Investigations of the mechanical response of dummy HTPB propellant grain under ultrahigh acceleration overload conditions using onboard flight-test measurements

In this paper,to study the mechanical responses of a solid propellant subjected to ultrahigh acceleration overload during the gun-launch process,specifically designed projectile flight tests with an onboard measurement system were performed.Two projectiles containing dummy HTPB propellant grains were successfully recovered after the flight tests with an ultrahigh acceleration overload value of 8100 g.The onboard-measured time-resolved axial displacement,contact stress and overload values were successfully obtained and analysed.Uniaxial compression tests of the dummy HTPB propellant used in the gunlaunched tests were carried out at low and intermediate strain rates to characterize the propellant's dynamic properties.A linear viscoelastic constitutive model was employed and applied in finite-element simulations of the projectile-launching process.During the launch process,the dummy propellant grain exhibited large deformation due to the high acceleration overload,possibly leading to friction between the motor case and propellant grain.The calculated contact stress showed good agreement with the experimental results,though discrepancies in the overall displacement of the dummy propellant grain were observed.The dynamic mechanical response process of the dummy propellant grain was analysed in detail.The results can be used to estimate the structural integrity of the analysed dummy propellant grain during the gun-launch process.

Automated Flight Test and System Identification for Rotary Wing Small Aerial Platform Using Frequency Responses Analysis

This paper proposes an autopilot system that can be used to control the small scale rotorcraft during the flight test for linear-frequency-domain system identification. The input frequency-sweep is generated automatically as part of the autopilot control command. Therefore the bandwidth coverage and consistency of the frequency-sweep are guaranteed to produce high quality data for system identification. Beside that, we can set the safety parameters during the flight test （maximum roll/pitch value, minimum altitude, etc.） so the safety of the whole flight test is guaranteed. This autopilot system is validated using hardware in the loop simulator for hover flight condition.

UAV flight test of plasma slats and ailerons with microsecond dielectric barrier discharge

Plasma flow control（PFC） is a promising active flow control method with its unique advantages including the absence of moving components, fast response, easy implementation, and stable operation. The effectiveness of plasma flow control by microsecond dielectric barrier discharge（μs-DBD）, and by nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge（NS-DBD） are compared through the wind tunnel tests, showing a similar performance between μs-DBD and NS-DBD. Furthermore, theμs-DBD is implemented on an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV）, which is a scaled model of a newly developed amphibious plane. The wingspan of the model is 2.87 m, and the airspeed is no less than 30 m/s. The flight data, static pressure data,and Tufts images are recorded and analyzed in detail. Results of the flight test show that the μs-DBD works well on board without affecting the normal operation of the UAV model. When the actuators are turned on, the stall angle and maximum lift coefficient can be improved by 1.3° and 10.4%, and the static pressure at the leading edge of the wing can be reduced effectively in a proper range of angle of attack, which shows the ability of μs-DBD to act as plasma slats. The rolling moment produced by left-side μs-DBD actuation is greater than that produced by the maximum deflection of ailerons,which indicates the potential of μs-DBD to act as plasma ailerons. The results verify the feasibility and efficacy of μs-DBD plasma flow control in a real flight and lay the foundation for the full-sized airplane application.

Optimized Robust Filter for Uncertain Discrete Time System and Its Application to Flight Test

An optimized robust filtering algorithm for uncertain discrete-time systemsis presented. To get a series of computational equations, the uncertain part generated by theuncertain systematic matrix in the expression of the error-covariance matrix of time update stateestimation is optimized and the least upper bound of the uncertain part is given. By means of theseresults, the equivalent systematic matrix is obtained and a robust time update algorithm is builtup. On the other hand, uncertain parts generated by the uncertain observation matrix in theexpression of the error-covariance matrix of measurement update state estimation are optimized, andthe largest lower bound of the uncertain part is given. Thus both the time update and measurementupdate algorithms are developed. By means of the matrix inversion formula, the expression structuresof both time update and measurement update algorithms are all simplified. Moreover, the convergencecondition of a robust filter is developed to make the results easy to application. The results offlight data processing show that the method presented in this paper is efficient.

