ENERGY STATE APPROACH TO THE INTEGRATED FLIGHT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT

The integrated aircraft flight performance management techniques are discussed in this paper based on the point-mass energy state approximation principle. The flight performance optimization algorithms, developed with energy state approximation approach, are first introduced, the functionally integrated flight path/speed control system, so called total energy control system (TECS), is then discussed, and the guidance technique and algorithms, which relate the performance optimization results directly with the TECS, are analyzed and developed. Digital simulation results for a specific transport aircraft model demonstrate the satisfactory performances of the resulted flight performance management system.

Research on the Management System of Airline Dispatch in the Flight Operation

In the modem development,the aircraft has become one of the main tools for people's daily travel and the development of the social industry,which promotes the development of the civil aviation.In the composition of airlines,dispatch is one of the representatives of the important work,and we should establish an effective management system.Under the function of this system,to do a good job in the air dispatch is not only conducive to guaranteeing the normal operation of flights,but is also conducive to further promoting the development of the civil aviation industry.In this regard,this paper focuses on the discussion and study of the management system of the air dispatch in the flight operation.

Stochastic Air Traffic Flow Management for Demand and Capacity Balancing Under Capacity Uncertainty

This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.

MODEL OF FLIGHT TECHNICAL ERROR IN SYMMETRICAL PLANE FOR PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION

In the performance based navigation（PBN）,the flight technical error（FTE）and the navigation system error（NSE）are two main parts of total system error（TSE）.The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of TSE.Once the sum of predicted FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,PBN cannot operate.Thus,it requires accurate modeling and thorough analysis of the two main contributors.Multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO）longitudinal flight control system of ARIC model is designed using the linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery（LQG/LTR）method,and FTE in symmetrical plane of aircraft is analyzed during the turbulence disturbed approach.The error estimation mapping function of FTE in symmetrical plane and its bound estimation model are proposed based on the singular value theory.The model provides an approach based on the forming mechanism of FTE,rather than the costly flight test and the data fitting.Real-data based simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE in symmetrical plane.It also shows that FTE is partially caused by the turbulence fluctuation disturbance when the automatic flight control system（AFCS）is engaged and increases with escalating the environmental turbulence intensity.

基于扩展的FMC实物试验用于飞行仿真和飞行试验

利用CITATION-Ⅱ飞机和先进的FMS完成了FMS合格审定试飞方法的飞行验证。结合半实物仿真试验研究了FMS导航/制导的符合性条款;提供了相应的FMS飞行环境模型、FMS制导数学仿真模型和软件;提供可用于民用飞机合格审定试飞的FMS试飞方案;通过FMS性能管理与垂直制导仿真试验研究,表明飞行管理计算机系统(FMCS)所计算出的性能数据都是针对三个飞行阶段,即爬升、巡航和下降。目的是在飞行计划所施加的限制条件内使垂直飞行剖面最佳化。基于FMS半实物仿真试验系统能够准确地复现和实施制导和导航计算,保证了FMS仿真试验的可靠性和置信度。

Flight Safety System Evaluation and Optimal Linear Prediction

The complexity of flight safety system is usually affected by a variety of uncertainties.The uncertainty of overall security situation of flight safety system are hardly determined.In this work,flight safety assessment index system is firstly established based on software hardware environment liveware management(SHELM)model.And flight safety assessment is also carried out with matter-element theory algorithm to obtain safety state.According to correlation degree values of each evaluation index,key indexes affected flight safety are obtained.Under the assumption that the flight safety system is a linear dynamic system and combining the above evaluation analysis,Kalman filter algorithm is used to carry out prediction analysis on security situation.A simulation analysis is carried out based on an actual flight safety situation of an airline.The results show that the security state of airline flight safety system in a short period of time can be obtained,and main factors affecting flight safety are found out.This provides a viable way for airlines to further strengthen flight safety management.

Bilevel Programming Model for Joint Scheduling of Arrival and Departure Flights Based on Traffic Scenario

In order to meet the needs of collaborative decision making,considering the different demands of air traffic control units,airlines,airports and passengers in various traffic scenarios,the joint scheduling problem of arrival and departure flights is studied systematically.According to the matching degree of capacity and flow,it is determined that the traffic state of arrival/departure operation in a certain period is peak or off-peak.The demands of all parties in each traffic state are analyzed,and the mathematical models of arrival/departure flight scheduling in each traffic state are established.Aiming at the four kinds of joint operation traffic scenarios of arrival and departure,the corresponding bi-level programming models for joint scheduling of arrival and departure flights are established,respectively,and the elitism genetic algorithm is designed to solve the models.The results show that:Compared with the first-come-firstserved method,in the scenarios of arrival peak&departure off-peak and arrival peak&departure peak,the departure flight equilibrium satisfaction is improved,and the runway occupation time of departure flight flow is reduced by 38.8%.In the scenarios of arrival off-peak&departure off-peak and departure peak&arrival off-peak,the arrival flight equilibrium delay time is significantly reduced,the departure flight equilibrium satisfaction is improved by 77.6%,and the runway occupation time of departure flight flow is reduced by 46.6%.Compared with other four kinds of strategies,the optimal scheduling method can better balance fairness and efficiency,so the scheduling results are more reasonable.

