ZERO PHASE ERROR REAL TIME CONTROL FOR FLIGHT SIMULATOR SERVO SYSTEM

Flight simulator is an important device and a typical high performanceposition servo system used in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of flight control system. Withoutusing the future desired output, zero phase error controller makes the overall system's frequencyresponse exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a very small gain error at low frequencyrange can be achieved. A new algorithm to design the feed forward controller is presented, in orderto reduce the phase error, the design of proposed feed forward controller uses a modified plantmodel, which is a closed loop transfer function, through which the system tracking precisionperformance can be improved greatly. Real-time control results show the effectiveness of theproposed approach in flight simulator servo system.

QFT control based on zero phase error compensation for flight simulator

To improve the robustness of high-precision servo systems, quantitative feedback theory （QFT） which aims to achieve a desired robust design over a specified region of plant uncertainty is proposed. The robust design problem can be solved using QFT but it fails to guarantee a high precision tracking. This problem is solved by a robust digital QFT control scheme based on zero phase error （ZPE） feed forward compensation. This scheme consists of two parts： a QFT controller in the closed-loop system and a ZPE feed-forward compensator. Digital QFT controller is designed to overcome the uncertainties in the system. Digital ZPE feed forward controller is used to improve the tracking precision. Simulation and real-time examples for flight simulator servo system indicate that this control scheme can guarantee both high robust performance and high position tracking precision.

Effect of Injection Position on In-Flight Melting Behavior of Granular Alkali-Free Glass Raw Material in 12-Phase AC Arc Plasma

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.

Zero phase error control based on neural compensation for flight simulator servo system

Using the future desired input value, zero phase error controller enables the overall system＇s frequency response exhibit zero phase shift for all frequencies and a small gain error at low frequency range, and based on this, a new algorithm is presented to design the feedforward controller. However, zero phase error controller is only suitable for certain linear system. To reduce the tracking error and improve robustness, the design of the proposed feedforward controller uses a neural compensation based on diagonal recurrent neural network. Simulation and real-time control results for flight simulator servo system show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

7T磁共振成像在脑小血管病中的应用进展

脑小血管病在老年人群具有很高的发病率,可显著增加脑卒中和痴呆的发生风险。迄今为止,该疾病尚无有效的临床和体液生物标志物,诊断鉴别高度依赖于MRI。然而,由于临床影像的空间分辨率所限,脑小血管损害难以直接评价,因此研究者们主要使用一些反映脑实质损害的影像标志物来评估小血管损伤。近年来,随着超高场(7T)MRI技术的不断成熟,其在脑小血管病领域的研究亦日趋广泛。7T-MRI能够直接评估脑小血管结构、功能,并显著提高微小脑实质病灶的检测敏感性,为脑小血管病机制研究和精准诊断提供了重要工具。本文将回顾近年来基于7T-MRI的脑小血管病研究,并讨论潜在的问题和未来研究方向,为相关研究工作者提供借鉴。

卫星主动段力学环境监测系统设计

为精确获取卫星发射主动段星箭界面的加速度与界面力,设计了卫星主动段力学环境监测系统。系统由振动监测单元、振动传感器及应变片组成,其中,振动监测单元设计有3种工作模式——主动段测量模式、在轨振动数据分析模式及振动数据传输模式,采用基于应变的星箭界面动态载荷识别技术,具备6路振动力学传感器数据采集和24路应变数据采集能力。地面试验验证表明,该系统的振动测量精度达到10%,应变测量与LMS(LabVIEW Measurement Studio)系统应变采集数据之间的误差最大不超过4%。实际搭载中获得的星上主动段力学环境测量结果可为优化卫星分析模型和完善卫星地面力学环境模拟试验条件提供参考依据,并为卫星的后续研发与应用提供重要的技术支持。

FMS巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法及应用

飞机的飞行过程涉及多个垂直飞行阶段,巡航阶段占了绝大部分的飞行时间、飞行距离及燃油消耗,研究飞行管理系统(FMS)巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法,对于提升飞行的经济性、舒适性、安全性是非常重要和必要的。为了满足不同类型飞机巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法的通用性,提高垂直轨迹预测的精确度和可信度,提出一种适用于巡航阶段的垂直轨迹预测算法。首先,通过计算巡航阶段的速度剖面,并构建预测过程中更加符合实际的大气模型;然后基于第一性原理(第一法则)的飞机模型计算所需的巡航燃油流量数据,通过设计的巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法逻辑,给出巡航阶段预测的垂直轨迹;最后通过地面仿真试验和空中试飞验证算法的有效性与准确性。结果表明:本文提出的基于第一性原理飞机模型的FMS巡航阶段垂直轨迹预测算法能够预测飞机的巡航轨迹,且预测精度误差低于1%。