Airborne test flight of HY-2A satellite microwave scatterometer and data analysis

This paper introduces the background, aim, experimental design, configuration and data processing for an airborne test flight of the HY-2 Microwave scatterometer(HSCAT). The aim was to evaluate HSCAT performance and a developed data processing algorithm for the HSCAT before launch. There were three test flights of the scatterometer, on January 15, 18 and 22, 2010, over the South China Sea near Lingshui, Hainan. The test flights successfully generated simultaneous airborne scatterometer normalized radar cross section(NRCS), ASCAT wind, and ship-borne-measured wind datasets, which were used to analyze HSCAT performance. Azimuthal dependence of the NRCS relative to the wind direction was nearly cos(2w), with NRCS minima at crosswind directions, and maxima near upwind and downwind. The NRCS also showed a small difference between upwind and downwind directions, with upwind crosssections generally larger than those downwind. The dependence of airborne scatterometer NRCS on wind direction and speed showed favorable consistency with the NASA scatterometer geophysical model function(NSCAT GMF), indicating satisfactory HSCAT performance.

Power Supply for a Wireless Sensor Network： Airliner Flight Test Case Study

In this paper, we present hands-on experience related to on-going implementation in aircraft of power supply for a wireless sensor network deployed for aerodynamic flight tests. This autonomous battery-free power supply is capturing, managing and storing primary energy from the environment, using solar light and PV （photovoltaic） cells. For practical purposes, it is also equipped with an auxiliary power input. The specifications are detailed, the general architecture is presented and justified, and test results are discussed.

Digital Simulation of Full Scale Static Test of Aircraft

Full scale aircraft static test is a very important process of aircraft design, it is costly and time consuming. The testing accuracy and validity mainly depend on the rationality of the test scheme design. When the aircraft is being tested, the specimen＇s safety mainly depends on monitoring and understanding the testing data by way of evaluating the coherence with the digital simulation data synchyononsly. The test digital simulation can aid realizing above requirements and improving the test efficiency significantly during test scheme design stage or testing stage respectively. The key technologies and the solving methods of test digital simulation are presented and the application example is given.

A New Method for Detecting Internal Defects in Composite Materials Based on Time of Flight

Carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites have been widely used to achieve the light-weighted design and high performance due to superior performance. Internal defects in the composite materials are the main factors that determine their performance,which makes reliable and effective detection methods of internal defects essential. Nondestructive testing(NDT)methods are the most widely-used way due to their tremendous advantages. Though the theoretical background is found,experimental results could be quite complicated and confusing,especially for composite materials with complex defects characteristics. In this paper,experimental study on internal defects in composite materials based on the time of flight(ToF)are investigated. The Gaussian echo model and the parameter estimation methods are established to build a theoretical model for measurements. Then,the distance amplitude correction(DAC)method is proposed to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and to reduce distortion of the signal during measurements. Finally,the ToF is adopted to determine depth of internal defects. Experiment study is conducted to investigate the porosity defects and the anti-impact performance of composite materials,as well as defects in objects with various thicknesses. Experimental results show that the proposed method is quite helpful for obtaining the intuition and deep understanding of internal defects,thus contributing to the determination of product performance and its improvement.

动压相似对缩比飞行的影响

模型飞行试验作为空气动力学研究的重要手段之一,正逐步成为新型飞机研发中一种有效和低风险的技术途径。目前低速飞行试验技术已经相对成熟,而高速飞行试验尚存在许多困难。本文分析结果显示,来流动压对缩比飞行试验具有显著影响。动压相似保证缩比飞机与原型机表现出相似的动力学特性,但同时也限制了缩比飞机的飞行性能。研究发现,对于本文中的高升阻比飞机,通过飞行方案设计,缩比飞机能够克服动压相似带来的约束,获得与原型机相仿甚至超过原型机的飞行性能,对后续开展其他缩比模型飞行试验具有一定的借鉴意义,同时可为我国低成本高性能靶标系统建设提供技术支持。

高超声速飞行器热-结构试验若干关键技术

热-结构试验是高超声速飞行器研制过程中不可或缺的环节。本文在给出热-结构试验内涵与特征的基础上,结合热-结构试验典型科目介绍,呈现了热-结构试验体系总体架构,为全面了解热-结构试验提供参考;其次重点分析了当前热-结构试验中亟待突破的时变超高温热载实现、局部热载大梯度模拟以及时/频域载荷协同等7大关键技术。

