A methodology to determine the elastic properties of anisotropic rocks from a single uniaxial compression test

This paper introduces a new methodology to measure the elastic constants of transversely isotropic rocks from a single uniaxial compression test.We first give the mathematical proof that a uniaxial compression test provides only four independent strain equations.As a result,the exact determination of all five independent elastic constants from only one test is not possible.An approximate determination of the Young’s moduli and the Poisson’s ratios is however practical and efficient when adding the Saint-Venant relation as the fifth equation.Explicit formulae are then developed to calculate both secant and tangent definitions of the five elastic constants from a minimum of four strain measurements.The results of this new methodology applied on three granitic samples demonstrate a significant stress-induced nonlinear behavior,where the tangent moduli increase by a factor of three to four when the rock is loaded up to 20 MPa.The static elastic constants obtained from the uniaxial compression test are also found to be significantly smaller than the dynamic ones obtained from the ultrasonic measurements.

煤矸石机制砂C20混凝土力学性能研究

为探究煤矸石机制砂对低强度等级C20混凝土力学性能的影响,调控煤矸石机制砂掺量和水灰比浇筑混凝土试块,开展抗压和抗折强度试验。结果表明:相同水灰比下,随煤矸石机制砂掺量增加,混凝土的抗压强度先增强后降低;相同取代率下,混凝土的抗压和抗折强度随水灰比增大而降低。相较于煤矸石机制砂取代率,水灰比对混凝土抗折强度的影响更大。取代率不超过30%时,对混凝土的抗压和抗折强度均有利,水灰比为0.55、取代率为25%时,混凝土抗压和抗折强度提高最多。

水泥基材料用原位增韧材料研究现状

原位增韧材料可以从微纳观层次改善水泥水化产物的特性以及水泥基材料的微观结构,从而提升水泥基材料的韧性。通过整理国内外学者关于原位增韧材料增强水泥基材料宏观性能的研究,比较了纳米材料、聚合物材料和功能性微晶这三类增韧材料对水泥基材料力学性能的影响,包括抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及韧性。此外,分别从水化产物特性、水化产物微结构以及界面过渡区这三个方面出发,对原位增韧材料增强水泥基材料韧性的机理进行了系统地阐述。为后续水泥基材料用原位增韧材料的研发和混凝土韧性提升提供参考。

不同粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰再生混凝土的力学性能研究

为探讨不同再生粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,以及再生混凝土抗折强度与再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比之间的关系,以RC30设计强度等级为基础设计了16组配合比,制作了96块再生混凝土试块,主要进行了再生混凝土的抗压强度试验和抗折强度试验。得出如下结论:随粉煤灰掺量的增加,不同再生粗骨料取代率,抗压强度变化规律有所不同;再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%和40%时,抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加整体呈下降趋势;而当再生粗骨料取代率为50%时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压强度先减小后增大。粉煤灰掺量大于20%时,天然骨料混凝土的抗压强度急剧下降,而再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度降低幅度均较小,大掺量粉煤灰在再生混凝土中或将有更大的应用空间。通过观察抗折强度试件破坏断面,分析再生混凝土变形破坏特征。粉煤灰的掺入提高了天然骨料混凝土的抗折强度,且掺量为20%强度最高。再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,随粉煤灰掺量变化抗折强度整体呈下降趋势,但下降幅度很小;再生粗骨料取代率为40%和50%时,呈先减后增再减的趋势。天然骨料混凝土的折压比随粉煤灰掺量的增加而提高;再生混凝土折压比随粉煤灰掺量的变化趋势与抗折强度一致,但变化幅度略小。粉煤灰对再生混凝土抗折强度的影响大于抗压强度;再生粗骨料取代率为30%,粉煤灰掺量为10%为较优掺量。提出再生混凝土抗折强度预测式。

原生混凝土强度对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响

将废弃混凝土试块按强度等级分类制成再生骨料,在不同水灰比条件下制备再生骨料透水混凝土。通过对所制试件进行抗压强度和弯拉强度测试、宏观和微观组织表征以及显微硬度测试,分析了原生混凝土强度和水灰比对再生骨料透水混凝土强度的影响。结果表明,再生骨料透水混凝土强度与原生混凝土强度存在明确正相关性。原生混凝土强度每提高10 MPa,再生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度可提高10%~20%,弯拉强度可提高10%~30%。不同强度等级原生混凝土制备的再生骨料透水混凝土最优水灰比呈现规律性变化。随着原生混凝土强度的提高,再生骨料表面的孔隙变小、微裂缝变少,附着的水泥浆趋于致密,所制再生骨料透水混凝土界面强度增大。