基于BDS/GPS融合的飞行试验航迹测试技术

该文描述了目前飞行试验中应用的基于GPS的双差载波相位测量模型,针对飞行试验中飞行器姿态变化及飞行环境变化严重影响GPS测试精度及可靠性的问题,提出基于BDS/GPS双系统的飞行试验融合测量方法。将北斗三代的测量数据引入现有差分模型,建立导航数据双差分模型,并把研究成果在民机飞行中进行试验,验证模型的有效性。通过BDS/GPS载波相位融合测量与双差分融合计算,降低测量误差,优化卫星几何分布,提升飞行试验航迹测试的精度和可靠性,改善四代机在极端飞行试验条件下导航数据缺失的问题,为复杂飞行试验环境的导航数据测量创造条件。

Cerebral blood flow volume measurements of the carotid artery and ipsilateral branches using two-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography

The optimal velocity encoding of phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography （PC MRA） in measuring cerebral blood flow volume （BFV） ranges from 60 to 80 cm/s. To verify the accuracy of two-dimensional （2D） PC MRA, the present study localized the region of interest at blood vessels of the neck using PC MRA based on three-dimensional time-of-flight sequences, and the velocity encoding was set to 80 cm/s. Results of the measurements showed that the error rate was 7.0±6.0% in the estimation of BFV in the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery and the ipsilateral common carotid artery. There was no significant difference, and a significant correlation in BFV between internal carotid artery ＋ external carotid artery and ipsilateral common carotid artery. In addition, the BFV of the common carotid artery was correlated with that of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. The main error was attributed to the external carotid artery and its branches. Therefore, after selecting the appropriate scanning parameters and protocols, 2D PC MRA is more accurate in the determination of BFV in the carotid arteries.

长输管道自动焊对接环焊缝熔铜裂纹的检测与判定

熔铜裂纹是长输管道自动焊对接环焊缝常见缺陷之一,PAUT(相控阵超声)检测、TOFD(超声衍射时差法)检测、AUT(全自动超声)检测是发现熔铜裂纹的有效检测方式,射线检测对熔铜裂纹的检测具有较大的局限性,可能表现出非典型裂纹特征,甚至无法发现熔铜裂纹。使用各检测方法对熔铜裂纹进行检测试验,结果表明,对于自动焊熔铜裂纹的判定,需结合以上多种检测方法进行准确定性。

飞龙掌血蜂蜜挥发性物质组成及关键香气物质分析

为明确中国特色中药材蜂蜜——飞龙掌血蜂蜜的挥发性物质组成及香气特征,利用阿贝折光仪、高效液相色谱仪、紫外分光光度计等分别对其水分含量、糖类含量、淀粉酶活性、抗氧化能力等指标进行测定。同时,利用顶空-固相微萃取结合气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱仪对其挥发性成分进行定性定量分析。结果表明:飞龙掌血蜂蜜样品的水分质量分数为(18.71±1.49)%,果糖和葡萄糖质量分数分别为(35.92±2.70)%和(35.85±2.51)%,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基的半清除浓度分别为(57.18±7.62)mg/mL和(247.68±40.50)mg/mL,淀粉酶活力为(11.84±3.38)mL/(g·h)。从飞龙掌血蜂蜜中共鉴定出176种挥发性物质,主要包括烃类52种、酯类29种、醇类21种、萜烯类21种、醛类17种和芳香族类12种等。其中苯甲醛、苯乙醇、1-辛烯-3-醇的含量较高,分别为8 181.9、4 483.1μg/kg和4 239.5μg/kg。经香气活度值分析鉴定出42种关键香气化合物(OAV>1),包括大马士酮、苯乙酸甲酯、α-水芹烯等,这些物质对飞龙掌血蜂蜜香气组成具有重要贡献。其中紫罗酮具有紫罗兰花香气,赋予了飞龙掌血蜂蜜独特的紫罗兰、覆盆子芳香味。飞龙掌血蜂蜜主要以花香味为主,辅以果香味、化学味和青香味的香气。综上,飞龙掌血蜂蜜的理化指标均满足相关标准,且挥发性成分种类丰富。本研究可为飞龙掌血蜂蜜品质评价提供数据支持,并为其他特色中药材蜂蜜的挖掘提供研究思路。