航空发动机通用飞行台建设关键问题剖析

针对中国航空发动机通用飞行台(FTBs)在建造和使用中所关注的关键问题尚未清晰的现状,开展了针对飞行台的相关研究。阐明了通用飞行台的概念和作用,梳理了国外典型发动机飞行台建设主要内容和工作方法,总结了国外发动机挂点方案选择、气动仿真评估、引气、液压和电功率负载模拟系统总体结构、灭火、燃油和测试系统等方案,分析了通用飞行台在建造和使用过程中需特别关注的关键问题:试验对象与使用场景规划、需求制定与分解、详细设计与飞/发一体化协调、系统研制集成和验证、技术状态管理、人员资质要求、适航性评估等。根据国外飞行台建设经验和未来发动机飞行试验需求,分析了通用飞行台的未来发展趋势,给出了中国发动机飞行台建设和使用过程需特别关注的关键问题和关键环节,可为中国未来发动机通用飞行台能力建设和使用维护提供参考。

氢能源动力试飞关键技术分析与发展展望

氢能源动力是推动实现航空领域“双碳”目标的重要形式之一,氢能源动力的制造、试验及鉴定将为航空领域实现“双碳”目标提供重要支撑。本文结合航空领域“双碳”目标分析了国内外氢能源动力的发展背景,系统地梳理了国内外氢能源的前沿规划、氢能源动力总体飞行试验的最新进展;详细分析了氢能源动力试飞的关键技术,着重针对适配航空发动机飞行平台的技术剖析,涵盖氢的存储及输送、氢能源飞行平台适应性改造、特殊测量技术、安全防护及控制技术、试飞配套设施、试飞验证及评估技术和适航符合性研究,为氢能源动力演示验证、氢能源动力产品考核、氢能源动力安全运行、航空科技革新、航空低碳高质量发展等研究提供参考。

测耙数量对进气道稳态畸变特性测量的影响

在现代战斗机进气道相关试验中,受低速辅助进气门打开和隐身大S弯管道、大迎角侧滑角飞行姿态等复杂因素影响,进气道流场畸变较大,不同测耙数量的测试结果相差较大。国内外对进气道出口流场稳态畸变的测量及计算有较多研究,但鲜有测耙数量对进气道稳态畸变测量影响的全面对比研究。本文采用测耙测量进气道大压力梯度区和低压区并计算其稳态畸变,针对进气道风洞试验、全尺寸进发联合台架试验和进发匹配试飞,对常用的6支耙和8支耙形式测量结果进行对比研究。结果表明,对于形状复杂的战斗机进气道而言,进气道出口流场的测试需要尽可能采用8支测耙的测量方式,才能取得满意的结果。特别是舰载战斗机在舰面环境下,受舰首来流及偏流板反射等因素影响,进气道流场更加复杂,且发动机工作在特殊加力状态,对进发匹配稳定性要求也更加苛刻,更有必要采用8支测耙的测量方式。

机载激光武器试验评估技术研究

由于毁伤机理和使用方法的不同,现有机载武器和传感器的试验方法不适用于机载激光武器。为研究其特殊的试验与评估技术,从国外典型机载激光武器的试验情况着手,分析了主要的试验阶段、试验内容、试验类别、管理特点等,对气动光学特性、出光特性、目标探测识别跟踪、光束控制和杀伤性试验等主要科目的内容、方法进行研究。研究表明,美国为了避免试验技术落后研制技术,采取了多计划安排一体推进、大力构建试验机、建设试验设施和循序渐进开展试验等管理措施促进相关的研究。建议加强试验技术的投入,适时建设体系化试验机,加强测试和靶标等领域的研究,以期为新质武器的成熟和应用提供帮助。

基于GA-BP神经网络的大型客机气流角估计方法

为了解决硬件冗余难以克服的气流角传感器共因故障问题,进一步提高飞机气流角信号的可靠性,研究了基于GABP神经网络的气流角估计方法。通过BP神经网络融合姿态角、加速度、风速等参数来实现不依赖气流角传感器的气流角估计;引入遗传算法对神经网络权值和阈值进行全局优化,提高估计精度;对某大型客机的试飞数据预处理后用于模型的训练和测试。仿真结果表明,训练完成的GA-BP神经网络模型对气流角的估计值贴近实际值,稳定性和精度明显高于BP神经网络。上述方法给飞机增加一个余度的气流角信号,可用于传感器故障时为飞机提供可靠的气流角信号。