单轴对称截面轴压构件弯扭失稳换算长细比的一般计算式

单轴对称截面轴压构件弯扭失稳的换算长细比是计算其极限荷载的重要参数。基于单轴对称截面轴压构件弯扭失稳的平衡微分方程,采用Galerkin法推导了4种边界约束条件弯扭失稳临界荷载的一元二次方程,并进一步得到了基于荷载比、双长细比的弯扭失稳换算长细比理论式。基于理论式,分别对比了我国现行标准GB 50017—2017中双角钢组合T形截面轴压构件扭转失稳、弯扭失稳的换算长细比,揭示了其中存在的问题;提出了新的双角钢组合T形截面轴压构件扭转失稳、弯扭失稳换算长细比的计算式,并与理论式的计算结果进行对比。结果表明,对于不同边界约束条件的轴压构件,其弯扭失稳临界荷载或换算长细比的形式不尽相同;相较于GB 50017—2017中的公式,所建议的双角钢组合T形截面轴压构件扭转失稳、弯扭失稳的换算长细比具有更高的精度,且适用于4种边界约束条件和115个等边双角钢组合T形截面、71个长肢相并的不等边双角钢组合T形截面和71个短肢相并的不等边双角钢组合T形截面。

C-S-H凝胶的水热合成及其性能研究

水热合成C-S-H凝胶并将其作为晶种添加到水泥中,研究其对水泥物理性能及水化的影响。研究了不同的钙硅比、反应温度、反应时间对合成过程及产物的影响,并将合成产物作为晶种添加到水泥中,研究其对水泥胶砂强度及水化产物的影响。研究表明:水热合成C-S-H的最佳条件为水热温度80℃,反应7 d,钙硅比控制1.5;将C-S-H凝胶以2%的掺量添加到水泥中,可促进水泥水化,改善水泥石的机械强度尤其是早期强度,并且有效缩短水泥凝结时间。

Poisson比对弯曲波在变截面梁中传播特性的影响

基于Timoshenko理论和梁几何不连续处位移连续和力平衡条件,得到弯曲波在变截面梁中反射和透射系数矩阵,进而研究材料Poisson比对弯曲波在梁变截面处传播特性的影响.结果显示,在负Poisson比阶段,透射传播波的振幅和能量有显著下降趋势,反射传播波振幅和能量上升明显.这说明负Poisson比有利于反射传播波在变截面处的生成,对透射传播波有抑制作用.此外通过对衰减波能量的分析,得到Euler-Bernoulli理论即使在低频范围内,有时会产生较大误差,因此在使用Euler-Bernoulli理论时应慎重.

两类三元胶凝体系的构建及配比优化

为了保证混凝土材料性能,同时实现低碳、绿色化发展,本文以矿渣粉(GS)、粉煤灰(FA)和石灰石粉(LS)等辅助胶凝材料(SCMs)替代55%(质量分数)水泥(C)制备了两种三元胶凝体系,即粉煤灰-矿渣粉-水泥体系(FGC)和石灰石粉-矿渣粉-水泥体系(LGC),研究了体系中FA-GS、LS-GS比例变化对三元胶凝材料粉料堆积密实度、工作性和强度的影响,并结合微观结构分析确定了三元胶凝体系的最佳配比。结果表明,随着两种三元胶凝体系中GS占比的增大,试样密实度和流动性略微减小,试样抗压、抗折强度以及环境效益逐渐增大。在FA-GS和LS-GS质量比均为3∶8时,两种胶凝体系制备的胶砂试样中后期强度均能接近甚至超过纯水泥试样。

Na2SO4激发低水胶比粉煤灰-水泥砂浆力学性能研究

固定水胶比为0.24,通过I级粉煤灰替代砂浆中30%~70%水泥的强度试验,研究了Na 2 SO 4对粉煤灰-水泥砂浆体系的激发效果。结果表明:不掺激发剂时,砂浆抗压和抗折强度随粉煤灰替代率的增加成比例下降,且粉煤灰替代率达50%以上时对强度增长速率有显著提升作用。粉煤灰替代率不低于50%时,1%的Na 2 SO 4掺量对砂浆抗压强度增进效果最佳,与此不同的是,Na 2 SO 4掺量越高,对砂浆抗折强度的增长越有利。随龄期增长,Na 2 SO 4激发粉煤灰-水泥砂浆的折压比显著下降,但抗折强度均在5.0 MPa以上。

