模块多自由度柔性连续体机械臂设计

为实现连续体机械臂的多模态运动,解决现有机械臂只能实现单一弯曲或旋转的问题,设计了一种基于滚动接触的单模块多自由度柔性连续体机械臂。将滚动接触模块作为连续体机械臂弯曲模块的骨架结构,并在弯曲模块内安装旋转模块,以形成具备独立弯曲和旋转运动的多自由度机械臂。采用分段常曲率法建立连续体机械臂的运动学模型,对其刚度性能、弯曲性能和旋转性能进行了分析。制备了连续体机械臂样机,并开展机械臂拧松瓶盖、开启风扇以及在三维空间内避开障碍物抓取目标物体等实验。实验结果表明,利用连续体机械臂的弯曲与旋转组合运动可完成复杂空间环境下的不同任务,体现了复合运动模式的优势。所设计的连续体机械臂具备多模态运动,可为多自由度连续体机械臂的设计提供新思路,拓展了连续体机械臂的应用场景。