基于模型的空投任务飞行品质试飞设计及评估

重装空投飞行试验过程中,货物运动会导致飞机姿态变化过大,影响飞行安全;为了保证重装空投飞行试验安全,建立了空投过程数学模型,预测空投过程飞机响应、使用“预测→验证→比较→预测”的方法指导飞行试验循序渐进实施;在空投试飞前,分析空投货物时飞机响应特点,确定载机平台飞行品质试飞内容,评价空投构型飞行品质,作为空投飞行试验的前提;对于空投任务飞行试验设计从试飞状态选择、试飞员操纵方法设计两方面开展研究,以飞机姿态控制为目标,确定重力空投、牵引空投过程飞机飞行状态、给出飞行员操纵建议,设计了空投过程评价要素表,形成面向空投任务的飞行试验设计及飞行品质评价技术;提出的基于模型的试验设计方法及飞行品质评价方法可以有效保障空投任务执行,并全面充分地评价空投任务下的飞行品质。

飞机燃油箱惰化试验飞行环境模拟系统设计

飞机燃油箱惰化试验是飞机燃油系统安全评估的重要内容。为检验飞机惰化系统设计的正确性以及机载测试设备在飞行环境下的工作可靠性,设计了飞机燃油箱惰化试验飞行环境模拟系统,用于地面开展飞机燃油惰化系统飞行模拟试验。应用所搭建的模拟系统,开展了模拟平飞、爬升、下降等过程的飞机燃油惰化系统试验,检验了新研发的机载燃油箱氧浓度测试设备的性能。结果表明:模拟系统能够提供飞行条件高低温、高低压的油箱外部环境模拟以及含油气、惰化气体、飞行晃动的油箱内部环境模拟,从而为飞机燃油箱惰化系统试验提供有力支撑。

基于符合性证据链的航电系统工程试验方法

为形成逻辑严密、可追溯的适航符合性验证资料,提出一种基于符合性证据链的航电系统工程试验方法,并对实现中的关键问题进行分析研究。以自动飞行控制系统的工程试验为例,设计与实现了基于自动飞行控制系统适航验证需求的验证平台。在验证方案设计中,针对复杂验证环境中部分参数不确定性描述问题,提出一种基于分类概率多场景分析的验证方案设计方法,基于适航验证需求,对飞行数据进行筛选,通过对筛选后的飞行数据进行统计特性分析、随机抽样与合并缩减,生成包含发生概率的确定性场景,描述验证环境中部分参数的不确定性。在验证数据分析中,针对多场景多参数条件下的适航符合性判断问题,提出基于加权Dempster-Shafer证据理论的适航符合性评估方法,以确定性场景发生概率为权重,进行证据融合,避免部分小概率场景对融合结果的干扰。基于实际飞行数据,自动飞行控制系统的自动飞行模式工程试验结果表明,所提方法有效可行。

基于动网格技术的抛鸟运动轨迹分析

发动机吞鸟试验是检验航空发动机安全性和可靠性的重要手段,为了探究在发动机吞鸟试验中,鸟体出膛后飞行轨迹的变化,优化抛鸟策略,采用动网格技术,使用六自由度模型对鸟体出膛后的轨迹进行计算分析。结果表明:鸟体出膛后,其肩部会形成一个高压区域,尾部形成一个低压区域,由此产生气动阻力,在运动方向阻力最大,在飞行过程中阻力会稳定在某一数值;运动方向垂向和横向所受气动力很小,但数值波动较大,且变化无规律;鸟体飞行过程中速度衰减小,弹道平直,可以采用直瞄的方式将鸟体抛向指定的位置。

民用飞机飞行中推力确定研究

确定飞行中发动机安装推力对飞机性能计算、发动机推力管理、经济性评价等具有重要意义。飞行中推力无法直接测量,需要在动力装置内部适当位置安装传感器测量性能参数,计算得出飞行中推力。研究了民用飞机动力装置飞行中推力确定方法,给出发动机安装净推力公式。介绍了推力计算的流程,利用某大涵道比涡扇发动机性能试飞数据,计算了该动力装置的安装净推力,并与参考值进行了对比分析,可为民用飞机型号设计提供参考。