不同单株枸杞芽叶茶风味品质分析

为探明枸杞单株芽叶的适制茶类,本研究将2种枸杞单株芽叶分别用绿茶和白茶加工工艺,制成4种枸杞芽叶茶,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-TOF-MS)、生化成分分析和感官审评法,结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)及多元统计分析4种枸杞芽叶茶的风味特征。结果表明,M单株加工的绿茶感官品质得分最高,其次是M和A单株分别加工的白茶,而A单株加工的绿茶得分最低。M单株加工的绿茶类黄酮含量最高,A单株加工的绿茶水浸出物含量最高。4种茶中共检测出58种挥发性物质,其中香叶基丙酮、正己醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、苯乙醇、苯甲醇、萘、α-松油醇为AB、MB呈现花香、清香的特征香气成分;1-辛烯-3-醇为AL呈现果香的特征香气成分;2,5-二甲基吡嗪、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-环柠檬醛、苯甲醛、乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯为ML呈现花果香、清香的特征香气成分。可见M单株适制绿茶、白茶,A单株适制白茶,A、M单株加工白茶呈花香、清香的风味特征,A单株加工绿茶呈果香的风味特征,M单株加工绿茶呈花果香、清香的风味特征。本研究明确了枸杞A、M单株适制茶类及枸杞芽叶茶的风味特征,为枸杞芽叶茶的利用提供参考。

服装不同部位面料差异对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动性能的影响

目的:探讨滑雪服四肢和躯干部位搭配不同服装面料对跳台滑雪空中飞行气动性能的影响,助力跳台滑雪高性能服装的制备,提高比赛成绩。方法:采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,建立了我国某优秀跳台滑雪运动员典型姿势下的三维几何模型与网格模型,调用SST k-ω湍流模型求解RANS方程计算跳台滑雪飞行阶段运动员的气动特征。结果:1)滑雪服四肢和躯干部位在搭配不同面料时的压力分布总体规律基本一致,高压区主要集中在上半身、胯关节、膝关节等部位,肩部最为明显,低压区主要集中在身体侧面;2)无论是哪种搭配组合,在飞行阶段迎流面压力分布均较为集中,当躯干面料为4#、四肢面料选用1#时升阻比可达到最大。结论:1)跳台滑雪服面料差异对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特能产生较大影响;2)对该名运动员而言,四肢面料1#搭配躯干面料4#时运动员-滑雪板整体系统飞行阶段气动性能最优,比赛中跳台滑雪服可优选该种服装面料搭配方式;3)采用CFD方法分析服装面料差异对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响能够为跳台滑雪服面料的选材和个性化定制提供有效的辅助支持。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF INSECT FLIGHT

In the non-inertial coordinates attached to the model wing, the two-dimensional unsteady flow field triggered by the motion of the model wing, similar to the flapping of the insect wings, was numerically simulated. One of the advantages of our method is that it has avoided the difficulty related to the moving-boundary problem. Another advantage is that the model has three degrees of freedom and can be used to simulate arbitrary motions of a two-dimensional wing in plane only if the motion is known. Such flexibility allows us to study how insects control their flying. Our results show that there are two parameters that are possibly utilized by insects to control their flight： the phase difference between the wing translation and rotation, and the lateral amplitude of flapping along the direction perpendicular to the average flapping plane.

Beam position monitors as precise phase pickups for beam energy measurement at the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source

The 13-MeV proton linac of the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source(CPHS) at Tsinghua University, China,is composed of a 50-keV electron cyclotron resonance proton source, a 3-MeV four-vane-type radio-frequency quadrupole(RFQ) accelerator, and a drift tube linac(DTL). Precise measurement of the beam energies at the exit of the RFQ and the DTL is critical for DTL commissioning. Two button-type beam position monitors(BPMs) installed downstream of the RFQ are used to perform the measurement using a time-of-flight method. The effects of several factors on phase measurement accuracy are analyzed. The phase measurement accuracy of the BPMs at CPHS is better than ± 1.03° at 325 MHz after corrections,corresponding to an energy measurement error of± 0.07%. The beam energy measured at the exit of the RFQ is 2.994 ± 0.0022 MeV,which is consistent with the design value.