Characterizing Flight Delay Profiles with a Tensor Factorization Framework

In air traffic and airport management,experience gained from past operations is crucial in designing appropriate strategies when facing a new scenario.Therefore,this paper uses massive spatiotemporal flight data to identify similar traffic and delay patterns,which become critical for gaining a better understanding of the aviation system and relevant decision-making.However,as the datasets imply complex dependence and higher-order interactions between space and time,retrieving significant features and patterns can be very challenging.In this paper,we propose a probabilistic framework for highdimensional historical flight data.We apply a latent class model and demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework using air traffic data from 224 airports in China during 2014–2017.We find that profiles of each dimension can be clearly divided into various patterns representing different regular operations.To prove the effectiveness of these patterns,we then create an estimation model that provides preliminary judgment on the airport delay level.The outcomes of this study can help airport operators and air traffic managers better understand air traffic and delay patterns according to the experience gained from historical scenarios.

Review on artificial intelligence techniques for improving representative air traffic management capability

The use of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased since the middle of the 20th century,as evidenced by its applications to a wide range of engineering and science problems.Air traffic management(ATM)is becoming increasingly automated and autonomous,making it lucrative for AI applications.This paper presents a systematic review of studies that employ AI techniques for improving ATM capability.A brief account of the history,structure,and advantages of these methods is provided,followed by the description of their applications to several representative ATM tasks,such as air traffic services(ATS),airspace management(AM),air traffic flow management(ATFM),and flight operations(FO).The major contribution of the current review is the professional survey of the AI application to ATM alongside with the description of their specific advantages:(i)these methods provide alternative approaches to conventional physical modeling techniques,(ii)these methods do not require knowing relevant internal system parameters,(iii)these methods are computationally more efficient,and(iv)these methods offer compact solutions to multivariable problems.In addition,this review offers a fresh outlook on future research.One is providing a clear rationale for the model type and structure selection for a given ATM mission.Another is to understand what makes a specific architecture or algorithm effective for a given ATM mission.These are among the most important issues that will continue to attract the attention of the AI research community and ATM work teams in the future.

Research on FMC analytic algorithm of PBN track transition coding

Airborne navigation database(NavDB)coding directly affects the result of analysis on the instrument flight procedure by the modern aircraft flight management computer(FMC).A reasonable flight track transition mode can improve the track tracking accuracy and flight quality of the aircraft.According to the path terminator(PT)and track transition characteristics of the performance based navigation(PBN)instrument flight procedure and by use of the world geodetic system(WGS)-84 ellipsoidal coordinate system,the algorithms for“fly by”and“fly over”track transition connections are developed,together with the algorithms for coordinates of fix-to-altitude(FA)altitude termination point and heading-to-an-intercept(VI)track entry point and for track transition display of the navigation display(ND).According to the simulation carried out based on the PBN instrument approach procedure coding of a certain airport and the PBN route data at a high altitude,the algorithm results are consistent with the FMC-calculated results and the actual ND results.

FMCS在洁净厂房工程上的应用

要实现微电子洁净厂房的正常运转,离不开与之配套的电力、空调、通风、排风系统、废气处理系统、纯水系统、中温冷冻水系统、压缩空气、特气及大宗气体纯化等外围条件保障系统。在微电子厂房厂务管理中应用计算机集中监控系统(FMCS)可实现对建筑内各系统及成套设备的集中监控管理,通过统一的通信接口和通信协议,连接相关系统和成套设备所提供的盘柜,并将其关键数据集成到FMCS系统中,实现在统一的平台上进行监视与控制、故障报警和历史数据存储。通过此系统,厂务管理人员在中控室即可准确掌握FAB及CUB内各动力设备运行状态,有利于维护系统及生产环节的紧密结合和协调运转。

一种飞行管理计算机系统FMCS的概貌

本文对飞行管理计算机系统 FMCS 的组成部分硬件结构进行了剖析。具体地对2904A 型飞行管理计算机 FMC 和2577B 型控制显示装置 CDU 的组成结构进行了介绍。

循证训练理念下签派员技能全生命周期全动模拟机融合训练研究

为了培养高素质签派员队伍,借鉴飞行员技能全生命周期管理(PLM)体系建设相关理论,结合试点开展的“飞行员-签派员”融合训练,梳理其实施的可行性和必要性,探索签派员整个职业生涯岗位胜任力提升的实施路径。基于循证训练(EBT)理念总结“飞行员-签派员”融合训练的保障机制,为优化签派员训练模式提供参考。