聚丙烯腈纤维废陶瓷再生骨料混凝土力学性能优化研究

为了使掺入聚丙烯腈纤维的废陶瓷再生骨料混凝土力学性能达到最优,选取了废陶瓷骨料掺量、聚丙烯腈纤维掺量以及聚丙烯腈纤维长度3个因素,每个因素合理选取5个水平,设计3因素5水平的正交试验。试验结果表明:当废陶瓷骨料掺量取55%~60%、聚丙烯腈纤维掺量取0.8 kg/m3、聚丙烯腈纤维长度取12 mm时,混凝土抗压强度最佳;当废陶瓷骨料掺量取45%~50%、聚丙烯腈纤维掺量取1.2 kg/m3、聚丙烯腈纤维长度取15 mm时,混凝土抗折强度最佳,均达到了设计的C30强度标准。对试验数据进行极差分析和方差分析,得到各因素对试件抗压强度和抗折强度影响的敏感度顺序以及显著性程度。

氧化铝纤维增强混凝土力学性能试验研究

为探究氧化铝纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响,制作了不同氧化铝纤维长度(4 mm、8 mm、12 mm、16 mm)及体积掺量(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%)的氧化铝纤维增强混凝土试件,并且分别对其开展了抗压及抗折性能测试。结果表明,随着氧化铝纤维体积掺量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈现出先逐渐增加而后有所下降的变化趋势;掺入长度为8 mm的氧化铝纤维比另外3种长度的氧化铝纤维对于混凝土抗压、抗折强度的提升作用更加明显。当氧化铝纤维长度为8 mm、体积掺量为0.2%时,氧化铝纤维增强混凝土的抗压强度相较于素混凝土提高了10.59%;当氧化铝纤维长度为8 mm、体积掺量为0.3%时,氧化铝纤维增强混凝土的抗折强度相较于素混凝土提高了26.18%。通过微观形貌分析可知,氧化铝纤维能够与混凝土基体紧密结合,充分发挥阻裂作用、桥接作用,进而有效改善混凝土材料的基本力学性能。

一种新型早强高强灌浆料的制备及性能研究

灌浆料作为一种常见的建筑材料,被广泛应用于建筑工程中,主要用于工程部位的支撑和固定。然而,传统的灌浆料存在一些问题,比如流动性易损失、强度发展缓慢以及后期强度不足等特点。本文通过研究不同水灰比、外加剂掺量以及矿物掺合料种类对灌浆料早强、高强性能的影响,并利用化学分析、XRD和SEM等方法对灌浆料进行检测分析。结果表明,灌浆料的水灰比在0.28、早强剂的掺量为0.1%以及硅灰和矿粉的掺量为5%、10%时,灌浆料的8 h、1 d、28 d抗折强度分别为11.5 MPa、14.4 MPa、16.8 MPa,抗压强度分别达到49.8 MPa、68.2 MPa、93.5 MPa,满足灌浆料早强、高强的性能要求。

基于K-SVD的星载GPS观测数据压缩方法

空间飞行器主要采用双频GPS精密定轨技术提高轨道预报精度,但需对双频GPS导航系统的观测数据进行预存储,为星载固存的存储资源增加负担;为此,文章提出了针对星载GPS观测数据的压缩方法,该方法引入稀疏表示理论,采用K奇异值分解(K-SVD,k-singular value decomposition)字典学习方法构建出压缩字典,GPS导航系统将采集的观测数据时间序列稀疏分解到K-SVD压缩字典中,达到数据压缩目的;通过地面仿真验证,该方法不仅具有高压缩比、低失真率等特点,还能够降低GPS观测数据的噪声水平,从而提升了0.2~0.36 mm的精密定轨精度,并且该方法适合不同轨道高度的低轨飞行器应用。

门源M_(S)6.9地震前地电场优势方位角与加卸载响应比异常变化分析

2022年1月8日在青海门源县发生M_(S)6.9地震,基于震中300 km范围内地电场近5年观测资料,综合分析选取9个观测站,根据大地电场岩体裂隙水(电荷)渗流(移动)模型计算其优势方位角,并尝试以地电场为响应量,通过库仑应力触发模型的加卸载响应比(LURR)计算方法,计算地电场LURR值。结果显示:(1)两种不同方法计算的地电场异常站在空间分布上具有一致性,其中古丰、黄羊川、寺滩和兰州站地电场优势方位角、LURR在震前皆出现异常变化,而山丹等其他站方位角、LURR均看不出明显的异常变化。(2)兰州和寺滩站两种计算方法的结果时序变化较为吻合,表现出准同步性。进一步结合震源机制解对异常观测站优势方位与区域主压应力P走向的关联进行分析,结果表明基本符合岩石物理学理论,这在一定程度上可增强地电场优势方位角方法在分析地震前兆异常中的可信度。地电场优势方位角以及LURR值两种计算方法在机理上具有关联性,综合分析其异常演化特征可能有助于进一步认知地震孕育的物理过程。