基于便携GC-MS和HS/SPME-GC×GC-TOF MS分析化州橘红与广西橘红成分差异

为探究不同产地橘红挥发性成分之间的差异,本研究采用便携气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和顶空固相微萃取结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF MS)技术分析化州橘红和广西橘红的挥发性成分。结果表明,便携GC-MS只能初步区分化州橘红和广西橘红,不能确定化州橘红的特征标志物;利用主成分分析法(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法(OPLS-DA)对GC×GC-TOF MS实验数据进行处理,根据|p(corr)|>9和|p|>0.06结合VIP>1.1,共筛选出10种化州橘红标志物。该研究为化州橘红药材的质量评价与鉴定提供了依据,也为其他中药质量评价提供了方法参考。

基于内置时钟的低功耗高精度SPAD阵列读出电路

SPAD阵列的规模不断扩大对读出电路(Read-out Integrated Circuit,ROIC)提出了更高的要求,时间数字转换器(Time to Digital Converter,TDC)是ROIC的核心电路,完成对光子飞行时间(Time-of-Flight,TOF)高精度量化。为避免大规模阵列中高频时钟信号长距离走线而引起的串扰和噪声干扰,抑制初相误差引起的检测精度退化,设计了一种基于内置时钟的ROIC阵列电路,阵列像素间距均为100μm,内置于各像素内的门控环形振荡器(Gated Ring Oscillator,GRO)独立提供像素TDC所需的高频分相时钟信号,各像素GRO均由像素外置锁相环(Phase Locked Loop,PLL)产生的压控信号控制。由于采用一种基于事件驱动的检测策略,只量化光子事件有效触发的TOF,有效降低了系统功耗。该芯片采用TSMC 0.18μm 1.8 V标准CMOS工艺制造,测试结果表明:TDC的时间分辨率和量程分别为102 ps和100 ns,微分非线性DNL低于0.8 LSB,积分非线性INL低于1.3 LSB,系统功耗小于59.3 mW。

Improved preparation and identification of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts by solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Aristolochic acid （AA） is a known nephrotoxin and potential carcinogen, which can form covalent DNA adducts after metabolic activation in vivo and in vitro. A simple method for preparation and characterization of aristolochic acid-DNA adducts was developed. Four AA-adducts were synthesized by a direct reaction of AAI/AAII with 2′-deoxynucleosides. The reaction mixture was first cleaned-up and pre-concentrated using solid phase extraction （SPE）, and further purified by a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. By the application of developed SPE procedure, matrices and byproducts in reaction mixture could be greatly reduced and adducts of high purity （more than 94% as indicated by HPLC） were obtained. The purified AA-DNA adducts were identified and characterized with liquid-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS） and LC-Diode array detector-fluorescence （LC-DAD-FL） analysis. This work provides a robust tool for possible large-scale preparation of AA-DNA adduct standards, which can promote the further studies on carcinogenic and mutagenic mechanism of aristolochic acids.

基于单目视频的跳台滑雪飞行阶段数据提取方法

针对跳台滑雪运动难度系数高,穿戴式传感器等入侵式设备易发生危险且价格昂贵而导致该运动数据提取困难的问题,提出了一种基于单目视频的跳台滑雪飞行阶段的数据提取方法。针对单目视频存在畸变和画面背景杂乱的问题进行预处理,通过标定相机参数对拍摄画面进行畸变矫正,并使用帧间差分法去除背景;利用OpenPose人体姿态识别库对运动员的关节位置进行初步识别,得到每一帧各个关节点的二维像素坐标;结合跳台滑雪运动员的姿态特性,针对识别出现误差的关节点,提出一种迭代拟合算法对其进行修正;根据修正后的关节点对运动员的运动特征进行提取与计算,并应用生成的人体模型与视频中运动员姿态进行动作比对。实验结果表明,迭代拟合算法提高了关节点识别准确率和识别精度,且修正关节点后生成的SMPL(skinned multiperson linear)三维人体模型更加贴合实际,证明了该算法对关节点修正的有效性。

SPME结合GC×GC-TOFMS测定白酒中的氨基甲酸乙酯

基于顶空固相微萃取(head space solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)结合全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOFMS)建立了一种准确定量白酒中氨基甲酸乙酯(ethyl carbamate,EC)的方法。实验对HS-SPME方法进行了优化,在酒精度12%vol、加NaCl 3 g、萃取温度70℃,萃取时间40 min的条件下,能够显著提高目标物的响应值。实验以D_(5)-氨基甲酸乙酯(D_(5)-EC)为内标,对不同浓度的样品溶液进行GC×GC-TOFMS定量分析。结果表明,EC在10~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,回归系数(R^(2))>0.998,检出限为0.19μg/L,定量限为0.64μg/L,平均回收率为97.57%,精密度为8.66%。测定结果与国标方法相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。该方法前处理简单,检测灵敏度更高,为白酒中EC自动化定量测定提供了新思路。