基于任务优先权的军民航飞行活动协同排序模型

随着空域资源需求的不断增大,军民航间飞行矛盾日益突显。为解决此问题,本文以国务院、中央军事委员会空中交通管制委员会提出的“军民航空管联合运行”为背景,引入军民航共享空域的概念,重点研究了在此类空域中军民航飞行活动协同排序(CMFCS,civil-military aviation flight activity collaborative sequencing)问题。首先,基于军民航各自飞行任务特点与差异,对军民航飞行任务的种类进行划分,并使用层次分析法确定各类飞行任务的优先权原则;其次,以军民航飞行活动总延误时间成本最小为目标,建立CMFCS模型;最后,使用遗传算法对模型进行求解,确定军民航飞行活动批准进入共享空域的时间序列。研究结果表明,与经典的先到先服务(FCFS,first come first service)策略相比,协同排序策略得到的总延误时间成本降低了72.17%,优化效果显著且更符合实际,能够实现军民航共同使用国家空域资源,保障飞行活动安全、有序、高效地运行。

项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染防控中的应用

目的 探讨项目综合管理策略在重症监护病房(ICU)落实耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)感染防控措施中的应用效果,为降低MRSA医院感染发生率提供循证依据。方法 选取2020-01-2021-12月某三甲医院5个ICU中住院患者送检标本并经微生物培养分离出MRSA的患者为研究对象。2020年为基线调查,2021年实施项目综合管理策略。比较干预前后各项防控措施落实执行情况、手卫生依从性、患者MRSA检出情况和MRSA检出科室分布情况。结果 实施项目综合干预管理策略后,MRSA防控措施的落实情况优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各类人员手卫生依从性均有提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后患者MRSA检出率由35.71%降至27.73%。MRSA检出科室分布情况显示除呼吸内科ICU持平,其他ICU检出率均下降。结论 项目综合管理策略提高了MRSA感染防控措施的执行力和有效性,降低了MRSA检出率,减少了患者感染MRSA的风险,可保障医疗安全。

基于多目标混合启发式算法的协同无冲突4D航迹规划

为促进基于航迹运行的框架下未来空中交通管理系统的协同决策,本文提出了一种协同无冲突4D航迹规划方法。首先以提高航班效率和航空公司间的公平性为目标,以无冲突为约束构建了一个多目标整数线性优化模型。其次,提出了一种基于基尼系数的指标以量化航空公司间的成本分配公平性。为了提高问题求解效率,采用了基于网格的探测方法以加速冲突检测,并设计了一种多目标混合启发式算法(Multi-objective hybrid-meta-heuristic optimization algorithm,MHMOA),通过结合模拟退火(Simulated annealing,SA)和爬山局部搜索算法来近似最优的非支配解。最后,利用实际航班计划和航路网络数据比较和分析了MHMOA、SA和两种常规多目标优化算法的优化结果。结果表明,MHMOA所获得的非支配解的质量更高、延误更低且航空公司间公平性更优,在3个多目标优化性能指标方面表现优异,可为空中交通管理员提供更详细的决策支持。

基于航空摄影测量的填埋堆体动态重构精度及影响因素

填埋堆体表面形变监测是填埋场库容管理和堆体失稳等风险分析的核心,其时空高分辨率监测研究近年来引起广泛关注。基于航空摄影的地表测量技术具有采集速度快、时空分辨率高等优点,但在填埋场特殊环境下,面对高频填埋活动、显著的堆体变化以及防雨膜覆盖等干扰时,要同时满足高时空分辨率和耗时短的动态监测要求,无人机的最佳飞行参数设定亟待研究。为此,该研究模拟中等规模危险废物填埋场的规模和日填埋量,利用专业级无人机获取模拟区域图像,空三加密处理生成三维点云数据,利用Arcmap叠加分析多期监测数据,从点位坐标、重构尺度、重构体积、体积差分精度4个角度分析重构误差。结果表明:三维重构的坐标精度可以达到米级;重构尺度误差为2~3 cm,重构体积误差为0.16~0.17 m^(3),差分体积误差为0.16~0.17 m^(3);进一步研究发现,高度为25~55 m时,高度越高精度越低,相机倾角为[-53°,-60°]时,精度最高,旁向重叠率大于80%时,误差骤减且基本稳定。考虑到填埋场的填埋作业间隔、无人机续航能力等对飞行时间的约束,为获得最佳精度,建议无人机飞行高度为37 m、相机倾斜角度为[-53°,-60°]、旁向重叠率为80%。

QAR数据的应用与研究进展

随着飞行品质管理的推行,QAR数据在飞行运行管理中的应用得到了快速发展,QAR数据作为记录航空器飞行状态的重要客观数据,是飞行运行安全的重要依据。本文简要介绍了QAR数据,并从飞行安全管理、飞行员操作特征分析、环境污染影响、航空器油耗检测、航空器维修五个方面来阐述当前的应用情况与研究进展。

基于SD卡数据绩效管理指标研究分析

飞行训练安全绩效管理是对飞行训练的安全绩效指标和目标进行监控。通过SD卡数据进行绩效管理,能够及时、客观、科学地分析飞行数据,能够有效监控在日常训练中超限事件,达到对飞行训练运行过程的安全风险和隐患进行有效管控,纠正飞行训练过程中出现的警戒、超限事件,预防不安全事件的发生,从而提高安全管理效能,不断提升训练管理、安全管理能力,为飞行训练运行高质量发展提供基础保障。

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统(FMS)巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,并构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理(第一法则)的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明:本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。