Design of Eco-friendly Ultra-high Performance Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Coarse Aggregate

Aiming to investigate the mix design of eco-friendly UHPC with supplementary cementitious materials and coarser aggregates, we comprehensively studied the workability, microstructure, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of UHPC. Relationship between compressive strength and Young’s modulus was obtained eventually. It is found that the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of UHPC increase by 19.01%, 10.81%, and 5.99%, respectively, when 40 wt% cement is replaced with supplementary cementitious materials. The relationship between compressive strength and Young’s modulus of UHPC is an exponential form.

中国现行钢结构规范(规程)与美国ASD规范的主要限值

通过比较现行中、美两国的钢结构设计规范、规程中对受压杆件的长细比、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比的极限值规定，阐述两国规范、规程中的差异和近似之处。

Utilization of Industrial Waste Slag as Aggregate in Concrete Applications by Adopting Taguchi’s Approach for Optimization

This paper presents result of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate effects of replacing aggregates (coarse & fine) with that of Slag (Crystallized & Granular) which is an industrial waste by-product on concrete strength properties by using Taguchi’s approach of optimization. Whole study was done in three phases, in the first phase natural coarse aggregate was replaced by crystallized slag coarse aggregate keeping fine aggregate (natural sand) common in all the mixes, in the second phase fine aggregate (natural sand) was replaced by granular slag keeping natural coarse aggregate common in all the mixes and in the third phase both the aggregates were replaced by crystallized & granular aggregates. The study concluded that compressive strength of concrete improved almost all the % replacements of normal crushed coarse aggregate with crystallized slag by 5% to 7%. In case of replacements of fine aggregate and both type of aggregates, the strength improvements were notably noticed at 30% to 50% replacement level. It could also be said that full substitution of slag aggregate with normal crushed coarse aggregate improved the flexure and split tensile strength by 6% to 8% at all replacements and in case of replacing fine aggregate & both the aggregates( Fine & coarse) with slag, the strength improvement was at 30% to 50% replacements. It is evident from the investigation that Taguchi approach for optimization helped in indentifying the factors affecting the final outcomes. Based on the overall observations, it could be recommended that Slag could be effectively utilized as coarse & fine aggregates in all concrete applications.

Comparison about parametric effects on wave propagation characteristics

The frequency effects on the velocities and attenuations of the bulk waves in a saturated porous medium are numerically studied in the cases of considering and neglecting the compressibility of solid grain, respectively. The results show that the whole frequency can be divided into three parts, i.e., low frequency band, medium frequency band, and high frequency band, according to the variation curves and the characteristic frequency. The compressibility of the solid grain affects the P1 wave distinctively, the S wave tiny, and the P2 wave little. The effects of the porosity and Poisson＇s ratio on the bulk waves are numerically analyzed. It is found that both the porosity and Poisson＇s ratio have obvious effects on the bulk waves. Compared with the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation, the results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation are more reasonable. The results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation can be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid, while the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation cannot be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid. Therefore, the porosity-moduli relation must be considered in the parametric study for a certain porous medium.

Study of Rock Mechanic Property and Mineralogy Relationship of the Huai Hin Lat Formation, Sap Phlu Basin, Northeastern Thailand: Implications for Understanding of Shale Gas Reservoir Rock

Thailand is lacked of gas that more information of probable (P2) and possible (P3) reserve data including shale gas can be acceptable to prove (P1) reserve data for new gas field. This research had implicated for understanding of unconventional reservoir rock by rock mechanical, micro-CT, and geochemistry analysis of the Huai Hin Lat Formation. The rock mechanical analysis is composed of average young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength of 1933.79 MPa, 0.1472, and 52.56 MPa. The average porosity of 6.89% consists of 5.41% and 1.48% of closed and open porosities. The average mineralogical results consist mainly of 57.60% and 42.40% of brittle and ductile minerals indicating more elasticity except Bed 6. The Bed 6 is significantly higher quartz (15%) and brittle minerals (64%) indicating to easier fracture are, therefore, lower compressive strength (25.93 MPa), young’s modulus (1729.10 MPa) and Poisson’s ratio (0.0705). The Beds 3B is slightly higher clay containing slightly higher closed porosity (5.46%) but the Bed 14 is slightly higher brittle mineral indicating to slightly higher open porosity.